‘梨香’菊花香成分鉴定及香气特征分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0494

园艺学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 496-512.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0494

‘梨香’菊花香成分鉴定及香气特征分析

张鹏^*, 叶新茹^*, 栗华隆, 陈昱媛, 孙明^**(), 唐玉超^**()

北京林业大学园林学院，林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室，花卉种质创新与分子育种北京市重点实验室，国家花卉工程技术研究中心，城乡生态环境北京实验室，园林环境教育部工程研究中心，林木花卉遗传育种教育部重点实验室，北京 100083

收稿日期:2025-05-31 修回日期:2025-12-05 出版日期:2026-02-25 发布日期:2026-02-12
通讯作者:
^** E-mail：sunmingbjfu@163.com，
E-mail：tangyuchao@bjfu.edu.cn
作者简介:
^*共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31971708); 国家自然科学基金项目(32271947); 雄安新区科技计划项目(XA202501102005K)

Identification of Floral Fragrance Components and Analysis of Aroma Characteristics of Chrysanthemum × morifolium‘Lixiang’

ZHANG Peng, YE Xinru, LI Hualong, CHEN Yuyuan, SUN Ming^**(), TANG Yuchao^**()

State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources，Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding，National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture，Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment，Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education，Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education，School of Landscape Architecture，Beijing Forestry University，Beijing 100083，China

Received:2025-05-31 Revised:2025-12-05 Published:2026-02-25 Online:2026-02-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以‘梨香’菊（Chrysanthemum × morifolium‘Lixiang’）为材料，采用顶空吸附法，结合自动热脱附—气相色谱—质谱联用技术对‘梨香’菊不同阶段（花蕾期、半开期和盛开期，14：00）以及不同时间点（6：00、22：00）盛开期的花香物质进行测定和分析，并利用主成分分析、层次聚类分析和偏最小二乘判别分析，构建‘梨香’菊花朵挥发物的判别模型并确定差异挥发性组分，最后计算相对气味活度值（ROAV），解析‘梨香’菊花朵的香气特征。不同开花阶段及时间点下共检测出86种花香物质，其中39种为共有，盛开期14：00花朵中的挥发物种类最多（68种）、释放量最高（4 032.57 ng · g^-1 · h^-1）。86种花香物质被划分为4类，其中萜类挥发物最多、释放量最大，且α-蒎烯为‘梨香’菊花香物质中含量最高的挥发物。利用VIP值和P值，在不同开花阶段/时间点下的‘梨香’菊花朵中共筛选出24种差异挥发物。通过ROAV分析，确定了4种关键的特征香气成分，其中异丁酸乙酯的气味贡献度最高，赋予了‘梨香’菊花朵果香的特性，α-蒎烯、2-甲基丙酸丙酯和(Z)-β-罗勒烯分别赋予树脂香/松木香、果香和萜类的特性。

关键词: 菊花, 挥发性有机化合物, 气相色谱—质谱联用, 偏最小二乘判别分析, 相对气味活度值

Abstract:

In this study，Chrysanthemum × morifolium‘Lixiang’was used as the material，and the headspace adsorption（HSA）method combined with automatic thermal desorption-gas chromatography- mass spectrometry（ATD-GC-MS）was utilized to analyze the floral fragrance of‘Lixiang’flowers at bud stage，half-open stage，and peak flowering stage at 14：00，as well as at peak flowering stage at 6：00 and 22：00. The principal component analysis（PCA），hierarchical clustering analysis（HCA）and partial least squares discriminant analysis（PLS-DA）were employed to construct a discriminant model for the volatile organic compounds（VOCs）and to identify differential VOCs. Finally，the relative odor activity value（ROAV）was calculated to analyze the aroma characteristics. A total of 86 VOCs were detected across different flowering stages and time points，with 39 common to all. At 14：00 during the peak flowering stage，both the highest number of VOC types（68）and the highest emission rate（4 032.57 ng · g^-1 · h^-1）were observed. The 86 VOCs were classified into 4 categories，terpenes exhibited both the highest number and emission levels of VOCs at all sampling points，α-pinene was the most abundant VOC in the fragrance of‘Lixiang’. Using VIP scores and P values，a total of 24 differential volatiles were screened. ROAV analysis identified 4 key characteristic aroma components，ethyl isobutyrate provided the highest odor contribution value，imparting a characteristic fruity fragrance to‘Lixiang’flowers，α-pinene，propyl 2-methylpropanoate and (Z)-β-ocimene imparted resin/pine-like，fruity and terpene fragrance characteristics，respectively.

Key words: Chrysanthemum × morifolium, volatile organic compounds, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, partial least squares discriminant analysis, relative odor activity value

张鹏, 叶新茹, 栗华隆, 陈昱媛, 孙明, 唐玉超. ‘梨香’菊花香成分鉴定及香气特征分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(2): 496-512.

ZHANG Peng, YE Xinru, LI Hualong, CHEN Yuyuan, SUN Ming, TANG Yuchao. Identification of Floral Fragrance Components and Analysis of Aroma Characteristics of Chrysanthemum × morifolium‘Lixiang’[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(2): 496-512.

