玉兰亚属44种（品种）的花粉形态特征研究

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0969

园艺学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (11): 2417-2434.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0969

• 遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学 • 上一篇下一篇

玉兰亚属44种（品种）的花粉形态特征研究

王啸博¹^,², 曹颍²^,³, 郭伟¹^,², 马琳¹^,², 刘秀丽¹^,²^,^*()

¹ 北京林业大学园林学院，北京 100083
² 花卉种质创新与分子育种北京市重点实验室，国家花卉工程技术研究中心，城乡生态环境北京实验室，北京 100083
³ 北京市植物园，北京市花卉园艺工程技术研究中心，北京 100093

收稿日期:2023-01-21 修回日期:2023-07-14 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-11-28
通讯作者:
*（E-mail：showlyliu@126.com）
基金资助:
北京市支持中央在京高校共建项目专项(2019GJ-03); 北京园林绿化增彩延绿科技创新工程项目(2019-KJC-02-10)

Morphological Characteristics of Pollen from 44 Species of Subgen. Yulania

WANG Xiaobo¹^,², CAO Ying²^,³, GUO Wei¹^,², MA Lin¹^,², LIU Xiuli¹^,²^,^*()

¹ School of Landscape Architecture，Beijing Forestry University，Beijing 100083，China
² Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding，National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture，Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment，Beijing 100083，China
³ Beijing Botanical Garden，Beijing Floriculture Engineering Technology Research Centre，Beijing 100093，China

Received:2023-01-21 Revised:2023-07-14 Published:2023-11-25 Online:2023-11-28
Contact:
*（E-mail：showlyliu@126.com）

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

运用扫描电镜对玉兰亚属44种（8个种，36个品种）植物的花粉形态特征进行了观察研究。44种植物的花粉粒均为单粒，具单沟，为N₁P₃C₃类型花粉，呈长球形或超长球，中等大小（41.49 ~ 69.46）μm ×（18.50 ~ 27.64）μm，左右对称。花粉极面观近球形，赤道面观为椭圆形或长椭圆形，侧面观为舟形。花粉壁表面纹饰较为原始，可以分为6类：孔状纹饰、疣状凸起纹饰、横纹状纹饰、脑沟状凹陷纹饰、短棒状孔穴纹饰和瘤状凸起纹饰。研究结果表明：玉兰亚属不同植物花粉形状、萌发孔沟等特征近似，外壁纹饰差异较大，因此花粉形态可以用于区分不同种类；但不能准确区分玉兰品种，仅可作为品种分类的辅助参考指标。

关键词: 玉兰亚属, 花粉形态, 扫描电镜, 聚类分析

Abstract:

In order to clarify the morphological characteristics of the pollen and taxonomic relationships of the Subgen. Yulania，the present study observed the morphological characteristics of pollen of 44 Subgen. Yulania（including 8 accessions，36 cultivars）using scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. Pollen of all tested materials is single-grained with one grooves and belong to N₁P₃C₃-type pollen grains，prolate or perprolate，with size medium（36.06-42.81）μm ×（16.39-20.07）μm and symmetrical from left to right. Pollen is subglobose in polar view，oval or long oval in equatorial view，and boat-shaped in lateral view. The extine pattern of pollen is relatively primitive and could be broadly divided into six types：hole-shaped，verrucate shaped，stripe-shaped，brain-shaped，short rod-shaped hole shaped and tuberculate. The results showed that the pollen shape and colpae of different Subgen. Yulania were similar，but the exine varied greatly. Therefore，pollen morphology can be used to distinguish different species. However，due to its low resolution，it is difficult to distinguish Yulania species accurately，and it can only be used as an auxiliary reference index for species classification.

Key words: Subgen. Yulania, pollen morphology, scanning electron microscope, cluster analysis

王啸博, 曹颍, 郭伟, 马琳, 刘秀丽. 玉兰亚属44种（品种）的花粉形态特征研究[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(11): 2417-2434.

WANG Xiaobo, CAO Ying, GUO Wei, MA Lin, LIU Xiuli. Morphological Characteristics of Pollen from 44 Species of Subgen. Yulania[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(11): 2417-2434.

