低温胁迫对桃树苗期的影响及品种抗寒性评价

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0142

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过人工气候室模拟低温环境，在0 ℃（对照）和-15 ℃、-20 ℃、-25 ℃、-30 ℃胁迫条件下，以21个桃品种的1年生桃苗茎部为试验材料，分析其相对电导率、组织褐变率、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（phenylalanine ammonia-lyase，PAL）活性、丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）、游离脯氨酸（free proline，Pro）、可溶性糖（soluble sugar）含量的变化，运用隶属函数法和主成分分析法，对不同桃品种1年生苗期抗寒性进行综合分析评价及抗寒指标筛选。结果表明，低温处理下，21个桃品种苗期茎部的相对电导率、组织褐变率、PAL活性、MDA及游离Pro含量均不同程度升高，而可溶性糖含量则呈现先升高后降低的趋势；金黄金、21世纪、中华寿桃的相对电导率、PAL活性较对照增幅较大，寒公主、东合1号、珲春的游离Pro含量增幅较大。21个桃品种苗期的抗寒性由强到弱依次为：东合1号、珲春、寒公主、北京晚蜜、金宝、秋悦、秋燕、霞晖6号、秋怡、中油8号、春雪、中油21号、脆保、秀峰、大久保、中油蟠7号、燕特红、金黄金、金奥、21世纪和中华寿桃。根据隶属函数综合评价，抗寒性类型（等级）划分与半致死温度（LT₅₀）和田间调查的结果一致。综上，木质部厚度、木质部比率、组织褐变率、相对电导率、PAL活性、MDA、游离Pro和可溶性糖含量可作为桃树苗期抗寒性评价的重要指标。

关键词: 桃, 苗期, 抗寒性, 综合评价, 指标筛选

Abstract:

The low-temperature environment was simulated in artificial climate chamber at 0 ℃，-15 ℃，-20 ℃，-25 ℃ and-30 ℃. The stems of 21 one-year old peach cultivars were selected. The differences in relative conductivity，tissue browning rate，activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase（PAL）and contents of malondialdehyde（MDA），free proline（Pro）and soluble sugar（SS）were analyzed. The cold resistance and physiological indexes of different peach cultivars were evaluated by the membership function method and principal component analysis. The results indicated that the relative conductivity，tissue browning rate，activity of PAL，contents of MDA and Pro in stems of 21 peach cultivars increased with the decrease of temperature，while SS content increased firstly and then decreased. Compared with the control，relative conductivity and activity of PAL in trunks of Jinhuangjin，21 Century and Zhonghua Shoutao increased greatly，contents of Pro in trunks of Hangongzhu，Donghe 1 and Hunchun increased greatly. The cold resistance of 21 cultivars were in the decreasing order of Donghe 1，Hunchun，Hangongzhu，Beijing Wanmi，Jinbao，Qiuyue，Qiuyan，Xiahui 6，Qiuyi，Cuibao，Zhongyou 8，Chunxue，Zhongyou 21，Xiufeng，Okubo，Yantehong，Jinhuangjin，Zhongyoupan 7，Jinao，21 Century，Zhonghua Shoutao. According to the comprehensive evaluation by membership function method，the classification of cold resistance type（grade）was consistent with the semi-lethal temperature（LT₅₀）and the field survey results. The main indexes that affect the cold resistance of peach trees at the seedling stage are xylem thickness，xylem ratio，tissue browning rate，relative conductivity，activity of PAL and contents of MDA，free Pro and SS，and the differences（content）of these indexes can be used as important indexes to evaluate the cold resistance.

Key words: peach, seedling stage, cold resistance, comprehensive evaluation, parameters screening

李杰, 田启航, 刘国俭, 田振东, 王雨, 王召元, 常瑞丰, 李永红. 低温胁迫对桃树苗期的影响及品种抗寒性评价[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(5): 1409-1424.

LI Jie, TIAN Qihang, LIU Guojian, TIAN Zhendong, WANG Yu, WANG Zhaoyuan, CHANG Ruifeng, LI Yonghong. Influence of Cold Stress and Cold Resistance Evaluation on the Seedling Stage of Peach Cultivars[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(5): 1409-1424.

