蝴蝶兰种质资源遗传多样性及核心种质构建

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0511

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究采用SSR荧光标记技术对412份蝴蝶兰种质资源进行了系统的遗传多样性分析和核心种质构建。利用10对SSR分子标记对供试种质进行了遗传多样性检测，结果共检测到124个等位基因（N_a），平均有效等位基因数（N_e）为2.489，Shannon’s信息指数（Ⅰ）为1.209，表明蝴蝶兰种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性。在此基础上，根据最大化策略法，采用Core Finder软件和t检验，筛选出53份核心种质，占原有种质资源的13%，等位基因数（N_a）保留率为100%，有效等位基因数（N_e）保留率为138%，Shannon’s信息指数（Ⅰ）保留率为127%。t检验结果显示，构建的核心种质与原始种质的遗传参数无显著差异，能充分代表蝴蝶兰原有种质资源的遗传多样性。

关键词: 蝴蝶兰, 种质资源, SSR, 遗传多样性, 核心种质

Abstract:

This study employed fluorescence-based SSR marker technology to conduct a systematic genetic diversity analysis and core germplasm construction of 412 Phalaenopsis germplasm accessions. A total of 124 alleles（N_a）were detected using 10 pairs of SSR markers，with an average number of effective alleles（N_e）of 2.489 and a Shannon’s Information Index（Ⅰ）of 1.209，indicating a high level of genetic diversity in the Phalaenopsis germplasm resources. Based on this，core collection was selected using the maximisation strategy method，Core Finder software，and t-tests，resulting in the identification of 53 core collection，representing 13% of the original germplasm collection. This core set retained 100% of the alleles（N_a），138% of the effective alleles（N_e），and 127% of the Shannon’s information index（Ⅰ）. The results of the t-test showed no significant differences in the genetic parameters between the constructed core collection and the original collection，demonstrating that the constructed core collection effectively represents the genetic diversity of the original Phalaenopsis germplasm resources.

Key words: Phalaenopsis, germplasm resources, SSR, genetic diversity, core collection

李佐, 肖文芳, 陈和明, 吕复兵. 蝴蝶兰种质资源遗传多样性及核心种质构建[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(6): 1519-1529.

LI Zuo, XIAO Wenfang, CHEN Heming, and LÜ Fubing. Genetic Diversity and Core Collection Construction of Phalaenopsis Germplasm Resources[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(6): 1519-1529.

图/表 8

参考文献 31

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引物 Primer	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer sequence	重复基元 Repeat motif	退火温度/℃ Annealing temperature	扩增范围/bp Amplification range
Estssr1	F：CTTGTTATTTCCCTCCTCG R：CCTTTAGCCCAAGTTCAGT	（TC）₁₀	55	130 ~ 182
Estssr2	F：GAGCCAGAAGTAGAACCAGC R：TTCGGTCTTAGTCTCCTCAAT	（CCG）₆	50	200 ~ 239
Estssr3	F：CCTTTCCCTCATACCATCC R：CTCTGCTTCCCACCATCAA	（CTT）₆	56	206 ~ 256
Estssr4	F：TTTCCCTCCCAAAGACCCT R：TCAACATCCCATTC	（GGC）₇	56	219 ~ 238
Estssr5	F：ATGGGAAAGGCAAGCAAGT R：CAATCTCGGACTCAAACAAC	（AGAAGG）₅	55	237 ~ 264
FRI02	F：GCAGAAGAGGTCGTCAAGG R：ACACACAACAAACCCAAGGA	（TA）₅（CCG）₆	59	451 ~ 488
FRI04	F：CCAACGACCAACCACACTCT R：TGGATTTTCTATTGTCGGTCGT	（CTT）₆	61	375 ~ 403
FRI12	F：AAATCTTCCTCAGCGCCTTA R：TTTCACAGATCTTATTGATGTCCA	（CT）₅（TC）₅	59	494 ~ 532
PGA11	F：GGCCGTTGATCATTTGATTT R：TTGTGAGGAACACACACACACA	（CT）₉	59	159 ~ 202
PGE13	F：GTCCCAATGATGATGATGATGAT R：TGATGGTCATCCCTTAGGAAA	（ATG）₈	59	160 ~ 202