图/表 5

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序号No.	种名 Species	染色体数 Chromosome number	亲本信息 Parent information
1	望春玉兰Magnolia biondii	2n = 4x = 76
2	黄山玉兰 M. cylindrica	2n = 2x = 38
3	天目玉兰M. amoena	2n = 2x = 38
4	‘娇姿’红花玉兰M. wufengensis‘Jiaozi’		M. wufenensis
5	玉兰M. denudata	2n = 4x = 76 2n = 6x = 114
6	武当玉兰 M. sprengeri	2n = 6x = 114
7	‘红脉’二乔玉兰M. denudata‘Red Nerve’		M. denudata
8	‘春喜’玉兰 M.‘Spring Joy’		M. stellata ‘Royal Star’× M.‘Wada’s Memory’
9	‘裙舞’星花玉兰M.× loebneri‘Pirouette’		M. × loebneri‘Ballerina’
10	‘王星’星花玉兰M. stellata‘Royal Star’		M. stellata‘Waterlily’
11	‘变色龙’二乔玉兰M.× soulangeana ‘Chameleon’		M.× soulangeana
12	‘美脉’二乔玉兰M. denudata‘Meimai Erqiao’		M. denudata
13	‘百年’星花玉兰M. stellata‘Centennial’		M. stellata‘Rosea’
14	‘梅丽尔’玉兰 M. × loebneri‘Merrill’		M. × loebneri
15	‘玉灯’玉兰M. denudata‘Lamp’		M. denudata
16	‘霞灿’武当玉兰M. sprengeri‘Very Red’		M. sprengeri
17	‘芭蕾舞女’玉兰M.× loebneri‘Ballerian’		M. × loebneri ‘SpringSnow’ × M. stellata ‘Waterlily’
18	‘红运’二乔玉兰M.× soulangeana‘Hongyun’		M.× soulangeana
19	‘丽克’玉兰M.‘Ricki’		M. liliiflora‘Nigra’× M. stellata‘Rosea’
20	日本辛夷M. praecocissima	2n = 2x = 38
21	‘遗产’玉兰M.‘Legacy’		M. sprengeri var. diva‘Diva’× M. denudata
22	‘梅塞尔’玉兰M.× loebneri‘Leonard Messel’		M. × loebneri
23	‘雪堆’玉兰M. × loebneri‘Snowdrift’		M. × loebneri.
24	‘雷思丽’玉兰M.‘Leslie Jane’		M. × loebneri‘Leonard Messel’
25	‘绿地’玉兰M.‘Green Land’		未查明Not found
26	‘银河’玉兰M.‘Galaxy’		M.liliiflora‘Nigra’× M. sprengeri var. diva‘Diva’
27	‘娇红2号’红花玉兰M.‘Jiaohong 2’		M. wufenensis
28	‘库克’玉兰M.‘Emma Cook’		M. denudata × M. stellata‘Waterlily’
29	‘维达的回忆’玉兰M. salicifolia‘Wada’s Memory’		M. praecocissima × M. salicifolia
30	‘葡萄酒’玉兰M. × soulangeana‘Burgundy’		M.× soulangeana
31	红花玉兰M. wufenensis
32	‘花花公子’玉兰M.‘Big Dude’		M. sprengeri var. diva‘Diva’× M.× soulangeana ‘Picture’
33	‘金色池塘’玉兰M.‘Golden Pond’		M. acuminata × M. denudata
34	‘黄河’玉兰M.‘Yellow River’		M. acuminata × M. denudata
35	紫玉兰M. liliflora	2n = 2x = 38 2n = 4x = 76
36	‘宝石红’玉兰M.‘Rustica Rubra’		M. × soulangeana‘Lennei’
37	‘爱兰粉’玉兰M.× soulangeana‘Iolanthe’		M. × soulangeana‘Lennei’× M.‘MarkJury’
38	‘林耐’二乔玉兰M. × soulangeana‘Lennei’		M.× soulangeana
39	‘蜜蜂’玉兰M.‘Miss Honeybee’		M. acuminata var. subcordata.
40	‘红元宝’玉兰M. lilliflora‘Hongyuanbao’		M. lilliflora
41	‘洛依丝’玉兰M. acuminata‘Lois’		M. acuminata × unknown
42	‘天香’玉兰M.‘Heaven Scent’		M. liliiflora‘Nigra’× M. × veitchii‘Peter Veitch’
43	‘复色’玉兰M.‘Sunsation’		M. × brooklynensis‘Woodsman’× M.‘Elizabeth’
44	‘黄鸟’玉兰M. × brooklynensis‘Yellow Bird’		M.× brooklynensis‘Evamaria’× M. acuminata var. subcordata