图/表 8

参考文献 37

[38]	Zhang Huixiu, Leng Pingsheng, Hu Zenghui, Zhao Jing, Wang Wenhe, Xu Fang. 2013. The floral scent emitted from Lilium‘Siberia’at different flowering stages and diurnal variation. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 40 (4):693-702. (in Chinese)
	张辉秀, 冷平生, 胡增辉, 赵静, 王文和, 徐芳. 2013. ‘西伯利亚’百合花香随开花进程变化及日变化规律. 园艺学报, 40 (4):693-702.
[39]	Zhang Jingjing. 2021. Study on evaluation of fruit aroma of 144 pear variety resources based on GC-MS[M. D. Dissertation]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University. (in Chinese)
	张晶晶. 2021. 基于GC-MS的144份梨品种资源果实香气评价研究[硕士论文]. 南京: 南京农业大学.
[40]	Zhang P, Ma X O, Zhang Q, Guo Z Y, Hao J Y, Zhang Z X, Sun M, Liu Y. 2023. Determination of volatile organic compounds and endogenous extracts and study of expression patterns of TPS and BSMT in the flowers of seven Lilium cultivars. Molecules, 28 (24):7938.
[41]	Zhang Peng, Guo Ziyu, Feng Yuan, Wu Lixue, Liang Yilin, Guo Jinqing, Zhang Qixiang, Sun Ming. 2023. Identification of fragrance constituents and expression analysis of key genes in four lily varieties at different flowering stages. Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Sciences Edition), 45 (5):1145-1156. (in Chinese)
	张鹏, 郭子雨, 冯缘, 吴利雪, 梁苡琳, 郭金庆, 张启翔, 孙明. 2023. 4种百合不同花期花香成分鉴定与关键基因表达研究. 云南大学学报(自然科学版), 45 (5):1145-1156.
[42]	Zhang Wanbo, Ma Xiaoying, Chen Sumei, Chen Fadi, Jiang Yifan. 2022. Diversity of floral volatiles in cut chrysanthemum with different flower types and diameters. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 45 (4):675-683. (in Chinese)
	张万博, 马晓莹, 陈素梅, 陈发棣, 姜一凡. 2022. 不同花型及花径切花菊花香挥发物多样性分析. 南京农业大学学报, 45 (4):675-683.
[43]	Zhang Ying, Li Xinlei, Wang Yan, Tian Min, Fan Miaohua. 2011. Changes of aroma components in Oncidium Sharry Baby in different florescence and flower parts. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 44 (1):110-117. (in Chinese)
	张莹, 李辛雷, 王雁, 田敏, 范妙华. 2011. 文心兰不同花期及花朵不同部位香气成分的变化. 中国农业科学, 44 (1):110-117.
[44]	Zhao Ou. 2014. Analysis of volatile oil in Chrysanthemum from different habitat by GC/MS. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 53 (12):2898-2901. (in Chinese)
	赵欧. 2014. 不同产地菊花挥发油的GC/MS分析. 湖北农业科学, 53 (12):2898-2901.
[45]	Zheng Y C, Wang P J, Chen X J, Sun Y, Yue C, Ye N X. 2019. Transcriptome and metabolite profiling reveal novel insights into volatile heterosis in the tea plant(Camellia sinensis). Molecules, 24 (18):3380.
[46]	Zhou Xiaoye, Jiang Xiwang, Zhen Hongyan. 2015. Progress of antineoplastic activities of chrysanthemum essential oils’ main ingredients on multiple tumor cells. Journal of Jianghan University(Natural Science Edition), 43 (4):376-381. (in Chinese)
	周晓叶, 蒋细旺, 镇鸿燕. 2015. 菊花挥发油主要成分对肿瘤抗性的研究进展. 江汉大学学报(自然科学版), 43 (4):376-381.
[1]	Chen Junyu. 2001. China flower varieties taxonomy. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House. (in Chinese)
	陈俊愉. 2001. 中国花卉品种分类学. 北京: 中国林业出版社.
[2]	Cheng Huan, Chen Jianle, Zhou Xiaozhou, Chen Rongrong, Liu Donghong, Ye Xingqian. 2016. Advances in identification and biosynthetic pathway of key aroma in fruits. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 16 (1):211-218. (in Chinese)
	程焕, 陈健乐, 周晓舟, 陈荣荣, 刘东红, 叶兴乾. 2016. 水果香气物质分析及合成途径研究进展. 中国食品学报, 16 (1):211-218.
[3]	Deng Xiwei, Zhou Zhenglian, Yi Yaqiao, Wu Zhaoli, Liu Zhujun, Zou Yifan, Xu Minjie, Zhai Xiaosen, Zhou Shangqi, Li Yi. 2014. Recent advance in flavonoids and volatile oils from chrysanthemum. Journal of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 34 (11):61-64. (in Chinese)
	邓玺玮, 周正莲, 易亚乔, 吴兆黎, 刘竹筠, 邹逸凡, 徐敏杰, 翟晓森, 周上琪, 李毅. 2014. 菊花中黄酮类化合物及挥发油的研究进展. 湖南中医药大学学报, 34 (11):61-64.
[4]	Dudareva N, Pichersky E. 2000. Biochemical and molecular genetic aspects of floral scents. Plant Physiology, 122 (3):627-633.
[5]	Feng Liguo, Sheng Lixia, Zhao Lanyong, Yu Xiaoyan, Shao Dawei, He Xiaodi. 2008. Changes of the aroma constituents and contents in the course of Rosa rugosa Thunb. flower development. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 41 (12):4341-4351. (in Chinese)
	冯立国, 生利霞, 赵兰勇, 于晓艳, 邵大伟, 何小弟. 2008. 玫瑰花发育过程中芳香成分及含量的变化. 中国农业科学, 41 (12):4341-4351.
[6]	Feng M M, Dai Z T, Yin Z S, Wang X C, Chen S S, Zhang H C. 2021. The volatile flavor compounds of Shanghai smoked fish as a special delicacy. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 45 (1):13553.
[7]	Gemert L J V. 2011. Odour thresholds:compilations of odour threshold values in air,water and other media. The Netherlands:Oliemans Punter & Partners BV.
[8]	Guo Changhong, Huang Aihua, Xu Hanxiang. 2012. Analysis of volatile oil from Flos Chrysanthemi by GC-MS. Frontiers in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15 (3):351-353. (in Chinese)
	郭昌洪, 黄爱华, 许汉香. 2012. 菊花挥发油成分的GC-MS分析. 药学前沿, 15 (3):351-353.
[9]	Guo Y H, Guo Z Y, Zhong J, Liang Y L, Feng Y, Zhang P, Zhang Q X, Sun M. 2023. Positive regulatory role of R2R3 MYBs in terpene biosynthesis in Lilium‘Siberia’. Horticultural Plant Journal, 9 (5):1024-1038.
[10]	Han Naixuan, Ma Chengying, Li Min, Wang Xueshan, Tan Wei, Liu Lin, Sun Zhongguan. 2024. Analysis of aroma components of hawthorn glutinous rice wine fermented under different conditions using an electronic nose and GC-IMS. Food and Fermentation Industries, 50 (23):312-320. (in Chinese)
	韩乃瑄, 马成莹, 李敏, 王雪山, 谭伟, 刘琳, 孙中贯. 2024. 电子鼻和GC-IMS联用分析不同条件发酵山楂糯米酒的香气成分. 食品与发酵工业, 50 (23):312-320.
[11]	He Wanlin. 2024. Changes and synthetic pathway of volatile aroma components in pear fruit during different developmental stages[M. D. Dissertation]. Zhenjiang: Jiangsu University. (in Chinese)
	何婉琳. 2024. 梨果实不同发育期挥发性香气成分变化及其合成途径研究[硕士论文]. 镇江: 江苏大学.
[12]	Jiang Y F, Zhang W B, Chen X L, Wang W J, Köllner T G, Chen S M, Chen F D, Chen F. 2021. Diversity and biosynthesis of volatile terpenoid secondary metabolites in the Chrysanthemum genus. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 40 (5):422-445.
[13]	Kong Y, Sun M, Pan H T, Zhang Q X. 2012. Composition and emission rhythm of floral scent volatiles from eight lily cut flowers. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 137 (6):376-382.
[14]	Kumar A, Singh S P, Bhakuni R S. 2005. Secondary metabolites of Chrysanthemum genus and their biological activities. Current Science (Bangalore), 89 (9):1489-1501.
[15]	Li Y Q, Bao T T, Zhang J, Li H J, Shan X T, Yan H J, Kimani S, Zhang L S, Gao X. 2025. The coordinated interaction or regulation between floral pigments and volatile organic compounds. Horticultural Plant Journal, 11 (2):463-485.
[16]	Li Zuguang, Li Xinhua, Gao Jianrong, Liu Wenhan. 2005. Study on chemical constituents of fragrance released from fresh flowers of Syringa oblata var. affinis during different florescences. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 25 (4):63-66. (in Chinese)
	李祖光, 李新华, 高建荣, 刘文涵. 2005. 白丁香鲜花在不同开花期的香气化学成分研究. 林产化学与工业, 25 (4):63-66.
[17]	Lindhorst A C, Steinhaus M. 2016. Aroma-active compounds in the fruit of the hardy kiwi (Actinidia arguta)cultivars Ananasnaya,Bojnice,and Dumbarton Oaks:differences to common kiwifruit(Actinidia deliciosa ‘Hayward’). European Food Research and Technology, 242 (6):967-975.
[18]	Luo C, Chen D L, Cheng X, Liu H, Li Y H, Huang C L. 2018. SSR analysis of genetic relationship and classification in chrysanthemum germplasm collection. Horticultural Plant Journal, 4 (2):73-82.
[19]	Ma Xiaoying. 2021. Identification and sensory evaluation of floral volatile organic compounds in cut chrysanthemum[M. D. Dissertation]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University. (in Chinese)
	马晓莹. 2021. 切花菊花香挥发物成分鉴定与感官评价分析[硕士论文]. 南京: 南京农业大学.
[20]	Mao Jing. 2006. Studies on traditional chrysanthemum culture of China[M. D. Dissertation]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University. (in Chinese)
	毛静. 2006. 中国传统菊花文化研究[硕士论文]. 武汉: 华中农业大学.
[21]	Miao Yiwen, Zhou Jingyun, Yang Chunming, Luo Zhengfei, Wang Yi, Gong Zhengli, Tong Huarong. 2024. Analysis of quality in shoumei white tea from different tea plant varieties. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 45 (15):283-294. (in Chinese)
	缪伊雯, 周静芸, 杨春明, 罗正飞, 汪毅, 龚正礼, 童华荣. 2024. 不同茶树品种寿眉白茶品质分析. 食品工业科技, 45 (15):283-294.
[22]	Munafo J J P, Didzbalis J, Schnell R J, Schieberle P, Steinhaus M. 2014. Characterization of the major aroma-active compounds in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars haden,white alfonso,praya sowoy,royal special,and malindi by application of a comparative aroma extract dilution analysis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62 (20):4544-4551.
[23]	Shao Huihui. 2020. “Xiangfei”in chrysanthemum field—Lixiangju. Flowers, 2:21. (in Chinese)
	邵会会. 2020. 菊花界的“香妃”——梨香菊. 花卉, 2:21.
[24]	Shao Huihui. 2023. Study on the technique of in vitro rapid propagation of Chrysanthemum curiosa Lixiangju. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 51 (11):70-72,103. (in Chinese)
	邵会会. 2023. 菊花珍品梨香菊离体快繁技术研究. 安徽农业科学, 51 (11):70-72,103.
[25]	Su Jiangshuo, Jia Diwen, Wang Siyue, Zhang Fei, Jiang Jiafu, Chen Sumei, Fang Weimin, Chen Fadi. 2022. Retrospection and prospect of chrysanthemum genetic breeding for last six decades in China. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 49 (10):2143-2162. (in Chinese)
	苏江硕, 贾棣文, 王思悦, 张飞, 蒋甲福, 陈素梅, 房伟民, 陈发棣. 2022. 中国菊花遗传育种60年回顾与展望. 园艺学报, 49 (10):2143-2162.
[26]	Teixeira D S J A, Shinoyama H, Aida R, Matsushita Y, Raj S K, Chen F D. 2013. Chrysanthemum biotechnology:Quo vadis? Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 32 (1):2152.
[27]	Vandendool H, Kratz P D. 1963. A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas-liquid partition chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 11:463-471.
[28]	Wan Anping, Zhou Xiong, Feng Yulin, Liu Jun, He Yao, Li Xiang, Zhang Jing. 2023. Preparation and evaluation of polymer micellar thermosensitive gelof Chinese medicinal chrysanthemum volatile oil. Chinese Journal of New Drugs, 32 (11):1163-1170. (in Chinese)
	万安平, 周雄, 冯育林, 刘骏, 何瑶, 李翔, 张婧. 2023. 中药菊花挥发油聚合物胶束温敏凝胶的制备与评价. 中国新药杂志, 32 (11):1163-1170.
[29]	Wang C Z, Su Y, Li D, Cai B, Guo Y L. 2010. Analysis of volatile organic compounds from Dendranthema indicum var. aromaticum by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and accurate mass measurement. Analytical Letters, 43 (15):2297-2310.
[30]	Wang Huan. 2015. Cloning and characterization of an LiBSMT gene involved in methyl benzoate production in Lilium[M. D. Dissertation]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University. (in Chinese)
	王欢. 2015. 百合苯甲酸甲酯代谢相关LiBSMT基因的克隆与分析[硕士论文]. 北京: 北京林业大学.
[31]	Wang S Y, Zhao F, Wu W X, Wang P J, Ye N X. 2020. Comparison of volatiles in different jasmine tea grade samples using electronic nose and automatic thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry followed by multivariate statistical analysis. Molecules, 25 (2):380.
[32]	Wu Dandan, Lin Menghua, Li Yahui, Liang Ying, Zhang Zhiyong. 2025. The fruit quality variation of‘Yuluxiang’pear at different picking stages and storage time. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 52 (6):1553-1574. (in Chinese)
	吴丹丹, 林梦桦, 李亚辉, 梁颖, 张志勇. 2025. ‘玉露香’梨不同采摘期及贮藏期果实品质变化分析. 园艺学报, 52 (6):1553-1574.
[33]	Xie Chao, Wang Jianhui, Gong Zhengli. 2008. Analysis on aromatic constituents of fragrant flower[Chimonathus praecox(L.) Link] in aroma releasing. Journal of Tea Science, 28 (4):282-288. (in Chinese)
	谢超, 王建晖, 龚正礼. 2008. 腊梅释香过程中香气成分的分析研究. 茶叶科学, 28 (4):282-288.
[34]	Xiong Mengfan, Lu Qian, Chen Zewen, Li Liting, Ren Ling, Dong Rui, Zhou Hongjie, Li Yali. 2025. HS-SPME-GC-MS technology combined with ROAV analysis of key aroma compounds in three black teas from the Wuzhishan tea region. Modern Food Science and Technology, 41 (1):251-261. (in Chinese)
	熊梦钒, 鲁倩, 陈泽文, 李利亭, 任玲, 董蕊, 周红杰, 李亚莉. 2025. HS-SPME-GC-MS技术结合ROAV分析五指山茶区三种红茶的关键香气物质. 现代食品科技, 41 (1):251-261.
[35]	Xu Hui, Yao Xiazhen, Tong Keke, Xing Zhen, Li Yao. 2023. Analysis of volatile components in different parts of flowerorgans of three species of tree peony. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition), 47 (3):63-69. (in Chinese)
	徐慧, 姚霞珍, 佟珂珂, 邢震, 李垚. 2023. 3种牡丹花器官不同部位挥发性成分分析. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 47 (3):63-69.
[36]	Yin Hongxu, Yang Yanqin, Yao Yuefeng, Zhang Mingming, Wang Jiaqin, Jiang Yongwen, Yuan Haibo. 2019. Discrimination of different characteristics of chestnut-like green tea based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical data analysis. Food Science, 40 (4):192-198. (in Chinese)
	尹洪旭, 杨艳芹, 姚月凤, 张铭铭, 王家勤, 江用文, 袁海波. 2019. 基于气相色谱-质谱技术与多元统计分析对不同栗香特征绿茶判别分析. 食品科学, 40 (4):192-198.
[37]	Yun J, Cui C J, Zhang S H, Zhu J J, Peng C Y, Cai H M, Yang X G, Hou R Y. 2021. Use of headspace GC/MS combined with chemometric analysis to identify the geographic origins of black tea. Food Chemistry, 360:130033.

