外源褪黑素对玫瑰花香的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-1059

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以二年生‘丰花’玫瑰（Rosa rugosa‘Fenghua’）为材料，通过叶面喷施0.1、0.3和0.5 mmol · L^-1的褪黑素，研究其对玫瑰挥发性有机化合物的影响。结果表明，0.3和0.5 mmol · L^-1褪黑素处理花朵直径分别显著增加21.3%和22.2%。0.3 mmol · L^-1处理后，花蕾期香叶醇、香茅醇和甲基丁香酚的含量显著提升，分别提高100.0%、39.1%和52.2%；盛花期香茅醇及单萜衍生物乙酸香茅酯和乙酸香叶酯的含量显著提升，分别提高50.7%、102.2%和108.2%；同时，2-苯乙醇及其衍生物乙酸苯乙酯分别显著提升71.9%和164.8%。以上结果表明，两个花期主要香气成分的含量均随褪黑素浓度增加呈先升后降趋势，在0.3 mmol · L^-1下达到峰值。qRT-PCR分析表明，0.3 mmol · L^-1处理4个萜类以及1个2-苯乙醇合成关键基因RrAADC（芳香族氨基酸脱羧酶）显著上调。病毒诱导基因沉默（VIGS）实验进一步表明，在沉默RrAADC的花瓣中，褪黑素处理可使其表达量以及2-苯乙醇的含量恢复至对照水平，证实RrAADC是褪黑素调控2-苯乙醇积累的关键靶基因。

关键词: 玫瑰, 褪黑素, 挥发性有机化合物, 萜类, 2-苯乙醇, RrAADC

Abstract:

Using two-year-old Rosa rugosa‘Fenghua’plants，we investigated the effects of foliar-applied melatonin（0.1，0.3 and 0.5 mmol · L^-1）on floral volatile organic compound（VOC）emission. Treatment with 0.3 or 0.5 mmol · L^-1melatonin significantly increased flower diameter by 21.3% and 22.2%，respectively. Application of 0.3 mmol · L^-1 melatonin markedly enhanced the contents of key aroma compounds：at the bud stage，geraniol，citronellol，and methyleugenol increased by 100.0%，39.1% and 52.2%，respectively；at full bloom，citronellol and the monoterpene esters citronellyl acetate and geranyl acetate rose by 50.7%，102.2% and 108.2%，respectively. Concurrently，2-phenylethanol and its derivative phenylethyl acetate increased by 71.9% and 164.8%. These results indicated a nonlinear dose-response relationship，where VOC levels peaked at 0.3 mmol · L^-1melatonin and declined at higher concentrations. qRT-PCR analysis showed that 0.3 mmol · L^-1melatonin significantly upregulated four terpenoid biosynthesis-related genes and the key 2-phenylethanol synthesis gene RrAADC（aromatic amino acid decarboxylase）. Virus-induced gene silencing（VIGS）of RrAADC confirmed its central role：melatonin application in silenced petals restored both RrAADC expression and 2-phenylethanol accumulation to wild-type levels，demonstrating that RrAADC is a critical target gene in melatonin-mediated regulation of 2-phenylethanol biosynthesis.

Key words: rose, melatonin, volatile organic compounds, terpenoids, 2-phenylethanol, RrAADC

徐勇, 杨阳, 王若彤, 毛一茹, 冯立国. 外源褪黑素对玫瑰花香的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(2): 574-584.

XU Yong, YANG Yang, WANG Ruotong, MAO Yiru, FENG Liguo. Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Rose Fragrance[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(2): 574-584.