序号No.	种名 Species	染色体数 Chromosome number	亲本信息 Parent information
1	望春玉兰Magnolia biondii	2n = 4x = 76
2	黄山玉兰 M. cylindrica	2n = 2x = 38
3	天目玉兰M. amoena	2n = 2x = 38
4	‘娇姿’红花玉兰M. wufengensis‘Jiaozi’		M. wufenensis
5	玉兰M. denudata	2n = 4x = 76 2n = 6x = 114
6	武当玉兰 M. sprengeri	2n = 6x = 114
7	‘红脉’二乔玉兰M. denudata‘Red Nerve’		M. denudata
8	‘春喜’玉兰 M.‘Spring Joy’		M. stellata ‘Royal Star’× M.‘Wada’s Memory’
9	‘裙舞’星花玉兰M.× loebneri‘Pirouette’		M. × loebneri‘Ballerina’
10	‘王星’星花玉兰M. stellata‘Royal Star’		M. stellata‘Waterlily’
11	‘变色龙’二乔玉兰M.× soulangeana ‘Chameleon’		M.× soulangeana
12	‘美脉’二乔玉兰M. denudata‘Meimai Erqiao’		M. denudata
13	‘百年’星花玉兰M. stellata‘Centennial’		M. stellata‘Rosea’
14	‘梅丽尔’玉兰 M. × loebneri‘Merrill’		M. × loebneri
15	‘玉灯’玉兰M. denudata‘Lamp’		M. denudata
16	‘霞灿’武当玉兰M. sprengeri‘Very Red’		M. sprengeri
17	‘芭蕾舞女’玉兰M.× loebneri‘Ballerian’		M. × loebneri ‘SpringSnow’ × M. stellata ‘Waterlily’
18	‘红运’二乔玉兰M.× soulangeana‘Hongyun’		M.× soulangeana
19	‘丽克’玉兰M.‘Ricki’		M. liliiflora‘Nigra’× M. stellata‘Rosea’
20	日本辛夷M. praecocissima	2n = 2x = 38
21	‘遗产’玉兰M.‘Legacy’		M. sprengeri var. diva‘Diva’× M. denudata
22	‘梅塞尔’玉兰M.× loebneri‘Leonard Messel’		M. × loebneri
23	‘雪堆’玉兰M. × loebneri‘Snowdrift’		M. × loebneri.
24	‘雷思丽’玉兰M.‘Leslie Jane’		M. × loebneri‘Leonard Messel’
25	‘绿地’玉兰M.‘Green Land’		未查明Not found
26	‘银河’玉兰M.‘Galaxy’		M.liliiflora‘Nigra’× M. sprengeri var. diva‘Diva’
27	‘娇红2号’红花玉兰M.‘Jiaohong 2’		M. wufenensis
28	‘库克’玉兰M.‘Emma Cook’		M. denudata × M. stellata‘Waterlily’
29	‘维达的回忆’玉兰M. salicifolia‘Wada’s Memory’		M. praecocissima × M. salicifolia
30	‘葡萄酒’玉兰M. × soulangeana‘Burgundy’		M.× soulangeana
31	红花玉兰M. wufenensis
32	‘花花公子’玉兰M.‘Big Dude’		M. sprengeri var. diva‘Diva’× M.× soulangeana ‘Picture’
33	‘金色池塘’玉兰M.‘Golden Pond’		M. acuminata × M. denudata
34	‘黄河’玉兰M.‘Yellow River’		M. acuminata × M. denudata
35	紫玉兰M. liliflora	2n = 2x = 38 2n = 4x = 76
36	‘宝石红’玉兰M.‘Rustica Rubra’		M. × soulangeana‘Lennei’
37	‘爱兰粉’玉兰M.× soulangeana‘Iolanthe’		M. × soulangeana‘Lennei’× M.‘MarkJury’
38	‘林耐’二乔玉兰M. × soulangeana‘Lennei’		M.× soulangeana
39	‘蜜蜂’玉兰M.‘Miss Honeybee’		M. acuminata var. subcordata.
40	‘红元宝’玉兰M. lilliflora‘Hongyuanbao’		M. lilliflora
41	‘洛依丝’玉兰M. acuminata‘Lois’		M. acuminata × unknown
42	‘天香’玉兰M.‘Heaven Scent’		M. liliiflora‘Nigra’× M. × veitchii‘Peter Veitch’
43	‘复色’玉兰M.‘Sunsation’		M. × brooklynensis‘Woodsman’× M.‘Elizabeth’
44	‘黄鸟’玉兰M. × brooklynensis‘Yellow Bird’		M.× brooklynensis‘Evamaria’× M. acuminata var. subcordata