挥发物 Volatile	CAS号 CAS Number	RI			挥发物含量/（ng · g^-1 · h^-1）Volatile content（Mean ± SE）
		RI			14：00			6：00	22：00
		参考 Refe rence		计算 Calcula-ted	花蕾期 Bud stage	半开期 Half-open stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage		盛开期 Peak flowering stage
萜类 Terpenes
葑烯 Fenchene	514-14-7	899	905		—	1.74 ± 0.06	0.90 ± 0.43	0.33 ± 0.02		—
冰片烯 Bornylene	464-17-5	908	915		6.15 ± 3.15	47.91 ± 17.82	9.14 ± 6.46	2.17 ± 0.15		1.37 ± 0.14
三环萜 Tricyclene	508-32-7	926	923		4.09 ± 1.22	137.06 ± 62.85	110.09 ± 18.15	5.86 ± 0.75		8.46 ± 0.96
α-侧柏烯 α-Thujene	2867-05-2	927	927		11.30 ± 3.68	90.48 ± 67.52	106.40 ± 25.29	13.72 ± 3.83		15.81 ± 1.18
α-蒎烯 α-Pinene	80-56-8	939	939		242.90 ± 44.32	1 080.62 ± 141.17	1 297.67 ± 334.26	444.52 ± 68.96		461.22 ± 53.18
莰烯 Camphene	79-92-5	952	951		44.79 ± 9.75	230.72 ± 74.34	246.62 ± 34.63	67.80 ± 5.43		74.86 ± 9.91
脱氢桧烯 Dehydrosabinene	36262-09-6	955	954		0.70 ± 0.18	3.20 ± 0.74	3.26 ± 0.64	1.41 ± 0.17		1.91 ± 0.29
桧烯 Sabinene	3387-41-5	973	973		7.43 ± 0.89	47.97 ± 18.44	97.70 ± 20.63	13.38 ± 3.03		10.94 ± 2.64
β-蒎烯 β-Pinene	127-91-3	977	977		7.39 ± 1.75	40.50 ± 15.00	50.38 ± 3.78	10.40 ± 1.57		9.57 ± 2.10
月桂烯 Myrcene	123-35-3	989	989		2.73 ± 0.35	12.19 ± 3.46	39.55 ± 11.97	3.96 ± 0.95		4.09 ± 0.65
α-水芹烯 α-Phellandrene	99-83-2	1 006	1 006		0.93 ± 0.27	15.08 ± 10.38	6.41 ± 0.64	1.10 ± 0.18		1.25 ± 0.17
4-蒈烯 4-Carene	29050-33-7	1 011	1 009		—	—	—	0.46 ± 0.07		—
α-萜品烯 α-Terpinene	99-86-5	1 017	1 017		1.50 ± 0.44	8.30 ± 2.77	18.31 ± 3.90	1.45 ± 0.42		1.16 ± 0.27
柠檬烯 Limonene	138-86-3	1 031	1 030		22.65 ± 4.13	74.57 ± 17.6	110.03 ± 13.28	19.55 ± 2.87		37.71 ± 5.75
β-水芹烯 β-Phellandrene	555-10-2	1 031	1 031		—	—	14.89 ± 2.71	—		—
桉叶油醇 Eucalyptol	470-82-6	1 033	1 033		0.85 ± 0.21	2.59 ± 0.28	10.78 ± 3.96	0.79 ± 0.18		2.32 ± 1.01
(Z)-β-罗勒烯 (Z)-β-Ocimene	3338-55-4	1 034	1 036		2.16 ± 0.57	12.77 ± 4.54	15.41 ± 1.81	2.70 ± 0.31		3.43 ± 0.51
(E)-β-罗勒烯 (E)-β-Ocimene	3779-61-1	1 047	1 047		—	—	1.19 ± 0.52	—		—
γ-松油烯 γ-Terpinene	99-85-4	1 059	1 059		2.91 ± 0.62	14.64 ± 4.04	44.19 ± 16.82	3.48 ± 0.86		3.74 ± 0.99
4-侧柏醇 4-Thujanol	546-79-2	1 070	1 070		2.43 ± 1.46	6.74 ± 2.32	36.44 ± 1.75	2.23 ± 0.90		7.90 ± 6.80
萜品油烯 Terpinolene	586-62-9	1 086	1 086		1.21 ± 0.37	7.42 ± 2.77	9.90 ± 1.87	1.16 ± 0.28		1.18 ± 0.21
Filifolone	4613-37-0	1 109	1 100		8.23 ± 3.42	21.60 ± 6.37	139.28 ± 9.59	8.49 ± 2.72		13.06 ± 8.25
反式-菊醇 trans-Chrysanthenol	38043-83-3	1 114	1 114		—	—	28.44 ± 13.35	—		4.83 ± 1.51
(+)-菊油环酮 (+)-Chrysanthenone	473-06-3	1 121	1 121		2.81 ± 1.32	7.25 ± 3.09	52.55 ± 2.30	2.65 ± 0.88		6.60 ± 5.55
龙脑烯醛 α-Campholenal	4501-58-0	1 127	1 127		—	2.13 ± 0.84	14.81 ± 5.24	—		—
别罗勒烯 Alloocimene	3016-19-1	1 140	1 129		0.79 ± 0.01	2.51 ± 0.91	2.81 ± 0.93	0.62 ± 0.10		0.56 ± 0.03
(-)-反式-松香芹醇(-)-trans-Pinocarveol	547-61-5	1 142	1 142		—	—	—	0.44 ± 0.02		—
D-樟脑 D-Camphor	464-49-3	1 141	1 147		19.26 ± 12.48	51.98 ± 22.27	305.95 ± 10.77	21.36 ± 8.23		43.42 ± 38.83
香芹蒎酮 Pinocarvone	30460-92-5	1 164	1 163		1.07 ± 0.44	2.78 ± 0.47	9.45 ± 3.33	1.43 ± 0.33		3.27 ± 2.47
冰片 Borneol	507-70-0	1 172	1 172		0.99 ± 0.52	2.03 ± 0.55	8.30 ± 2.80	1.25 ± 0.14		—
4-萜烯醇 Terpinen-4-ol	562-74-3	1 181	1 181		—	—	0.88 ± 0.42	—		—
马苄烯酮 Verbenone	80-57-9	1 191	1 189		1.00 ± 0.62	2.74 ± 1.29	25.62 ± 2.12	0.93 ± 0.38		—
桃金娘烯醛 Myrtenal	564-94-3	1 195	1 195		-	1.57 ± 0.12	0.68 ± 0.12	0.45 ± 0.13		3.27 ± 2.20
马鞭草烯酮 Levoverbenone	1196-01-6	1 204	1 208		0.65 ± 0.15	2.59 ± 0.15	6.88 ± 2.25	1.29 ± 0.35		3.32 ± 2.48
(E)-乙酸菊烯酯 (E)-Chrysanthenyl acetate	50764-55-1	1 239	1 231		-	1.20 ± 0.45	61.62 ± 12.55	1.07 ± 0.14		1.53 ± 0.79
(E)-罗勒烯酮 (E)-Ocimenone	33746-72-4	1 239	1 238		1.59 ± 0.90	4.33 ± 2.18	36.38 ± 3.09	1.54 ± 0.54		4.45 ± 3.83
D-香芹酮 D-Carvone	2244-16-8	1 245	1 244		—	—	0.57 ± 0.30	—		—
(Z)-乙酸菊烯酯 (Z)-Chrysanthenyl acetate	67999-48-8	1 253	1 257		—	1.63 ± 0.68	8.94 ± 0.18	1.30 ± 0.15		—
异胡椒酮 Isopiperitenone	529-01-1	1 271	1 269		2.36 ± 1.54	6.92 ± 3.27	45.51 ± 21.82	2.59 ± 0.92		—
乙酸龙脑酯 Bornyl acetate	76-49-3	1 285	1 285		2.19 ± 1.85	4.56 ± 1.79	22.18 ± 0.27	2.69 ± 1.30		—
胡椒烯酮 Piperitenone	491-09-8	1 342	1 339		—	—	8.30 ± 2.62	—		—
长叶烯 Longifolene	475-20-7	1 414	1 413		0.35 ± 0.02	—	0.92 ± 0.19	—		0.83 ± 0.08
β-石竹烯 β-Caryophyllene	87-44-5	1 421	1 423		—	—	—	0.71 ± 0.11		—
苯丙素类/苯环类 Phenylpropanoids/benzenoids
甲苯 Toluene	108-88-3	762	764		44.35 ± 12.11	133.29 ± 47.09	218.63 ± 36.57	23.58 ± 5.95		63.82 ± 19.38
乙苯 Ethylbenzene	100-41-4	857	859		7.68 ± 7.39	—	—	0.44 ± 0.03		0.81 ± 0.05
对二甲苯 p-Xylene	106-42-3	867	868		1.79 ± 0.29	—	4.44 ± 0.02	1.56 ± 0.19		2.88 ± 0.12
苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde	100-52-7	961	961		0.62 ± 0.12	1.36 ± 0.24	1.50 ± 0.17	0.65 ± 0.14		1.15 ± 0.21
偏三甲苯 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene	95-63-6	993	993		—	—	0.64 ± 0.24	—		—
2-甲基-3-苯基-1- 丙烯 2-Methyl-3-phenyl-1-propene	3290-53-7	1 014	1 008		—	1.52 ± 0.44	—	—		—
4-异丙基甲苯 p-Cymene	99-87-6	1 024	1 024		3.74 ± 1.01	19.35 ± 6.76	38.28 ± 9.02	4.90 ± 0.76		4.71 ± 0.97
苯乙酮 Acetophenone	98-86-2	1 065	1 065		0.40 ± 0.02	0.78 ± 0.08	1.55 ± 0.06	0.58 ± 0.00		0.72 ± 0.09
4-异丙烯基甲苯 4-Isopropenyltoluene	1195-32-0	1 090	1 090		1.34 ± 0.39	7.77 ± 2.76	7.34 ± 1.63	1.82 ± 0.20		1.94 ± 0.52
萘 Naphthalene	91-20-3	1 185	1 185		0.44 ± 0.10	0.76 ± 0.06	2.67 ± 0.53	0.27 ± 0.03		0.59 ± 0.04
5-甲基-2-（丙-1- 烯-2-基）苯酚 8,9-Dehydrothymol	18612-99-2	1 221	1 215		0.66 ± 0.33	1.69 ± 0.58	15.96 ± 1.82	0.65 ± 0.06		—
脂肪酸衍生物 Fatty acid derivatives
3-甲基己烷 3-Methylhexane	589-34-4	676	685		—	—	—	—		1.95 ± 0.23
1-庚烯 1-Heptene	592-76-7	695	696		11.71 ± 2.05	25.42 ± 6.40	16.42 ± 4.16	7.60 ± 2.48		17.60 ± 3.88
庚烷 Heptane	142-82-5	700	702		—	—	—	—		2.44 ± 0.13
乙酸丙酯 Propyl acetate	109-60-4	714	714		0.46 ± 0.09	—	—	—		0.80 ± 0.06
甲基环己烷 Methylcyclohexane	108-87-2	720	722		—	—	—	—		1.74 ± 0.11
异戊醇 Isoamylol	123-51-3	734	735		1.44 ± 0.09	—	—	—		—
异丁酸乙酯 Ethyl isobutyrate	97-62-1	756	756		1.58 ± 0.33	4.70 ± 1.56	7.69 ± 3.59	0.85 ± 0.21		2.86 ± 0.41
乙酸异丁酯 Isobutyl acetate	110-19-0	770	773		2.34 ± 0.32	—	—	1.22 ± 0.12		—
2-甲基丁酸甲酯 Methyl 2-methylbutyrate	868-57-5	776	775		—	3.32 ± 1.36	3.13 ± 0.43	—		1.46 ± 0.34
碳酸二乙酯 Diethyl carbonate	105-58-8	768	785		2.73 ± 0.71	2.99 ± 1.45	13.81 ± 2.33	—		—
辛烯 Octene	111-66-0	789	792		35.12 ± 14.98	110.51 ± 44.41	177.42 ± 52.44	20.24 ± 2.37		52.85 ± 16.38
己醛 Hexanal	66-25-1	801	801		0.57 ± 0.12	3.50 ± 0.17	10.12 ± 3.94	0.51 ± 0.01		1.11 ± 0.17
丙酸正丙酯 Propyl propionate	106-36-5	807	810		—	1.19 ± 0.03	—	—		—
2-甲基丁酸乙酯 Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate	7452-79-1	848	848		28.36 ± 16.02	66.50 ± 27.45	133.22 ± 58.34	9.36 ± 0.77		14.62 ± 2.04
2-甲基丙酸丙酯 Propyl 2-methylpropanoate	644-49-5	844	855		15.25 ± 8.06	57.06 ± 25.05	95.50 ± 30.26	7.13 ± 0.50		10.05 ± 0.95
2-甲基戊酸甲酯 Methyl 2-methylpentanoate	2177-77-7	867	867		—	3.01 ± 0.11	—	—		—
乙酸异戊酯 Isoamyl acetate	123-92-2	876	877		3.34 ± 0.46	—	—	1.02 ± 0.09		—
丁酸丙酯 Propyl butyrate	105-66-8	897	897		1.56 ± 0.25	1.20 ± 0.03	1.64 ± 0.17	—		—
2-甲基丁酸丙酯 Propyl 2-methylbutanoate	37064-20-3	943	946		24.34 ± 3.10	146.34 ± 7.94	236.40 ± 41.65	28.35 ± 4.75		32.05 ± 7.74
丁酸异丁酯 Isobutyl butyrate	539-90-2	958	956		0.44 ± 0.04	—	—	—		—
2-乙基己酸甲酯 Methyl 2-methylhexanoate	2177-81-3	969	963		—	0.77 ± 0.06	2.57 ± 0.80	0.45 ± 0.01		—
癸烷 Decane	124-18-5	1 000	1 001		—	—	0.52 ± 0.20	—		—
2-甲基丁酸异丁酯 Iso-butyl-2-methylbutyrate	2445-67-2	1 002	1 002		—	1.39 ± 0.24	0.64 ± 0.13	—		—
辛醛 Octanal	124-13-0	1 003	1 003		0.46 ± 0.06	—	0.72 ± 0.15	—		0.75 ± 0.17
丁酸异戊酯 Isopentyl acetate	106-27-4	1 056	1 056		1.09 ± 0.08	—	—	0.47 ± 0.07		—
2-甲基丁酸-2-甲基丁酯 2-Methylbutyl-2- methylbutyrate	2445-78-5	1 103	1 102		0.94 ± 0.53	2.53 ± 0.89	13.97 ± 0.49	1.03 ± 0.33		—
壬醛 Nonanal	124-19-6	1 104	1 104		0.69 ± 0.02	1.15 ± 0.03	-	0.86 ± 0.16		2.40 ± 1.26
2-甲基十一烷 2-Methylundecane	7045-71-8	1 165	1 165		0.30 ± 0.04	—	1.41 ± 0.14	—		0.47 ± 0.02
十二烷 Dodecane	112-40-3	1 200	1 200		—	—	0.67 ± 0.15	—		0.46 ± 0.01
癸醛 Decanal	112-31-2	1 205	1 205		0.50 ± 0.06	0.62 ± 0.07	12.93 ± 6.28	0.54 ± 0.07		1.05 ± 0.01
十四烷 Tetradecane	629-59-4	1 400	1 401		1.03 ± 0.34	1.74 ± 0.47	—	—		0.62 ± 0.17
杂环类 Heterocyclics
苯并噻唑 Benzothiazole	95-16-9	1 226	1 226		0.72 ± 0.16	0.98 ± 0.18	3.45 ± 0.93	0.38 ± 0.07		1.31 ± 0.21