图/表 16

参考文献 31

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序号No.	品种Cultivar	选育单位Breeding organization
1	中油 21 号 Zhongyou 21	中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
2	秋怡 Qiuyi	河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 Changli Institute of Pomology，Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
3	霞晖 6 号 Xiahui 6	江苏省农业科学院园艺研究所 Institute of Horticulture，Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
4	中油蟠 7 号 Zhongyoupan 7	中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
5	秋燕 Qiuyan	河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 Changli Institute of Pomology，Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
6	北京晚蜜 Beijing Wanmi	北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所 Institute of Forestry and Pomology，Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
7	大久保 Okubo	日本冈山县赤盘郡熊山町 Kumama Town，Akapa-gun，Okayama Prefecture，Japan
8	21世纪 21 Century	河北科技师范学院 Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology
9	寒公主 Hangongzhu	吉林省农业科学院果树研究所 Fruit Research Institute，Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences
10	中华寿桃 Zhonghua Shoutao	农家选育 Rural Breeding
11	金奥 Jin’ao	美国加利福尼亚州 Zaiger 苗木公司 Zaiger Nursery Company，California，USA
12	金宝 Jinbao	北京市东北义园 Northeast Charity Park，Beijing
13	燕特红 Yantehong	中国农业科学院果树研究所 Institute Of pomology of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
14	金黄金 Jinhuangjin	山东省沂源县果品产销服务中心 Yiyuan County Fruit Production and Marketing Service Center，Shandong Province
15	秋悦 Qiuyue	河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 Changli Institute of Pomology，Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
16	脆保 Cuibao	河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 Changli Institute of Pomology，Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
17	东合1号 Donghe 1	野生半栽培资源 Wild Semi-cultivated Resources
18	珲春 Hunchun	吉林省农业科学院果树研究所 Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences
19	秀峰 Xiufeng	日本长野县曾跟悦夫氏 Nagano Prefecture in Japan once followed the Yuefu clan
20	中油8号 Zhognyou 8	中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
21	春雪 Chunxue	美国加利福尼亚州Dave Wilson 苗圃 Dave Wilson Nursery in California of USA

序号No.	品种Cultivar	选育单位Breeding organization
1	中油 21 号 Zhongyou 21	中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
2	秋怡 Qiuyi	河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 Changli Institute of Pomology，Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
3	霞晖 6 号 Xiahui 6	江苏省农业科学院园艺研究所 Institute of Horticulture，Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
4	中油蟠 7 号 Zhongyoupan 7	中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
5	秋燕 Qiuyan	河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 Changli Institute of Pomology，Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
6	北京晚蜜 Beijing Wanmi	北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所 Institute of Forestry and Pomology，Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
7	大久保 Okubo	日本冈山县赤盘郡熊山町 Kumama Town，Akapa-gun，Okayama Prefecture，Japan
8	21世纪 21 Century	河北科技师范学院 Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology
9	寒公主 Hangongzhu	吉林省农业科学院果树研究所 Fruit Research Institute，Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences
10	中华寿桃 Zhonghua Shoutao	农家选育 Rural Breeding
11	金奥 Jin’ao	美国加利福尼亚州 Zaiger 苗木公司 Zaiger Nursery Company，California，USA
12	金宝 Jinbao	北京市东北义园 Northeast Charity Park，Beijing
13	燕特红 Yantehong	中国农业科学院果树研究所 Institute Of pomology of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
14	金黄金 Jinhuangjin	山东省沂源县果品产销服务中心 Yiyuan County Fruit Production and Marketing Service Center，Shandong Province
15	秋悦 Qiuyue	河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 Changli Institute of Pomology，Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
16	脆保 Cuibao	河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 Changli Institute of Pomology，Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
17	东合1号 Donghe 1	野生半栽培资源 Wild Semi-cultivated Resources
18	珲春 Hunchun	吉林省农业科学院果树研究所 Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences
19	秀峰 Xiufeng	日本长野县曾跟悦夫氏 Nagano Prefecture in Japan once followed the Yuefu clan
20	中油8号 Zhognyou 8	中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
21	春雪 Chunxue	美国加利福尼亚州Dave Wilson 苗圃 Dave Wilson Nursery in California of USA