形状 Shape	外壁纹饰 Ornamentation type	编号 No.	赤道轴长/μm Equatorial axis（E）	极轴长/μm Polar axis（P）	P/E	体积指数 Size index
超长球形	密集孔状纹饰，伴有穿孔 Dense hole-shaped with perforations pattern	1	18.89	42.70	2.26	28.40
Perprolate		2	20.56	43.55	2.12	29.92
		15	25.41	54.15	2.13	37.09
		24	21.78	44.03	2.02	30.97
		37	23.77	58.41	2.46	37.26
	密集孔状、短棒状孔穴纹饰 Dense hole-shaped，stripe-shaped pattern	3	18.50	41.49	2.24	27.70
		18	24.17	55.60	2.30	36.66
		21	25.78	59.09	2.29	39.03
	密集孔状纹饰 Dense hole-shaped pattern	4	24.54	53.56	2.18	36.25
		26	25.87	54.94	2.12	37.70
		27	21.94	53.13	2.42	34.14
		31	22.31	53.18	2.38	34.45
		33	27.19	65.53	2.41	42.21
		39	27.25	69.46	2.55	43.50
		41	27.64	68.44	2.48	43.50
		43	20.58	55.04	2.67	33.65
		44	26.11	63.90	2.45	40.85
	稀疏孔状，疣状凸起纹饰 Sparse hole-shaped，verrucate shaped pattern	5	27.04	57.73	2.14	39.51
	密集孔状，具穿孔，脑沟状凹陷纹饰 Dense hole-shaped with perforations，brain-shaped pattern	6	27.56	55.71	2.02	39.19
		8	22.77	52.01	2.28	34.42
		9	22.31	48.06	2.15	32.74
		10	22.24	45.37	2.04	31.76
		13	21.77	46.88	2.15	31.94
		20	23.36	48.56	2.08	33.68
		22	21.93	47.79	2.18	32.37
		23	21.17	47.95	2.26	31.86
		28	25.28	55.64	2.20	37.50
		29	19.37	46.08	2.38	29.88
		35	23.41	52.03	2.22	34.90
		40	21.70	49.00	2.26	32.61
	稀疏孔状纹饰 Sparse hole-shaped pattern	7	26.26	53.14	2.02	37.35
	密集孔状，疣状凸起纹饰 Dense hole-shaped，verrucate shaped pattern	11	23.92	48.31	2.02	33.99
	稀疏孔状，疣状凸起纹饰 Sparse hole-shaped，verrucate shaped pattern	12	24.19	49.40	2.04	34.57
	密集孔状，瘤状凸起纹饰 Dense hole-shaped，tuberculate pattern	19	20.40	47.44	2.33	31.11
	表面光滑，具稀疏孔状纹饰 Surface smooth，sparse hole-shaped pattern	25	23.85	56.40	2.36	36.67
	密集孔状、横纹状、短棒状孔穴纹饰 Dense hole-shaped，stripe-shaped，short rod-shaped hole shaped pattern	30	26.17	55.84	2.13	38.23
		32	26.84	65.73	2.45	42.00
		34	24.89	56.18	2.26	37.39
		36	26.95	67.45	2.50	42.63
		38	25.83	61.76	2.39	39.94
		42	23.43	51.16	2.18	34.62
长球形	密集孔状，具穿孔，脑沟状凹陷纹饰 Dense hole-shaped with perforations，brain-shaped pattern	14	23.37	46.11	1.97	32.83
Prolate		17	23.26	46.26	1.99	32.80
	密集短棒状孔穴纹饰 Dense，short，rod-shaped hole pattern	16	25.85	50.15	1.94	36.01