挥发物 Volatile	CAS号 CAS Number	RI			挥发物含量/（ng · g^-1 · h^-1）Volatile content（Mean ± SE）
		RI			14：00			6：00	22：00
		参考 Refe rence		计算 Calcula-ted	花蕾期 Bud stage	半开期 Half-open stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage		盛开期 Peak flowering stage
萜类 Terpenes
葑烯 Fenchene	514-14-7	899	905		—	1.74 ± 0.06	0.90 ± 0.43	0.33 ± 0.02		—
冰片烯 Bornylene	464-17-5	908	915		6.15 ± 3.15	47.91 ± 17.82	9.14 ± 6.46	2.17 ± 0.15		1.37 ± 0.14
三环萜 Tricyclene	508-32-7	926	923		4.09 ± 1.22	137.06 ± 62.85	110.09 ± 18.15	5.86 ± 0.75		8.46 ± 0.96
α-侧柏烯 α-Thujene	2867-05-2	927	927		11.30 ± 3.68	90.48 ± 67.52	106.40 ± 25.29	13.72 ± 3.83		15.81 ± 1.18
α-蒎烯 α-Pinene	80-56-8	939	939		242.90 ± 44.32	1 080.62 ± 141.17	1 297.67 ± 334.26	444.52 ± 68.96		461.22 ± 53.18
莰烯 Camphene	79-92-5	952	951		44.79 ± 9.75	230.72 ± 74.34	246.62 ± 34.63	67.80 ± 5.43		74.86 ± 9.91
脱氢桧烯 Dehydrosabinene	36262-09-6	955	954		0.70 ± 0.18	3.20 ± 0.74	3.26 ± 0.64	1.41 ± 0.17		1.91 ± 0.29
桧烯 Sabinene	3387-41-5	973	973		7.43 ± 0.89	47.97 ± 18.44	97.70 ± 20.63	13.38 ± 3.03		10.94 ± 2.64
β-蒎烯 β-Pinene	127-91-3	977	977		7.39 ± 1.75	40.50 ± 15.00	50.38 ± 3.78	10.40 ± 1.57		9.57 ± 2.10
月桂烯 Myrcene	123-35-3	989	989		2.73 ± 0.35	12.19 ± 3.46	39.55 ± 11.97	3.96 ± 0.95		4.09 ± 0.65
α-水芹烯 α-Phellandrene	99-83-2	1 006	1 006		0.93 ± 0.27	15.08 ± 10.38	6.41 ± 0.64	1.10 ± 0.18		1.25 ± 0.17
4-蒈烯 4-Carene	29050-33-7	1 011	1 009		—	—	—	0.46 ± 0.07		—
α-萜品烯 α-Terpinene	99-86-5	1 017	1 017		1.50 ± 0.44	8.30 ± 2.77	18.31 ± 3.90	1.45 ± 0.42		1.16 ± 0.27
柠檬烯 Limonene	138-86-3	1 031	1 030		22.65 ± 4.13	74.57 ± 17.6	110.03 ± 13.28	19.55 ± 2.87		37.71 ± 5.75
β-水芹烯 β-Phellandrene	555-10-2	1 031	1 031		—	—	14.89 ± 2.71	—		—
桉叶油醇 Eucalyptol	470-82-6	1 033	1 033		0.85 ± 0.21	2.59 ± 0.28	10.78 ± 3.96	0.79 ± 0.18		2.32 ± 1.01
(Z)-β-罗勒烯 (Z)-β-Ocimene	3338-55-4	1 034	1 036		2.16 ± 0.57	12.77 ± 4.54	15.41 ± 1.81	2.70 ± 0.31		3.43 ± 0.51
(E)-β-罗勒烯 (E)-β-Ocimene	3779-61-1	1 047	1 047		—	—	1.19 ± 0.52	—		—
γ-松油烯 γ-Terpinene	99-85-4	1 059	1 059		2.91 ± 0.62	14.64 ± 4.04	44.19 ± 16.82	3.48 ± 0.86		3.74 ± 0.99
4-侧柏醇 4-Thujanol	546-79-2	1 070	1 070		2.43 ± 1.46	6.74 ± 2.32	36.44 ± 1.75	2.23 ± 0.90		7.90 ± 6.80
萜品油烯 Terpinolene	586-62-9	1 086	1 086		1.21 ± 0.37	7.42 ± 2.77	9.90 ± 1.87	1.16 ± 0.28		1.18 ± 0.21
Filifolone	4613-37-0	1 109	1 100		8.23 ± 3.42	21.60 ± 6.37	139.28 ± 9.59	8.49 ± 2.72		13.06 ± 8.25
反式-菊醇 trans-Chrysanthenol	38043-83-3	1 114	1 114		—	—	28.44 ± 13.35	—		4.83 ± 1.51
(+)-菊油环酮 (+)-Chrysanthenone	473-06-3	1 121	1 121		2.81 ± 1.32	7.25 ± 3.09	52.55 ± 2.30	2.65 ± 0.88		6.60 ± 5.55
龙脑烯醛 α-Campholenal	4501-58-0	1 127	1 127		—	2.13 ± 0.84	14.81 ± 5.24	—		—
别罗勒烯 Alloocimene	3016-19-1	1 140	1 129		0.79 ± 0.01	2.51 ± 0.91	2.81 ± 0.93	0.62 ± 0.10		0.56 ± 0.03
(-)-反式-松香芹醇(-)-trans-Pinocarveol	547-61-5	1 142	1 142		—	—	—	0.44 ± 0.02		—
D-樟脑 D-Camphor	464-49-3	1 141	1 147		19.26 ± 12.48	51.98 ± 22.27	305.95 ± 10.77	21.36 ± 8.23		43.42 ± 38.83
香芹蒎酮 Pinocarvone	30460-92-5	1 164	1 163		1.07 ± 0.44	2.78 ± 0.47	9.45 ± 3.33	1.43 ± 0.33		3.27 ± 2.47
冰片 Borneol	507-70-0	1 172	1 172		0.99 ± 0.52	2.03 ± 0.55	8.30 ± 2.80	1.25 ± 0.14		—
4-萜烯醇 Terpinen-4-ol	562-74-3	1 181	1 181		—	—	0.88 ± 0.42	—		—
马苄烯酮 Verbenone	80-57-9	1 191	1 189		1.00 ± 0.62	2.74 ± 1.29	25.62 ± 2.12	0.93 ± 0.38		—
桃金娘烯醛 Myrtenal	564-94-3	1 195	1 195		-	1.57 ± 0.12	0.68 ± 0.12	0.45 ± 0.13		3.27 ± 2.20
马鞭草烯酮 Levoverbenone	1196-01-6	1 204	1 208		0.65 ± 0.15	2.59 ± 0.15	6.88 ± 2.25	1.29 ± 0.35		3.32 ± 2.48
(E)-乙酸菊烯酯 (E)-Chrysanthenyl acetate	50764-55-1	1 239	1 231		-	1.20 ± 0.45	61.62 ± 12.55	1.07 ± 0.14		1.53 ± 0.79
(E)-罗勒烯酮 (E)-Ocimenone	33746-72-4	1 239	1 238		1.59 ± 0.90	4.33 ± 2.18	36.38 ± 3.09	1.54 ± 0.54		4.45 ± 3.83
D-香芹酮 D-Carvone	2244-16-8	1 245	1 244		—	—	0.57 ± 0.30	—		—
(Z)-乙酸菊烯酯 (Z)-Chrysanthenyl acetate	67999-48-8	1 253	1 257		—	1.63 ± 0.68	8.94 ± 0.18	1.30 ± 0.15		—
异胡椒酮 Isopiperitenone	529-01-1	1 271	1 269		2.36 ± 1.54	6.92 ± 3.27	45.51 ± 21.82	2.59 ± 0.92		—
乙酸龙脑酯 Bornyl acetate	76-49-3	1 285	1 285		2.19 ± 1.85	4.56 ± 1.79	22.18 ± 0.27	2.69 ± 1.30		—
胡椒烯酮 Piperitenone	491-09-8	1 342	1 339		—	—	8.30 ± 2.62	—		—
长叶烯 Longifolene	475-20-7	1 414	1 413		0.35 ± 0.02	—	0.92 ± 0.19	—		0.83 ± 0.08
β-石竹烯 β-Caryophyllene	87-44-5	1 421	1 423		—	—	—	0.71 ± 0.11		—
苯丙素类/苯环类 Phenylpropanoids/benzenoids
甲苯 Toluene	108-88-3	762	764		44.35 ± 12.11	133.29 ± 47.09	218.63 ± 36.57	23.58 ± 5.95		63.82 ± 19.38
乙苯 Ethylbenzene	100-41-4	857	859		7.68 ± 7.39	—	—	0.44 ± 0.03		0.81 ± 0.05
对二甲苯 p-Xylene	106-42-3	867	868		1.79 ± 0.29	—	4.44 ± 0.02	1.56 ± 0.19		2.88 ± 0.12
苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde	100-52-7	961	961		0.62 ± 0.12	1.36 ± 0.24	1.50 ± 0.17	0.65 ± 0.14		1.15 ± 0.21
偏三甲苯 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene	95-63-6	993	993		—	—	0.64 ± 0.24	—		—
2-甲基-3-苯基-1- 丙烯 2-Methyl-3-phenyl-1-propene	3290-53-7	1 014	1 008		—	1.52 ± 0.44	—	—		—
4-异丙基甲苯 p-Cymene	99-87-6	1 024	1 024		3.74 ± 1.01	19.35 ± 6.76	38.28 ± 9.02	4.90 ± 0.76		4.71 ± 0.97
苯乙酮 Acetophenone	98-86-2	1 065	1 065		0.40 ± 0.02	0.78 ± 0.08	1.55 ± 0.06	0.58 ± 0.00		0.72 ± 0.09
4-异丙烯基甲苯 4-Isopropenyltoluene	1195-32-0	1 090	1 090		1.34 ± 0.39	7.77 ± 2.76	7.34 ± 1.63	1.82 ± 0.20		1.94 ± 0.52
萘 Naphthalene	91-20-3	1 185	1 185		0.44 ± 0.10	0.76 ± 0.06	2.67 ± 0.53	0.27 ± 0.03		0.59 ± 0.04
5-甲基-2-（丙-1- 烯-2-基）苯酚 8,9-Dehydrothymol	18612-99-2	1 221	1 215		0.66 ± 0.33	1.69 ± 0.58	15.96 ± 1.82	0.65 ± 0.06		—
脂肪酸衍生物 Fatty acid derivatives
3-甲基己烷 3-Methylhexane	589-34-4	676	685		—	—	—	—		1.95 ± 0.23
1-庚烯 1-Heptene	592-76-7	695	696		11.71 ± 2.05	25.42 ± 6.40	16.42 ± 4.16	7.60 ± 2.48		17.60 ± 3.88
庚烷 Heptane	142-82-5	700	702		—	—	—	—		2.44 ± 0.13
乙酸丙酯 Propyl acetate	109-60-4	714	714		0.46 ± 0.09	—	—	—		0.80 ± 0.06
甲基环己烷 Methylcyclohexane	108-87-2	720	722		—	—	—	—		1.74 ± 0.11
异戊醇 Isoamylol	123-51-3	734	735		1.44 ± 0.09	—	—	—		—
异丁酸乙酯 Ethyl isobutyrate	97-62-1	756	756		1.58 ± 0.33	4.70 ± 1.56	7.69 ± 3.59	0.85 ± 0.21		2.86 ± 0.41
乙酸异丁酯 Isobutyl acetate	110-19-0	770	773		2.34 ± 0.32	—	—	1.22 ± 0.12		—
2-甲基丁酸甲酯 Methyl 2-methylbutyrate	868-57-5	776	775		—	3.32 ± 1.36	3.13 ± 0.43	—		1.46 ± 0.34
碳酸二乙酯 Diethyl carbonate	105-58-8	768	785		2.73 ± 0.71	2.99 ± 1.45	13.81 ± 2.33	—		—
辛烯 Octene	111-66-0	789	792		35.12 ± 14.98	110.51 ± 44.41	177.42 ± 52.44	20.24 ± 2.37		52.85 ± 16.38
己醛 Hexanal	66-25-1	801	801		0.57 ± 0.12	3.50 ± 0.17	10.12 ± 3.94	0.51 ± 0.01		1.11 ± 0.17
丙酸正丙酯 Propyl propionate	106-36-5	807	810		—	1.19 ± 0.03	—	—		—
2-甲基丁酸乙酯 Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate	7452-79-1	848	848		28.36 ± 16.02	66.50 ± 27.45	133.22 ± 58.34	9.36 ± 0.77		14.62 ± 2.04
2-甲基丙酸丙酯 Propyl 2-methylpropanoate	644-49-5	844	855		15.25 ± 8.06	57.06 ± 25.05	95.50 ± 30.26	7.13 ± 0.50		10.05 ± 0.95
2-甲基戊酸甲酯 Methyl 2-methylpentanoate	2177-77-7	867	867		—	3.01 ± 0.11	—	—		—
乙酸异戊酯 Isoamyl acetate	123-92-2	876	877		3.34 ± 0.46	—	—	1.02 ± 0.09		—
丁酸丙酯 Propyl butyrate	105-66-8	897	897		1.56 ± 0.25	1.20 ± 0.03	1.64 ± 0.17	—		—
2-甲基丁酸丙酯 Propyl 2-methylbutanoate	37064-20-3	943	946		24.34 ± 3.10	146.34 ± 7.94	236.40 ± 41.65	28.35 ± 4.75		32.05 ± 7.74
丁酸异丁酯 Isobutyl butyrate	539-90-2	958	956		0.44 ± 0.04	—	—	—		—
2-乙基己酸甲酯 Methyl 2-methylhexanoate	2177-81-3	969	963		—	0.77 ± 0.06	2.57 ± 0.80	0.45 ± 0.01		—
癸烷 Decane	124-18-5	1 000	1 001		—	—	0.52 ± 0.20	—		—
2-甲基丁酸异丁酯 Iso-butyl-2-methylbutyrate	2445-67-2	1 002	1 002		—	1.39 ± 0.24	0.64 ± 0.13	—		—
辛醛 Octanal	124-13-0	1 003	1 003		0.46 ± 0.06	—	0.72 ± 0.15	—		0.75 ± 0.17
丁酸异戊酯 Isopentyl acetate	106-27-4	1 056	1 056		1.09 ± 0.08	—	—	0.47 ± 0.07		—
2-甲基丁酸-2-甲基丁酯 2-Methylbutyl-2- methylbutyrate	2445-78-5	1 103	1 102		0.94 ± 0.53	2.53 ± 0.89	13.97 ± 0.49	1.03 ± 0.33		—
壬醛 Nonanal	124-19-6	1 104	1 104		0.69 ± 0.02	1.15 ± 0.03	-	0.86 ± 0.16		2.40 ± 1.26
2-甲基十一烷 2-Methylundecane	7045-71-8	1 165	1 165		0.30 ± 0.04	—	1.41 ± 0.14	—		0.47 ± 0.02
十二烷 Dodecane	112-40-3	1 200	1 200		—	—	0.67 ± 0.15	—		0.46 ± 0.01
癸醛 Decanal	112-31-2	1 205	1 205		0.50 ± 0.06	0.62 ± 0.07	12.93 ± 6.28	0.54 ± 0.07		1.05 ± 0.01
十四烷 Tetradecane	629-59-4	1 400	1 401		1.03 ± 0.34	1.74 ± 0.47	—	—		0.62 ± 0.17
杂环类 Heterocyclics
苯并噻唑 Benzothiazole	95-16-9	1 226	1 226		0.72 ± 0.16	0.98 ± 0.18	3.45 ± 0.93	0.38 ± 0.07		1.31 ± 0.21

