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园艺学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 875-884.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0070

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

温室番茄东西向栽培条件下矮化密植对其生长和产量的影响

崔东禹1,3, 李长青1,2, 孙焱鑫1, 王激清2, 邹国元1,*(), 杨俊刚1,*()   

  1. 1.北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,北京100097
    2.河北北方学院,河北张家口 075000
    3.河北省三河市第一中学,河北三河 065200
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-22 修回日期:2021-12-17 出版日期:2022-04-25 发布日期:2022-04-24
  • 通讯作者: 邹国元,杨俊刚 E-mail:gyzou@163.com;jungangyang@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0199500);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800405);北京市乡村振兴科技项目(489300);北京市乡村振兴科技项目(2018021);北京市农林科学院农业科技综合服务试验站工程项目(2018022)

Effects of Dwarf Close Planting on Growth and Yield of Tomato Under East-West Cultivation in Greenhouse

CUI Dongyu1,3, LI Changqing1,2, SUN Yanxin1, WANG Jiqing2, ZOU Guoyuan1,*(), YANG Jungang1,*()   

  1. 1. Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China
    2. Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou,Hebei 075000,China
    3. The First Middle School of Sanhe,Sanhe,Hebei 065200,China
  • Received:2021-10-22 Revised:2021-12-17 Online:2022-04-25 Published:2022-04-24
  • Contact: ZOU Guoyuan,YANG Jungang E-mail:gyzou@163.com;jungangyang@163.com

摘要:

采用田间试验研究不同密度下东西向栽培对温室番茄生长、产量、品质的影响,以期为设施蔬菜轻简、优质、高效生产提供技术支持。试验采用适合温室机械化作业的东西向起垄种植番茄,设密度和不同位置2个因素,主因素为普通稀植(3.3万株 · hm-2,留4穗果)和矮化密植(6.6万株 · hm-2,留3穗果),副因素为4个不同位置的种植畦处理。结果表明,温室内环境条件在不同位置上存在明显差异,北畦土壤温度较南畦高0.3 ~ 1.3 ℃,但光照强度较南畦降低39.7% ~ 49.0%;不同位置土壤水分和EC值的变幅较小。矮化密植处理南畦幼苗茎粗较北畦显著增加。番茄产量南畦高于北畦,增产12.8% ~ 30.1%,密植处理显著高于稀植处理,增产27.7%。与稀植相比,密植没有降低果实品质。在时间上,密植处理早期(6月9—20日)番茄产量比稀植处理增产37%,早期产量增产贡献率达到73%,显著提高了番茄生产的经济效益。综上,温室番茄东西向栽培条件下,采用密植有利于合理利用环境条件,提高早期产量实现增产增收。

关键词: 番茄, 设施栽培, 东西向栽培, 矮化密植, 产量

Abstract:

The field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different planting densities on the growth,yield and quality of greenhouse tomato under east-west cultivation in order to provide technical support for the light,simple,high-quality and efficient production of protected vegetables. In this experiment,tomato was planted in east-west ridging suitable for greenhouse mechanized operations. Two factors,density and different locations,were set. The main factors were common sparse planting(33 000 plants · hm-2 with four ears of fruit)and dwarf close planting(66 000 plants · hm-2 with three ears of fruit),and the secondary factor was planting bed treatments in four different locations. The results showed that there were significant differences in environmental conditions of greenhouse at different locations. The soil temperature in the north bed was 0.3-1.3 ℃ higher than that in the south bed,but the light intensity was 39.7%-49.0% lower than that in the south bed. The variation of soil moisture and EC values at the same position was small. The stem diameter in the south bed treated with close planting was significantly higher than that in the north bed at seedling stage. The yield of tomato in the south bed was higher than that in the north bed,increasing by 12.8%-30.1%,and the yield of the close planting treatment was significantly higher than that in the sparse planting treatment,increasing by 27.7%. Compared with sparse planting,close planting did not decrease fruit quality. In terms of harvest time,the fruit yield in the early stage of close planting(from June 9th to June 20th)was increased by 37% compared with that of sparse planting,and the contribution rate of yield increase in the early stage reached 73%,which significantly improved the economic benefit of tomato production. In summary,under the condition of greenhouse tomato cultivation in the east-west direction,the adoption of close planting is conducive to the rational use of environmental conditions,improve the early yield and realize the increase in yield and income.

Key words: tomato, greenhouse cultivation, east-west cultivation, dwarf close planting, yield

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