品种 Cultivar	不同温度下的相对电导率/% Relative electrical conductivity under different temperatures					LT₅₀/℃
品种 Cultivar	0 ℃ （对照Control）	-15 ℃	-20 ℃	-25 ℃	-30 ℃	LT₅₀/℃
中油21号 Zhongyou 21	39.11	50.11	60.55	67.79	77.12	-14.91 defg
秋怡 Qiuyi	38.01	46.69	55.23	65.89	72.93	-16.93 abcd
霞晖6号 Xiahui 6	39.51	47.98	58.31	67.12	75.73	-15.96 bcde
中油蟠7号 Zhongyoupan 7	41.17	49.95	62.65	69.64	77.67	-14.54 efg
秋燕 Qiuyan	36.95	46.68	54.22	63.84	71.18	-17.19 abc
北京晚蜜 Beijing Wanmi	38.24	44.90	51.84	62.94	69.89	-18.17 a
大久保 Okubo	39.64	48.69	60.11	68.96	75.66	-15.24 cdefg
21世纪 21 Century	41.50	51.18	63.35	71.89	78.94	-14.08 efg
寒公主 Hangongzhu	39.63	44.81	50.26	61.85	68.03	-18.70 a
中华寿桃 Zhonghua Shoutao	40.87	52.07	64.16	71.82	78.31	-13.41 fg
金奥 Jin’ao	42.20	53.14	63.92	72.19	79.64	-13.29 fg
金宝 Jinbao	38.56	43.14	52.81	66.79	73.12	-17.03 abc
燕特红 Yantehong	40.66	49.81	60.98	68.65	76.64	-14.72 efg
金黄金 Jinhuangjin	42.84	50.94	65.91	72.94	79.25	-13.54 fg
秋悦 Qiuyue	36.37	45.37	53.19	65.33	72.55	-17.55 ab
脆保 Cuibao	40.73	48.30	60.55	66.30	74.68	-15.32 cdefg
东合1号 Donghe 1	37.91	44.19	52.18	63.41	70.59	-18.24 a
珲春 Hunchun	38.59	44.49	52.38	61.70	69.29	-18.24 a
秀峰 Xiufeng	39.25	48.47	59.79	70.34	76.80	-15.41 cdef
中油8号 Zhognyou 8	40.51	50.55	61.03	69.55	75.33	-14.30 efg
春雪 Chunxue	39.81	48.70	60.94	70.61	75.60	-14.89 defg

品种 Cultivar	不同温度下的相对电导率/% Relative electrical conductivity under different temperatures					LT₅₀/℃
品种 Cultivar	0 ℃ （对照Control）	-15 ℃	-20 ℃	-25 ℃	-30 ℃	LT₅₀/℃
中油21号 Zhongyou 21	39.11	50.11	60.55	67.79	77.12	-14.91 defg
秋怡 Qiuyi	38.01	46.69	55.23	65.89	72.93	-16.93 abcd
霞晖6号 Xiahui 6	39.51	47.98	58.31	67.12	75.73	-15.96 bcde
中油蟠7号 Zhongyoupan 7	41.17	49.95	62.65	69.64	77.67	-14.54 efg
秋燕 Qiuyan	36.95	46.68	54.22	63.84	71.18	-17.19 abc
北京晚蜜 Beijing Wanmi	38.24	44.90	51.84	62.94	69.89	-18.17 a
大久保 Okubo	39.64	48.69	60.11	68.96	75.66	-15.24 cdefg
21世纪 21 Century	41.50	51.18	63.35	71.89	78.94	-14.08 efg
寒公主 Hangongzhu	39.63	44.81	50.26	61.85	68.03	-18.70 a
中华寿桃 Zhonghua Shoutao	40.87	52.07	64.16	71.82	78.31	-13.41 fg
金奥 Jin’ao	42.20	53.14	63.92	72.19	79.64	-13.29 fg
金宝 Jinbao	38.56	43.14	52.81	66.79	73.12	-17.03 abc
燕特红 Yantehong	40.66	49.81	60.98	68.65	76.64	-14.72 efg
金黄金 Jinhuangjin	42.84	50.94	65.91	72.94	79.25	-13.54 fg
秋悦 Qiuyue	36.37	45.37	53.19	65.33	72.55	-17.55 ab
脆保 Cuibao	40.73	48.30	60.55	66.30	74.68	-15.32 cdefg
东合1号 Donghe 1	37.91	44.19	52.18	63.41	70.59	-18.24 a
珲春 Hunchun	38.59	44.49	52.38	61.70	69.29	-18.24 a
秀峰 Xiufeng	39.25	48.47	59.79	70.34	76.80	-15.41 cdef
中油8号 Zhognyou 8	40.51	50.55	61.03	69.55	75.33	-14.30 efg
春雪 Chunxue	39.81	48.70	60.94	70.61	75.60	-14.89 defg