形状 Shape	外壁纹饰 Ornamentation type	编号 No.	赤道轴长/μm Equatorial axis（E）	极轴长/μm Polar axis（P）	P/E	体积指数 Size index
超长球形	密集孔状纹饰，伴有穿孔 Dense hole-shaped with perforations pattern	1	18.89	42.70	2.26	28.40
Perprolate		2	20.56	43.55	2.12	29.92
		15	25.41	54.15	2.13	37.09
		24	21.78	44.03	2.02	30.97
		37	23.77	58.41	2.46	37.26
	密集孔状、短棒状孔穴纹饰 Dense hole-shaped，stripe-shaped pattern	3	18.50	41.49	2.24	27.70
		18	24.17	55.60	2.30	36.66
		21	25.78	59.09	2.29	39.03
	密集孔状纹饰 Dense hole-shaped pattern	4	24.54	53.56	2.18	36.25
		26	25.87	54.94	2.12	37.70
		27	21.94	53.13	2.42	34.14
		31	22.31	53.18	2.38	34.45
		33	27.19	65.53	2.41	42.21
		39	27.25	69.46	2.55	43.50
		41	27.64	68.44	2.48	43.50
		43	20.58	55.04	2.67	33.65
		44	26.11	63.90	2.45	40.85
	稀疏孔状，疣状凸起纹饰 Sparse hole-shaped，verrucate shaped pattern	5	27.04	57.73	2.14	39.51
	密集孔状，具穿孔，脑沟状凹陷纹饰 Dense hole-shaped with perforations，brain-shaped pattern	6	27.56	55.71	2.02	39.19
		8	22.77	52.01	2.28	34.42
		9	22.31	48.06	2.15	32.74
		10	22.24	45.37	2.04	31.76
		13	21.77	46.88	2.15	31.94
		20	23.36	48.56	2.08	33.68
		22	21.93	47.79	2.18	32.37
		23	21.17	47.95	2.26	31.86
		28	25.28	55.64	2.20	37.50
		29	19.37	46.08	2.38	29.88
		35	23.41	52.03	2.22	34.90
		40	21.70	49.00	2.26	32.61
	稀疏孔状纹饰 Sparse hole-shaped pattern	7	26.26	53.14	2.02	37.35
	密集孔状，疣状凸起纹饰 Dense hole-shaped，verrucate shaped pattern	11	23.92	48.31	2.02	33.99
	稀疏孔状，疣状凸起纹饰 Sparse hole-shaped，verrucate shaped pattern	12	24.19	49.40	2.04	34.57
	密集孔状，瘤状凸起纹饰 Dense hole-shaped，tuberculate pattern	19	20.40	47.44	2.33	31.11
	表面光滑，具稀疏孔状纹饰 Surface smooth，sparse hole-shaped pattern	25	23.85	56.40	2.36	36.67
	密集孔状、横纹状、短棒状孔穴纹饰 Dense hole-shaped，stripe-shaped，short rod-shaped hole shaped pattern	30	26.17	55.84	2.13	38.23
		32	26.84	65.73	2.45	42.00
		34	24.89	56.18	2.26	37.39
		36	26.95	67.45	2.50	42.63
		38	25.83	61.76	2.39	39.94
		42	23.43	51.16	2.18	34.62
长球形	密集孔状，具穿孔，脑沟状凹陷纹饰 Dense hole-shaped with perforations，brain-shaped pattern	14	23.37	46.11	1.97	32.83
Prolate		17	23.26	46.26	1.99	32.80
	密集短棒状孔穴纹饰 Dense，short，rod-shaped hole pattern	16	25.85	50.15	1.94	36.01

玉兰亚属44种（品种）的花粉形态特征研究

Morphological Characteristics of Pollen from 44 Species of Subgen. Yulania

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玉兰亚属44种（品种）的花粉形态特征研究

Morphological Characteristics of Pollen from 44 Species of Subgen. Yulania

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