引物 Primer	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer sequence	重复基元 Repeat motif	退火温度/℃ Annealing temperature	扩增范围/bp Amplification range
Estssr1	F：CTTGTTATTTCCCTCCTCG R：CCTTTAGCCCAAGTTCAGT	（TC）₁₀	55	130 ~ 182
Estssr2	F：GAGCCAGAAGTAGAACCAGC R：TTCGGTCTTAGTCTCCTCAAT	（CCG）₆	50	200 ~ 239
Estssr3	F：CCTTTCCCTCATACCATCC R：CTCTGCTTCCCACCATCAA	（CTT）₆	56	206 ~ 256
Estssr4	F：TTTCCCTCCCAAAGACCCT R：TCAACATCCCATTC	（GGC）₇	56	219 ~ 238
Estssr5	F：ATGGGAAAGGCAAGCAAGT R：CAATCTCGGACTCAAACAAC	（AGAAGG）₅	55	237 ~ 264
FRI02	F：GCAGAAGAGGTCGTCAAGG R：ACACACAACAAACCCAAGGA	（TA）₅（CCG）₆	59	451 ~ 488
FRI04	F：CCAACGACCAACCACACTCT R：TGGATTTTCTATTGTCGGTCGT	（CTT）₆	61	375 ~ 403
FRI12	F：AAATCTTCCTCAGCGCCTTA R：TTTCACAGATCTTATTGATGTCCA	（CT）₅（TC）₅	59	494 ~ 532
PGA11	F：GGCCGTTGATCATTTGATTT R：TTGTGAGGAACACACACACACA	（CT）₉	59	159 ~ 202
PGE13	F：GTCCCAATGATGATGATGATGAT R：TGATGGTCATCCCTTAGGAAA	（ATG）₈	59	160 ~ 202

引物 Primer	N_a等位基因数 Number of alleles	N_e有效等位基因数 Number of effective alleles	I Shannon’s信息指数 Shannon’s information index	H_o观测杂合度 Observed heterozygosity	H_e期待杂合度 Expected heterozygosity
Estssr1	19	2.011	1.322	0.462	0.503
Estssr2	9	1.479	0.786	0.325	0.324
Estssr3	17	2.965	1.438	0.352	0.663
Estssr4	5	1.303	0.438	0.265	0.232
Estssr5	9	1.448	0.658	0.345	0.314
FRI02	14	2.235	1.319	0.473	0.553
FRI04	14	3.986	1.725	0.738	0.749
FRI12	16	4.253	1.853	0.304	0.765
PGA11	12	2.810	1.308	0.943	0.644
PGE13	9	2.399	1.245	0.393	0.583
均值 Mean	12.4	2.489	1.209	0.460	0.533

引物 Primer	N_a等位基因数 Number of alleles	N_e有效等位基因数 Number of effective alleles	I Shannon’s信息指数 Shannon’s information index	H_o观测杂合度 Observed heterozygosity	H_e期待杂合度 Expected heterozygosity
Estssr1	19	2.011	1.322	0.462	0.503
Estssr2	9	1.479	0.786	0.325	0.324
Estssr3	17	2.965	1.438	0.352	0.663
Estssr4	5	1.303	0.438	0.265	0.232
Estssr5	9	1.448	0.658	0.345	0.314
FRI02	14	2.235	1.319	0.473	0.553
FRI04	14	3.986	1.725	0.738	0.749
FRI12	16	4.253	1.853	0.304	0.765
PGA11	12	2.810	1.308	0.943	0.644
PGE13	9	2.399	1.245	0.393	0.583
均值 Mean	12.4	2.489	1.209	0.460	0.533