品种 Cultivar	不同温度下的褐变率/% Browning rate under different temperatures
品种 Cultivar	0 ℃（对照Control）	-15 ℃	-20 ℃	-25 ℃	-30 ℃
中油21号 Zhongyou 21	0	28.08 ± 0.45	56.19 ± 1.01	75.31 ± 1.97	94.27 ± 0.99
秋怡 Qiuyi	0	24.08 ± 1.31	54.53 ± 1.81	71.83 ± 1.80	86.17 ± 2.01
霞晖6号 Xiahui 6	0	27.17 ± 0.88	57.46 ± 0.74	73.79 ± 1.45	94.46 ± 1.03
中油蟠7号 Zhongyoupan 7	0	31.36 ± 0.85	62.27 ± 1.96	77.00 ± 0.92	93.05 ± 1.71
秋燕 Qiuyan	0	24.38 ± 0.76	52.14 ± 1.04	69.50 ± 1.56	85.67 ± 2.52
北京晚蜜 Beijing Wanmi	0	16.64 ± 1.14	53.00 ± 4.56	65.06 ± 2.49	82.71 ± 0.44
大久保 Okubo	0	27.31 ± 0.71	56.32 ± 0.71	72.07 ± 1.07	94.57 ± 1.60
21世纪 21 Century	0	33.55 ± 1.80	63.30 ± 1.02	77.75 ± 1.24	95.25 ± 1.01
寒公主 Hangongzhu	0	14.99 ± 0.71	45.41 ± 0.78	62.88 ± 2.46	78.90 ± 1.27
中华寿桃 Zhonghua Shoutao	0	34.08 ± 1.15	64.81 ± 2.49	79.10 ± 0.99	95.66 ± 1.50
金奥 Jin’ao	0	31.90 ± 0.85	72.37 ± 2.00	83.71 ± 1.37	97.07 ± 0.52
金宝 Jinbao	0	23.45 ± 0.83	53.89 ± 1.44	68.28 ± 1.61	85.60 ± 1.84
燕特红 Yantehong	0	25.62 ± 0.68	55.71 ± 0.85	71.29 ± 1.02	94.45 ± 1.29
金黄金 Jinhuangjin	0	33.57 ± 1.43	71.33 ± 1.05	83.68 ± 2.12	97.43 ± 0.79
秋悦 Qiuyue	0	22.23 ± 2.01	53.10 ± 1.37	68.22 ± 2.06	85.18 ± 2.75
脆保 Cuibao	0	27.52 ± 0.74	56.29 ± 1.37	76.06 ± 1.63	92.93 ± 0.99
东合 1 号 Donghe 1	0	16.01 ± 0.26	47.44 ± 0.99	66.43 ± 1.67	82.20 ± 2.26
珲春 Hunchun	0	15.54 ± 0.66	45.89 ± 1.47	62.47 ± 1.54	76.00 ± 1.65
秀峰 Xiufeng	0	26.58 ± 0.80	56.58 ± 1.48	74.78 ± 1.46	93.81 ± 2.56
中油 8 号 Zhognyou 8	0	27.31 ± 0.79	57.19 ± 1.18	75.30 ± 1.42	93.18 ± 1.34
春雪 Chunxue	0	26.12 ± 1.30	57.75 ± 1.44	75.39 ± 1.32	93.90 ± 0.86