挥发物 Volatile	14：00			6：00	22：00
挥发物 Volatile	花蕾期 Bud stage	半开期 Half-open stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage
萜类 Terpenes	403.38 ± 57.03 （67.30%）	1 950.33 ± 349.96 （76.43%）	3 009.34 ± 366.35 （74.63%）	645.30 ± 98.46 （84.94%）	732.06 ± 118.04 （76.63%）
苯丙素类/苯环类 Phenylpropanoids/benzenoids	61.02 ± 10.87 （10.18%）	166.51 ± 56.36 （6.53%）	291.01 ± 45.75 （7.22%）	34.44 ± 5.58 （4.53%）	76.62 ± 20.18 （8.02%）
脂肪酸衍生物 Fatty acid derivatives	134.23 ± 28.04 （22.40%）	433.93 ± 95.93 （17.01%）	728.77 ± 168.37 （18.07%）	79.63 ± 7.39 （10.48%）	145.31 ± 16.88 （15.21%）
杂环类 Heterocyclics	0.72 ± 0.16 （0.12%）	0.98 ± 0.18 （0.04%）	3.45 ± 0.93 （0.09%）	0.38 ± 0.07 （0.05%）	1.31 ± 0.21 （0.14%）
总计 Total	599.35 ± 89.86 （100.00%）	2 551.75 ± 499.11 （100.00%）	4 032.57 ± 475.88 （100.00%）	759.75 ± 105.96 （100.00%）	955.29 ± 87.78 （100.00%）