图/表 5

表1 用于qRT-PCR分析及基因克隆的特异性引物

Table 1 Primers for qRT-PCR analysis or gene cloning

基因ID Gene ID	基因Gene	编码的酶Encoded enzyme	引物序列Primer sequences
Rru04G032370.1	RrDXS	1-脱氧-D-木酮糖-5-磷酸合酶1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase	F：CAAGTTGTTTCCGGTACCCAA
Rru04G032370.1	RrDXS	1-脱氧-D-木酮糖-5-磷酸合酶1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase	R：ATCCATAGCCCAAGAGTGCAA
Rru07G014880.1	RrDXR	1-脱氧-D-木酮糖-5-磷酸还原异构酶1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase	F：ATTTGTTCTTCCTCTTGCACAC
Rru07G014880.1	RrDXR		R：GCTGTCAAAATGATACGCCGAA
Rru07G036650.1	RrMCT	2-C-甲基-D-赤藓糖醇-4-磷酸胞苷转移酶2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase	F：TTTTAAGCCAGCCTATTGCAT
Rru07G036650.1	RrMCT		R：GCAACGTGAATTTAAGTTCCG
Rru06G031540.1	RrGPPS	香叶基焦磷酸合酶 Geranyl diphosphate synthase	F：GCCTTCAGATCTTGTGCCAG
Rru06G031540.1	RrGPPS	香叶基焦磷酸合酶 Geranyl diphosphate synthase	R：TTCAACCGCATTAGGCCCTC
Rru02G052860.1	RrNUDX	核苷酸二磷酸水解酶 Nucleoside diphosphate hydrolase	F：GCGCACCTATCCGAACGCGA
Rru02G052860.1	RrNUDX	核苷酸二磷酸水解酶 Nucleoside diphosphate hydrolase	R：GCGCACCTATCCGAACGCGA
Rru05G045820.1	RrPAR	苯乙醛还原酶 Phenylacetaldehyde reductase	F：AGCTGTACCCTGATTTGCAACTTCC
Rru05G045820.1	RrPAR	苯乙醛还原酶 Phenylacetaldehyde reductase	R：ACCCAAGCTCTTTGCCTTTTCTTTGG
Rru01G008380.1	RrAADC	芳香族氨基酸脱羧酶 Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase	F：ACGCCGAATTGGTAGCGAGA
			R：GGCCCGGAAGTTCTCCATGT
			^*F：ATGGGTAGCCTCCCATTCCAC
			^*R：TGAGAGTTCGGGTATCAAATTGACC
Rru03G012520.1	RrPPDC	苯丙酮酸脱羧酶 Phenylpyruvate decarboxylase	F：GCAACTTGGCCGGGATTCCT
Rru03G012520.1	RrPPDC	苯丙酮酸脱羧酶 Phenylpyruvate decarboxylase	R：TGCCTCCACTGCAGCCTCTA
	5.8S （内参基因 Reference）	5.8S 核糖体 RNA 5.8S rDNA	F：CGGCAACGGATATCTCGG
	5.8S （内参基因 Reference）	5.8S 核糖体 RNA 5.8S rDNA	R：TGTGACGCCCAGGCAGACG

图1 不同浓度褪黑素处理对玫瑰花朵大小（A）、花瓣表皮细胞形态及大小（B、C）和叶片叶绿素a、b含量（D、E）的影响采用单因素方差分析差异显著性，* P < 0.05、** P < 0.01、*** P < 0.001。下同

Fig. 1 Effects of different concentrations of melatonin treatment on rose flower size（A），petal epidermal cell morphology and area（B，C），and chlorophyll a and b content（D，E） Analysis of variance was used to assess the significance of differences. * P < 0.05，** P < 0.01，*** P < 0.001. The same below

图2 不同浓度褪黑素处理对玫瑰花蕾期（A）和盛花期（B）主要香气成分含量（FW）的影响

Fig. 2 Effects of different concentrations of melatonin on the content of major aroma components（FW）in rose buds（A）and full-blooming stage（B）

图3 外源褪黑素处理对玫瑰萜类和2-苯乙醇合成途径关键基因表达量的影响

Fig. 3 Effect of exogenous melatonin on expression of key genes in rose terpenoid and 2-phenylethanol biosynthesis

图4 玫瑰（Rr）、月季（RC）与拟南芥（At）AADC基因家族系统进化树（A）及基于VIGS的褪黑素响应验证（B和C）

Fig. 4 Phylogenetic tree（A）of the AADC gene family in Rosa rugosa（Rr），R. chinensis（RC），and Arabidopsis thaliana（At），and melatonin response validation based on VIGS（B and C）

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