3个石榴品种越冬抗寒性及生理差异分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0551

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以石榴品种‘鲁青1号’‘泰山红’和‘突尼斯软籽’的一年生枝条为试材，采用电解质渗出率拟合 Logistic 方程确定低温半致死温度（LT₅₀）评价抗寒性，测定相对含水量、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、丙二醛（MDA）含量，测定过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，结合田间越冬率、枝条植物学特征、冻害胁迫后枝条恢复能力，研究其越冬期间抗寒性及其生理基础。研究发现：3个品种抗寒能力差异显著，‘鲁青1号’抗寒性最强，田间越冬率远高于‘泰山红’和‘突尼斯软籽’，‘突尼斯软籽’抗寒性最差，田间越冬率为0。与‘突尼斯软籽’相比，‘鲁青1号’枝条粗壮，硬，节间相对短；枝刺粗壮，硬；皮孔封闭早且封闭层数多，包被严密；低温处理后生理指标变化幅度相对小，MDA含量较低，可溶性蛋白含量、POD活性较高，能较好地维持其渗透压和氧化还原平衡，使其抗寒能力远大于‘突尼斯软籽’。

关键词: 石榴, 抗寒性, 枝条, 半致死温度, 形态特征, 解剖结构

Abstract:

To study the change of freezing tolerance and its physiological basis of annual shoots of ‘Taishanhong’‘Luqing 1’and‘Tunisian Soft Seed’pomegranates during overwintering，the cold hardiness was estimated by the semi-lethal temperature（LT₅₀），which was assessed by electrolyte leakage rate with Logistic quation，the content of relative water，soluble protein，soluble sugar，malondialdehyde（MDA），activities of peroxidase（POD）and superoxidase（SOD），field overwintering rate，botanical characteristics of shoots，and the recovery ability of branches after freezing stress were measured. The results showed that the significant differences in cold resistance among three pomegranate cultivars. The overwintering rate of‘Luqing 1’was much higher than those of‘Taishanhong’and‘Tunisian Soft Seed’，and‘Tunisian Soft Seed’was the worst. Compared with‘Tunisia Soft Seed’，the shoots of‘Luqing 1’ were thick，hard，with short internodes，the spiness were also strong and hard. Sealing layers of lenticle were rich and tight. The changes of physiological indexes of‘Luqing 1’were relatively small after low temperature treatment. MDA content was low，soluble proteins content and POD activity were high. The osmotic pressure and redox balance of‘Luqing 1’could be maintained well，so its cold resistance much better than that of‘Tunisan Soft Seed’.

Key words: pomegranate, freezing tolerance, branch, semi-lethal temperature, morphological characteristic, anatomical structure

唐海霞, 杨雪梅, 冯立娟, 朱峰, 周继磊, 尹燕雷. 3个石榴品种越冬抗寒性及生理差异分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(7): 1563-1573.

TANG Haixia, YANG Xuemei, FENG Lijuan, ZHU Feng, ZHOU Jilei, YIN Yanlei. Analysis of Freezing Tolerances and Physiological Differences of Three Pomegranate Cultivars During the Overwintering[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(7): 1563-1573.

图/表 9

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时间/（Y-M） Date	平均低温/℃ Mean maximum temperature	极端低温/℃ Extreme low temperature	2年生突尼斯软籽 2-year-old Tunisian Soft Seed	泰山红Taishanhong		鲁青1号Luqing 1
时间/（Y-M） Date	平均低温/℃ Mean maximum temperature	极端低温/℃ Extreme low temperature	2年生突尼斯软籽 2-year-old Tunisian Soft Seed	2年生 2-year-old	多年生 Many years old	2年生 2-year-old	多年生 Many years old
2015-11—2016-03	-1.8	-18	0	0	53.2	100	100
2016-11—2017-03	-1.5	-9	0	83.6	100	100	100
2017-11—2018-03	-2.8	-12	—	68.4	100	100	100

时间/（Y-M） Date	平均低温/℃ Mean maximum temperature	极端低温/℃ Extreme low temperature	2年生突尼斯软籽 2-year-old Tunisian Soft Seed	泰山红Taishanhong		鲁青1号Luqing 1
时间/（Y-M） Date	平均低温/℃ Mean maximum temperature	极端低温/℃ Extreme low temperature	2年生突尼斯软籽 2-year-old Tunisian Soft Seed	2年生 2-year-old	多年生 Many years old	2年生 2-year-old	多年生 Many years old
2015-11—2016-03	-1.8	-18	0	0	53.2	100	100
2016-11—2017-03	-1.5	-9	0	83.6	100	100	100
2017-11—2018-03	-2.8	-12	—	68.4	100	100	100

品种 Cultivar	处理温度/℃ Processing temperature	拟合曲线 Fitted curve	R²	LT₅₀/℃
突尼斯软籽Tunisian Soft Seed	-15 ~ 5	y = 0.1375x + 0.4696	0.9288	-3.42
泰山红Taishanhong	-15 ~ 5	y = 0.0780x + 0.3767	0.9638	-4.83
鲁青1号Luqing 1	-15 ~ 5	y = 0.0559x + 0.5862	0.9128	-10.49

品种 Cultivar	处理温度/℃ Processing temperature	拟合曲线 Fitted curve	R²	LT₅₀/℃
突尼斯软籽Tunisian Soft Seed	-15 ~ 5	y = 0.1375x + 0.4696	0.9288	-3.42
泰山红Taishanhong	-15 ~ 5	y = 0.0780x + 0.3767	0.9638	-4.83
鲁青1号Luqing 1	-15 ~ 5	y = 0.0559x + 0.5862	0.9128	-10.49

品种 Cultivar	形态 Morphology								相对含水量% RWC		枝粗/cm Width		主枝节间长/mm Internode length of main branch
品种 Cultivar	枝条 Branch			枝刺 Spine			枝刺状短枝Spiny short branch		相对含水量% RWC		枝粗/cm Width		主枝节间长/mm Internode length of main branch
泰山红Taishanhong	较软，皮略带红色 Softer, slightly reddish			较少 Less			末节部分退化 The end part is partially degraded		40.01		1.01		63.28
鲁青1号 Luqing 1	硬，皮亮，偏棕绿色，粗壮 Hard, skin bright brownish, strong			多，粗壮，硬 More, strong, hard					39.10		1.21		38.73
突尼斯软籽 Tunisian Soft Seed	较软，细长，皮偏白色 Softer, slender, bark whiter			多，细长，硬 More, slender, hard					43.99		0.84		37.50
品种 Cultivar	枝刺 Spiny branch		第4节枝刺状枝 The fourth spiny branch					第9节枝刺状枝 The ninth spiny branch			第12节枝刺状枝 The 12th spiny branch
品种 Cultivar	长/mm Length	粗/mm Width	长/mm Length		粗/mm Width	小节数Section number		长/mm Length	粗/mm Width	小节数Section number	长/mm Length	粗/mm Width		小节数Section number
泰山红Taishanhong	7.19	1.24	18.30		1.56	2		66.87	1.61	3	148.59	3.68		6
鲁青1号 Luqing 1	8.39	1.52	41.08		2.11	3		54.07	2.15	4	69.49	2.77		5
突尼斯软籽 Tunisian Soft Seed	9.06	1.06	33.25		1.62	3		56.56	1.94	3	71.72	2.17		4