挥发物 Volatile	14：00			6：00	22：00
挥发物 Volatile	花蕾期 Bud stage	半开期 Half-open stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage
萜类 Terpenes	403.38 ± 57.03 （67.30%）	1 950.33 ± 349.96 （76.43%）	3 009.34 ± 366.35 （74.63%）	645.30 ± 98.46 （84.94%）	732.06 ± 118.04 （76.63%）
苯丙素类/苯环类 Phenylpropanoids/benzenoids	61.02 ± 10.87 （10.18%）	166.51 ± 56.36 （6.53%）	291.01 ± 45.75 （7.22%）	34.44 ± 5.58 （4.53%）	76.62 ± 20.18 （8.02%）
脂肪酸衍生物 Fatty acid derivatives	134.23 ± 28.04 （22.40%）	433.93 ± 95.93 （17.01%）	728.77 ± 168.37 （18.07%）	79.63 ± 7.39 （10.48%）	145.31 ± 16.88 （15.21%）
杂环类 Heterocyclics	0.72 ± 0.16 （0.12%）	0.98 ± 0.18 （0.04%）	3.45 ± 0.93 （0.09%）	0.38 ± 0.07 （0.05%）	1.31 ± 0.21 （0.14%）
总计 Total	599.35 ± 89.86 （100.00%）	2 551.75 ± 499.11 （100.00%）	4 032.57 ± 475.88 （100.00%）	759.75 ± 105.96 （100.00%）	955.29 ± 87.78 （100.00%）