种质 Germplasm	编号 Code			花朵主色 Flower main color	花朵斑纹类型 Flower pigmentation pattern	花朵材质 Flower texture
Phalaenopsis HYS-1	1			紫红色Purple-red	匀色无斑纹Evenly color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis‘Queen Beer’	7			紫红色Purple-red	匀色无斑纹Evenly color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis‘Philisander’	10			白 + 紫红色White & purple-red	线纹Stripes	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-18	18			紫红色Purple-red	匀色无斑纹Evenly color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis‘Sogo Pinkama’	19			白色略带粉White with slightly pink	匀色无斑纹Evenly color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-24	24			白 + 紫红色White & purple-red	线纹Stripes	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis‘Formosa Sunrise’	40			紫红色Purple-red	镶边纹Edged color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis‘Taipei Gold’	72			黄色Yellow	匀色无斑纹Evenly color	蜡质Waxy
Phalaenopsis HYS-73		73	黄色Yellow		匀色无斑纹Evenly color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-93		93	黄色Yellow		匀色无斑纹Evenly color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis‘Sogo Romantic’		95	黄色Yellow		斑点纹Spots	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis‘Yu Pin Rose’		96	紫红色Purple-red		匀色无斑纹Evenly color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis‘Luchia Pink’		98	白 + 紫红色White & purple-red		镶边纹Edged color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-99		99	紫红色Purple-red		匀色无斑纹Evenly color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis‘Meidarland Southerly’		108	黄 + 紫红色Yellow & purple-red		线纹 + 斑点纹Stripes & spots	蜡质Waxy
Phalaenopsis‘Ever-spring Angel’		137	白 + 紫红色White & purple-red		晕彩镶边纹Edged color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-157		157	紫红色Purple-red		匀色无斑纹Evenly color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-159		159	黄 + 紫红色Yellow & purple-red		斑点纹Spots	蜡质Waxy
Phalaenopsis‘Jiaho's Red Pixie’		163	紫红 + 白色Purple-red & white		镶边纹Edged color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis‘Formosa Rose’		166	紫红色Purple-red		线纹 + 斑点纹Stripes & spots	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis schilleriana		167	浅紫红色Light purple-red		匀色无斑纹Evenly color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis violacea		168	浅紫红 + 黄绿色 Light purple-red & yellow-green		镶边纹Edged color	蜡质Waxy
Phalaenopsis manni		170	黄 + 红色Yellow & red		线纹 + 斑点纹Stripes & spots	蜡质Waxy
Phalaenopsis HYS-174		174	黄 + 红色Yellow & red		斑点纹/蜡质花Spots	蜡质Waxy
Phalaenopsis HYS-177		177	紫红 + 白色Purple-red & white		线 + 斑点 + 镶边纹 Stripes & spots & edged color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-181		181	紫红色Purple-red		线纹Stripes	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis‘Taida Smile’		185	黄色Yellow		匀色无斑纹Evenly color	蜡质Waxy
Phalaenopsis HYS-207		207	白色White		匀色无斑纹Evenly color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-242		242	白+紫红色White & purple-red		斑点纹Spots	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-248		248	淡紫红色Light purple-red		匀色无斑纹Evenly color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-251		251	紫红色Purple-red		匀色无斑纹Evenly color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-253		253	黄绿色Yellow-green		匀色无斑纹Evenly color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS- 254		254	紫红色Purple-red		匀色无斑纹Evenly color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-255		255	紫红色Purple-red		线纹Stripes	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-269		269	白 + 紫红色White & purple-red		线 + 斑点 + 镶边纹 Stripes & spots & edged color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-284		284	浅黄色Light yellow		匀色无斑纹Evenly color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-286		286	黄 + 红色Yellow & red		斑块纹Spots	蜡质Waxy
Phalaenopsis HYS-292		292	紫红色Purple-red		匀色无斑纹Evenly color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-293		293	紫红 + 白色Purple-red & white		线纹Stripes	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-330		330	黄 + 紫红色Yellow & purple-red		斑点纹Spots	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-363		363	紫红色Purple-red		匀色无斑纹Evenly color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-370		370	白 + 紫红色White & purple-red		线纹 + 斑点纹Stripes & spots	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-372		372	浅紫红 + 白色Light purple-red & white		线纹 + 斑点纹Stripes & spots	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-375		375	白 + 浅紫红色White & light purple-red		镶边纹Edged color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-383		383	白 + 紫红色White & purple-red		斑纹Spots	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-384		384	紫红 + 白色Purple-red & white		镶边 + 线纹Edged color & stripes	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis‘Autumn Sun’		387	黄 + 红色Yellow & red		斑点纹Spots	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-388		388	黄色Yellow		匀色无斑纹Evenly color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-395		395	淡黄 + 红色Light yellow & red		斑块纹Spots	蜡质Waxy
Phalaenopsis HYS-396		396	黄 + 红色Yellow & red		斑点纹Spots	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-399		399	浅紫红色Light purple-red		匀色无斑纹Evenly color	纸质Velvety
Phalaenopsis HYS-426		426	黄 + 紫红色Yellow & purple-red		斑块纹Spots	蜡质Waxy
Phalaenopsis Queen Beer‘Red Flash’		442	紫红 + 白色Purple-red & white		镶边纹Edged color	纸质Velvety