香根鸢尾种质资源及其挥发性成分研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-1054

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

香根鸢尾（Iris pallida Lam.）根状茎富含独特的香气成分，陈化后可提取具有紫罗兰香气的高附加值精油。本文中系统综述了香根鸢尾的种质资源、挥发物提取工艺、主要化学成分（特别是鸢尾酮），以及挥发物在调香、定香和抗菌活性等领域的研究进展，并展望了香根鸢尾产业的发展前景，以期为实现其资源的高效利用、推动全产业链的科技创新与可持续发展提供理论参考。

关键词: 香根鸢尾, 种质资源, 陈化加工, 挥发物, 鸢尾酮

Abstract:

The rhizomes of Iris pallida Lam. are rich in unique aromatic compounds. After aging treatment，high-value essential oil with violet-like fragrance can be extracted from them. This paper provides a systematic review of the germplasm resources of I. pallida，the techniques for extracting its volatiles，major chemical components（particularly irone），as well as the research progress of these volatiles in fragrance blending，fragrance fixation and antibacterial activity. It also prospects the development future of the I. pallida industry, aiming to provide theoretical references for realizing the efficient utilization of its resources and promoting technological innovation and sustainable development of the entire industrial chain.

Key words: Iris pallida, germplasm resources, aging processing, volatiles, irone

田敏, 董燕梅, 郑涛, 李慧, 夏菲, 王頔, 白红彤, 曾海涛, 石雷. 香根鸢尾种质资源及其挥发性成分研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(2): 437-446.

TIAN Min, DONG Yanmei, ZHENG Tao, LI Hui, XIA Fei, WANG Di, BAI Hongtong, ZENG Haitao, SHI Lei. A Review of Iris pallida Germplasm Resources and Volatile Components[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(2): 437-446.

图/表 4

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洲 Continent	国家 Country	参考文献 Reference
欧洲 Europe	意大利、法国、英国、罗马尼亚、保加利亚、阿尔巴尼亚、德国、乌克兰、西班牙 Italy，France，United Kingdom，Romania，Bulgaria，Albania，Germany，Ukraine，Spain	Mykhailenko,2018；Al-Snafi,2021； https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3PZY6
亚洲 Asia	中国、格鲁吉亚、黎巴嫩、叙利亚、巴勒斯坦、印度、伊拉克 China，Georgia，Lebanon，Syria，Palestine，India，Iraq	Pezzarossa et al.,2020；Al-Snafi,2021； Meucci et al.,2024a
非洲Africa	摩洛哥、加那利群岛 Morocco，Canary Islands	Pezzarossa et al.,2020；Al-Snafi,2021；
北美洲 North America	美国 United States	Al-Snafi,2021

洲 Continent	国家 Country	参考文献 Reference
欧洲 Europe	意大利、法国、英国、罗马尼亚、保加利亚、阿尔巴尼亚、德国、乌克兰、西班牙 Italy，France，United Kingdom，Romania，Bulgaria，Albania，Germany，Ukraine，Spain	Mykhailenko,2018；Al-Snafi,2021； https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3PZY6
亚洲 Asia	中国、格鲁吉亚、黎巴嫩、叙利亚、巴勒斯坦、印度、伊拉克 China，Georgia，Lebanon，Syria，Palestine，India，Iraq	Pezzarossa et al.,2020；Al-Snafi,2021； Meucci et al.,2024a
非洲Africa	摩洛哥、加那利群岛 Morocco，Canary Islands	Pezzarossa et al.,2020；Al-Snafi,2021；
北美洲 North America	美国 United States	Al-Snafi,2021

方法Method	提取条件示例Extraction Condition	得率/% Yield	产物Primary product	参考文献 Reference
水蒸汽蒸馏法 Steam distillation	蒸馏3 h Distillation for 3 h 蒸馏12 h Distillation for 12 h	0.23 0.20	精油 Essential oil	Deng et al.,2009 Mykhailenko & Olga,2018
浸提法 Maceration	石油醚浸提24 h Maceration for 24 h	—	浸膏 Concrete	王辉和肖月娥,2024
索氏提取法 Soxhlet extraction	200 mL溶剂萃取90 min Extraction with 200 mL solvent for 90 min	5.33	浸膏 Concrete	郝金玉等,2000
超临界CO₂法 Supercritical CO₂ extraction	萃取时间180 min Extraction time：180 min 萃取压力为26 MPa，温度为50 ~ 55 ℃，CO₂流量为20 m³ · h^-1，萃取时长2.5 h Pressure：26 MPa，Temperature：50-55 ℃，CO₂ flow rate：20 m³ · h^-1，Time：2.5 h	2.55 11.46	鸢尾CO₂提取物 CO₂ Extract of Iris	郝金玉等,2000 李昶红等,2005
微波萃取法 Microwave-assisted extraction	160 mL溶剂分4次加入，辐射120 s 160 mL solvent added in 4 portions，irradiation for 120 s	10.25	浸膏Concrete	郝金玉等,2000
精制工艺 Refining processes	浸膏经乙醇再提取 Ethanol re-extraction of concrete	0.93 ~ 7.04（取决于材料Depending on the material）	净油 Absolute	王辉和肖月娥,2024

方法Method	提取条件示例Extraction Condition	得率/% Yield	产物Primary product	参考文献 Reference
水蒸汽蒸馏法 Steam distillation	蒸馏3 h Distillation for 3 h 蒸馏12 h Distillation for 12 h	0.23 0.20	精油 Essential oil	Deng et al.,2009 Mykhailenko & Olga,2018
浸提法 Maceration	石油醚浸提24 h Maceration for 24 h	—	浸膏 Concrete	王辉和肖月娥,2024
索氏提取法 Soxhlet extraction	200 mL溶剂萃取90 min Extraction with 200 mL solvent for 90 min	5.33	浸膏 Concrete	郝金玉等,2000
超临界CO₂法 Supercritical CO₂ extraction	萃取时间180 min Extraction time：180 min 萃取压力为26 MPa，温度为50 ~ 55 ℃，CO₂流量为20 m³ · h^-1，萃取时长2.5 h Pressure：26 MPa，Temperature：50-55 ℃，CO₂ flow rate：20 m³ · h^-1，Time：2.5 h	2.55 11.46	鸢尾CO₂提取物 CO₂ Extract of Iris	郝金玉等,2000 李昶红等,2005
微波萃取法 Microwave-assisted extraction	160 mL溶剂分4次加入，辐射120 s 160 mL solvent added in 4 portions，irradiation for 120 s	10.25	浸膏Concrete	郝金玉等,2000
精制工艺 Refining processes	浸膏经乙醇再提取 Ethanol re-extraction of concrete	0.93 ~ 7.04（取决于材料Depending on the material）	净油 Absolute	王辉和肖月娥,2024