挥发物 Volatile	CAS号 CAS Number	气味阈值/ （mg · m^-3） Odor thresholds	ROAV					气味描述 Odor descriptions
			14：00			6：00	22：00
			花蕾期 Bud stage	半开期 Half-open stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage	盛开期 Peak flowering stage
α-蒎烯 α-Pinene	80-56-8	0.1	16.935	25.298	18.566	57.628	17.724	树脂、松树 Resin、pine
莰烯 Camphene	79-92-5	28	0.011	0.019	0.013	0.031	0.010	萜类 Terpene
桧烯 Sabinene	3387-41-5	2	0.026	0.056	0.070	0.087	0.021	萜类 Terpene
β-蒎烯 β-Pinene	127-91-3	0.18	0.286	0.527	0.400	0.749	0.204	萜类 Terpene
月桂烯 Myrcene	123-35-3	0.1125	0.169	0.254	0.503	0.457	0.140	天竺葵、胡萝卜 Geranium，carrot
α-水芹烯 α-Phellandrene	99-83-2	3.4	0.002	0.010	0.003	0.004	0.001	萜类、莳萝 Terpene，dill
α-萜品烯 α-Terpinene	99-86-5	7.9	0.001	0.002	0.003	0.002	0.001	萜类 Terpene
柠檬烯 Limonene	138-86-3	0.21	0.752	0.831	0.750	1.207	0.690	柑橘 Citrus
桉叶油醇 Eucalyptol	470-82-6	2	0.003	0.003	0.008	0.005	0.004	桉树 Eucalyptus
(Z)-β-罗勒烯 (Z)-β-Ocimene	3338-55-4	0.01	1.508	2.990	2.204	3.500	1.319	萜类 Terpene
(E)-β-罗勒烯 (E)-β-Ocimene	3779-61-1	0.0187	—	—	0.091	—	—	萜类 Terpene
γ-松油烯 γ-Terpinene	99-85-4	55	< 0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	< 0.001	汽油 Petrol
冰片 Borneol	507-70-0	0.052	0.132	0.092	0.228	0.312	—	泥土、发霉 Earthy，moldy
4-萜烯醇 Terpinen-4-ol	562-74-3	0.59	—	—	0.002	—	—	泥土、发霉 Earthy，moldy
D-香芹酮 D-Carvone	2244-16-8	0.03	—	—	0.027	—	—	薄荷、香菜 Mint，caraway
乙酸龙脑酯 Bornyl acetate	76-49-3	0.44	0.035	0.024	0.072	0.079	—	松树 Pine
β-石竹烯 β-Caryophyllene	87-44-5	1.5	—	—	—	0.006	—	发霉 Moldy
异丁酸乙酯 Ethyl isobutyrate	97-62-1	0.00011	100.000	100.000	100.000	100.000	100.000	果香 Fruity
乙酸异丁酯 Isobutyl acetate	110-19-0	0.038	0.430	—	—	0.416	—	果香 Fruity
2-甲基丁酸甲酯 Methyl 2-methylbutyrate	868-57-5	4.97	—	0.002	0.001	—	0.001	果香 Fruity
丙酸正丙酯 Propyl propionate	106-36-5	0.28	—	0.010	—	—	—	果香 Fruity
2-甲基丁酸乙酯 Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate	7452-79-1	6.334	0.031	0.025	0.030	0.019	0.009	果香 Fruity
2-甲基丙酸丙酯 Propyl 2-methylpropanoate	644-49-5	0.011	9.664	12.145	12.422	8.400	3.511	果香 Fruity
乙酸异戊酯 Isoamyl acetate	123-92-2	0.4685	0.050	—	—	0.028	—	香蕉、果香 Banana，fruity
丁酸丙酯 Propyl butyrate	105-66-8	0.058	0.188	0.048	0.041	—	—	果香 Fruity
丁酸异丁酯 Isobutyl butyrate	539-90-2	0.0094	0.324	—	—	—	—	果香 Fruity
丁酸异戊酯 Isopentyl acetate	106-27-4	0.035	0.216	—	—	0.176	—	果香 Fruity
甲苯 Toluene	108-88-3	0.3	1.031	1.040	1.043	1.019	0.818	化学品 Chemical
乙苯 Ethylbenzene	100-41-4	0.026	2.059	—	—	0.219	0.119	—
对二甲苯 p-Xylene	106-42-3	0.25	0.050	—	0.025	0.081	0.044	—
苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde	100-52-7	0.55	0.008	0.006	0.004	0.015	0.008	苦杏仁、杏仁 Bitter almond，marzipan
偏三甲苯 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene	95-63-6	0.59	—	—	0.002	—	—	塑料 Plastic
4-异丙基甲苯 p-Cymene	99-87-6	7.2	0.004	0.006	0.008	0.009	0.003	柑橘、汽油 Citrus，petrol
苯乙酮 Acetophenone	98-86-2	0.025	0.113	0.073	0.088	0.298	0.110	苦杏仁、橡胶 Bitter almond，rubber
4-异丙烯基甲苯 4-Isopropenyltoluene	1195-32-0	1.6625	0.006	0.011	0.006	0.014	0.004	萜类 Terpene
萘 Naphthalene	91-20-3	0.45	0.007	0.004	0.008	0.008	0.005	焦油、烟雾 Tar，smoky
3-甲基己烷 3-Methylhexane	589-34-4	3.4	—	—	—	—	0.002	—
1-庚烯 1-Heptene	592-76-7	1.5	0.054	0.040	0.016	0.066	0.045	—
庚烷 Heptane	142-82-5	2.7	—	—	—	—	0.003	烷烃 Alkane
甲基环己烷 Methylcyclohexane	108-87-2	0.6	—	—	—	—	0.011	—
辛烯 Octene	111-66-0	5	0.049	0.052	0.051	0.052	0.041	汽油 Gasoline
癸烷 Decane	124-18-5	3.6	—	—	< 0.001	—	—	烷烃 Alkane
十二烷 Dodecane	112-40-3	0.77	—	—	0.001	—	0.002	烷烃 Alkane
十四烷 Tetradecane	629-59-4	5	0.001	0.001	—	—	< 0.001	烷烃 Alkane
己醛 Hexanal	66-25-1	0.23	0.017	0.036	0.063	0.029	0.019	青草 Grassy
辛醛 Octanal	124-13-0	0.17	0.019	—	0.006	—	0.017	柑橘、青草 Citrus，grassy
壬醛 Nonanal	124-19-6	0.0031	1.549	0.867	—	3.593	2.979	柑橘、肥皂 Citrus，soapy
癸醛 Decanal	112-31-2	0.0026	1.337	0.555	7.116	2.715	1.551	柑橘、肥皂 Citrus，soapy
异戊醇 Isoamylol	123-51-3	0.0061	1.645	—	—	—	—	麦芽糖 Malty

‘梨香’菊花香成分鉴定及香气特征分析

Identification of Floral Fragrance Components and Analysis of Aroma Characteristics of Chrysanthemum × morifolium‘Lixiang’

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 8

参考文献 37

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

访问总数:　当日访问总数:　当前在线人数:

[1]	王芳, 范燕萍. 观赏植物花香性状形成及调控机制研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(2): 359-385.
[2]	牛童非, 杨迪, 马慧丽, 郭丽丽, 侯小改. 牡丹花香的生物合成及调控研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(2): 447-466.
[3]	黄雅雯, 黄洪峰, 王智灵, 陈思雨, 张世琦, 洪波, 顾钊宇. 菊花花香突变体香气成分鉴定与萜烯合酶基因表达特性分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(2): 513-524.
[4]	徐勇, 杨阳, 王若彤, 毛一茹, 冯立国. 外源褪黑素对玫瑰花香的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(2): 574-584.
[5]	康婧博, 温欢, 吴群, 敖义俊, 陈嘉景, 刘园, 徐娟. 七种香橙种质挥发性物质比较分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(1): 25-40.
[6]	刘凯, 周雪娟, 高俊山, 李卫文, 牛岩岩, 程美丽, 申亚楠, 赵梦茹. 菊花新品种‘亳黄菊’[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(S2): 343-344.
[7]	赵梦茹, 周雪娟, 李卫文, 高俊山, 牛岩岩, 程美丽, 申亚楠, 刘凯. 菊花新品种‘亳粉菊’[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(S2): 345-346.
[8]	余永亮, 许兰杰, 董薇, 郑东方, 谭政委, 李春明, 安素妨, 吴晓慧, 孙玉镯, 冯俊平, 梁慧珍. 菊花新品种‘豫怀菊4号’[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(S2): 347-348.
[9]	陈子琦, 王智灵, 黄洪峰, 赵鑫, 顾钊宇, 徐彦杰, 洪波. 果香型菊花新品种‘白重香1号’[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(S1): 173-174.
[10]	储转南, 李卫文, 吴季秋, 彭星星, 唐茂贵, 董玲, 崔广胜, 熊瑞, 梁华, 韩飘. 菊花新品种‘贡菊3号’[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(S1): 177-178.
[11]	李雪, 蔡中虎, 高俊燕, 陈嘉景, 刘园, 徐娟. 云南巍山不同采收季广东香水柠檬（Citrus medica）挥发性物质差异分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(9): 2439-2452.
[12]	王稳, 张鹏, 王志敏, 刘根忠, 包志龙, 马方放. 菊花脑管状花响应蔗糖饲喂的差异基因分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(6): 1297-1310.
[13]	覃艮红, 袁洪波, 王卓妮, 史冰柯, 范洋洋, 王丽, 张猛, 涂洪涛, 徐超, 侯珲. 蜡样芽孢杆菌挥发物对苹果轮纹病菌的拮抗活性[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(6): 1403-1412.
[14]	关思慧, 刘晨旭, 姚祝平, 万红建, 刁明, 程远. 腐植酸处理对樱桃番茄挥发性有机化合物成分和含量的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(2): 346-360.
[15]	吴雅杰, 焦钰, 王海龙, 陈志星, 浦浩, 朱子涵, 邹倩, 唐蜀昆, 曹艳茹. 菊花扦插生根剂的筛选及综合评价[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(11): 2657-2667.

‘梨香’菊花香成分鉴定及香气特征分析

Identification of Floral Fragrance Components and Analysis of Aroma Characteristics of Chrysanthemum × morifolium‘Lixiang’

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 8

参考文献 37

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

访问总数: 当日访问总数: 当前在线人数:

访问总数:　当日访问总数:　当前在线人数: