紫薇种质资源和杂交育种研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0872

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

紫薇（Lagerstroemia indica）的种质资源极为丰富，包括多种自然种和栽培品种，基于此，全面综述了紫薇种质资源及杂交育种的研究进展，重点分析了种内杂交和远缘杂交的研究成果、杂交障碍的发生机制和应对策略以及杂交种鉴定技术。现有记录的紫薇属物种65种，育种工作者培育了众多不同类型的品种，但绝大多数为紫薇衍生品种，或者是紫薇与屋久岛紫薇（L. fauriei）、福建紫薇（L. limii）的种间杂交种。尽管紫薇与大花紫薇（L. speciosa）、尾叶紫薇（L. caudata）的种间杂交亲和，但前者杂交后代不育，不能进行回交；后者目前仅获得1个杂交品种。其余紫薇种间杂交或属间杂交，均存在受精前障碍或受精后障碍。为解决这些问题，研究人员通过授粉后向柱头喷施2,4-D或者采用胚胎离体培养等技术，成功获得了少量远缘杂交后代。目前杂交育种仍是培育紫薇新品种的主要手段，随着紫薇、大花紫薇等基因组数据的释放，通过对基因组数据进行挖掘分析，未来有望通过基因编辑技术实现对紫薇观赏性状的定向改良，从而快速培育出具有优良性状的紫薇新品种。

关键词: 紫薇, 种质资源, 杂交育种, 杂交障碍, 杂种鉴定

Abstract:

The germplasm resources of Lagerstroemia are extremely rich，including various natural species and cultivated varieties. Based on this，this article comprehensively reviews the research progress of the germplasm of Lagerstroemia and cross breeding，focusing on analyzing the research results of intraspecific hybridization and distant hybridization，the occurrence mechanism and coping strategies of hybridization barriers，and the identification techniques of hybrids. There are 65 recorded species of Lagerstroemia. Utilizing these abundant resources，breeders from various countries have cultivated a large number of different types of varieties. However，the vast majority are derivatives of L. indica or interspecific hybrids of L. indica and L. fauriei，or L. indica and L. limii. Although the interspecific hybridization between L. indica and L. speciosa，and between L. indica and L. caudata is compatible，the hybrid descendants of the former are sterile and cannot be backcrossed；for the latter，only one hybrid variety between the two has been obtained so far. For the remaining interspecific or intergeneric hybrids of Lagerstroemia，there are pre-fertilization or post-fertilization barriers. To solve these problems，researchers have successfully obtained a small number of distant hybrid descendants through techniques such as spraying 2,4-D on the stigma after pollination or embryo in vitro culture. Cross breeding is the main method for cultivating new varieties of Lagerstroemia at present，with the release of genomic data such as that of L. indica and L. speciosa，it is expected that through the mining and analysis of genomic data，the directional improvement of the ornamental traits of Lagerstroemia can be achieved through gene editing technology in the future，thereby rapidly cultivating new varieties of Lagerstroemia with excellent traits.

Key words: Lagerstroemia, germplasm, hybrid breeding, cross-incompatibility, hybrid identification

文雯, 倪龙杰, 王金凤, 陈卓梅. 紫薇种质资源和杂交育种研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(11): 3121-3138.

WEN Wen, NI Longjie, WANG Jinfeng, CHEN Zhuomei. Germplasm and Research Progress in Hybrid Breeding of Lagerstroemia[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(11): 3121-3138.

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物种 Species	自然分布 Natural distribution
L. alatulata Furtado & Montien	菲律宾 Philippines
安徽紫薇L. anhuiensis X. H. Guo & S. B. Zhou	中国安徽池州 Chizhou，Anhui，China
L. anisoptera Kohene	泰国 Thailand、马来西亚 Malaysia
L. archeriana Bailey	澳大利亚 Australia、新几内亚 New Guinea
L. aruensis Furtado & Montien	摩鹿加群岛 Moluccas
毛萼紫薇L. balansae Koehne	泰国 Thailand、中国 China、中南半岛 Indochina
L. borneensis Furtado & Montien	婆罗洲 Borneo
L. calyculata Kurz	缅甸 Myanmar、泰国 Thailand、中南半岛 Indochina
尾叶紫薇L. caudata Chun & F. C. How ex S. K. Lee & L. F. Lau	中国广东 Guangdong，China、中国广西 Guangxi，China
L. celebica Blume	苏门答腊岛 Sumatra、婆罗洲 Borneo、菲律宾 Philippines、苏拉威西岛 Sulawesi、摩鹿加群岛 Moluccas、新几内亚 New Guinea
L. cochinchinensis Pierre ex Lanessan	中南半岛 Indochina、泰国 Thailand
L. collinsae Craib	泰国 Thailand
L. costa-draconis Furtado & Montien	缅甸 Myanmar、泰国 Thailand、柬埔寨 Cambodia
L. crassifolia Furtado & Montien	婆罗洲 Borneo
L. crispa Pierre ex Laness.	泰国 Thailand、越南边和 Bien Hoa，Vietnam、越南宝江 Bao Chiang，Vietnam
L. cristatata Furtado & Montien	新几内亚 New Guinea
L. dielsiana Mansfeld	新几内亚 New Guinea
L. duperreana Pierre ex Gagnep.	泰国 Thailand、中南半岛 Indochina
川黔紫薇L. excelsa（Dode）Chun ex S. Lee & L.F. Lau	中国贵州 Guizhou，China、中国四川 Sichuan，China、中国湖北 Hubei，China
屋久岛紫薇L. fauriei Koehne	日本 Japan
L. floribunda Jack	泰国 Thailand、马来西亚 Malaysia、缅甸 Myanmar
广东紫薇L. fordii Oliv. & Koehne	中国广东 Guangdong，China、中国福建 Fujian，China
L. gagnepainii Furtado & Montien	中国 China
光紫薇L. glabra Koehne	中国广西 Guangxi，China、中国湖北 Hubei，China
桂林紫薇L. guilingensis S. K. Lee & L. F. Lau	中国广西 Guangxi，China
L. hypoleuca Kurz	印度 India
紫薇L. indica L.	中国 China、中南半岛 Indochina、日本 Japan
L. inopinata Furtado & Montien	菲律宾 Philippines
云南紫薇L. intermedia Koehne	中国云南思茅及澜沧 Simao and Canglan，Yunnan，China
L. koehneana K.Schuman	新几内亚 New Guinea
L. kratiensis W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes	柬埔寨 Cambodia
L. langkawiensis Furtado & Montien	马来西亚 Malaysia
L. lecomtei Gagnep.	中南半岛 Indochina
福建紫薇L. limii Merr.	中国福建 Fujin，China、中国浙江 Zhejiang，China、中国湖北 Hubei，China
劳氏紫薇L. loudonii Teijsm. & Binn.	泰国 Thailand、中南半岛 Indochina
L. macrocarpa Kurz	缅甸 Myanmar、泰国 Thailand、中南半岛 Indochina
勐腊紫薇L. menglaensis	中国云南 Yunnan，China
小花紫薇L. micrantha Merr.	中南半岛 Indochina，中国台湾 Taiwan，China
L. microcarpa Wight	印度 India
小果紫薇L. minuticarpa Debberm. ex. P.C. Kanjilal	印度 India，中国云南贡山 Gongshan，Yunnan，China、中国西藏墨脱 Motuo，Tibet，China
L. moluccana Furtado & Montien	摩鹿加群岛 Moluccas
L. noei Craib.	泰国 Thailand、中南半岛 Indochina
L. ovalifolia Teijsm & Binnend	马来西亚 Malesia、印度尼西亚 Indonesia、泰国 Thailand、中南半岛 Indochina、新几内亚 New Guinea
L. paniculata（Turcz.）S. Vidal	菲律宾 Philippines
小叶紫薇L. parviflora Roxb.	印度 India、缅甸 Myanmar、中国云南盈江 Yingjiang，Yunnan，China
L. petiolaris Pierre ex. Laness.	中南半岛 Indochina
L. piriformis Koehne	菲律宾 Philippines
L. pterosepala Furtado & Montien	菲律宾 Philippines
L. pustulata Furtado & Montien	婆罗洲 Borneo
L. quinquevalvis Koehne	中南半岛 Indochina
L. reginae Roxb.	印度 India、新几内亚 New Guinea 缅甸 Myanmar
南洋紫薇L. siamica Gagnep.	泰国 Thailand、缅甸 Myanmar、马来西亚 Malesia
大花紫薇L. speciosa（L.）Pers.	缅甸 Myanmar、泰国 Thailand、中南半岛 Indochina、马来西亚 Malesia、菲律宾 Philippines、印度 India、新几内亚 New Guinea
L. spireana Gagnep.	中南半岛 Indochina、泰国 Thailand
狭瓣紫薇L. stenopetala Chun	中国广东 Guangdong，China、中国广西 Guangxi，China
L. subangulata（Craib）Furtado & Montien	泰国 Thailand
南紫薇L. subcostata Koehne	中国 China、日本 Japan、菲律宾 Philippines
L. subsessilifolia Koehne	澳大利亚 Australia
网脉紫薇L. suprareticulata S. K. Lee & L. F. Lau	中国广西 Guangxi，China
绒毛紫薇L. tomentosa Presl	缅甸 Myanmar、中国 China、泰国 Thailand、中南半岛 Indochina
棱萼紫薇L. turbinate	马来西亚 Malesia、泰国 Thailand
L. undulata Koehne	泰国 Thailand
西双紫薇L. venusta Wall.	中国 China、缅甸 Myanmar、泰国 Thailand、中南半岛 Indochina
毛紫薇L. villosa Wall. ex Kurz	中国 China、缅甸 Myanmar、泰国 Thailand
L. yangii Chun	中国 China

物种 Species	自然分布 Natural distribution
L. alatulata Furtado & Montien	菲律宾 Philippines
安徽紫薇L. anhuiensis X. H. Guo & S. B. Zhou	中国安徽池州 Chizhou，Anhui，China
L. anisoptera Kohene	泰国 Thailand、马来西亚 Malaysia
L. archeriana Bailey	澳大利亚 Australia、新几内亚 New Guinea
L. aruensis Furtado & Montien	摩鹿加群岛 Moluccas
毛萼紫薇L. balansae Koehne	泰国 Thailand、中国 China、中南半岛 Indochina
L. borneensis Furtado & Montien	婆罗洲 Borneo
L. calyculata Kurz	缅甸 Myanmar、泰国 Thailand、中南半岛 Indochina
尾叶紫薇L. caudata Chun & F. C. How ex S. K. Lee & L. F. Lau	中国广东 Guangdong，China、中国广西 Guangxi，China
L. celebica Blume	苏门答腊岛 Sumatra、婆罗洲 Borneo、菲律宾 Philippines、苏拉威西岛 Sulawesi、摩鹿加群岛 Moluccas、新几内亚 New Guinea
L. cochinchinensis Pierre ex Lanessan	中南半岛 Indochina、泰国 Thailand
L. collinsae Craib	泰国 Thailand
L. costa-draconis Furtado & Montien	缅甸 Myanmar、泰国 Thailand、柬埔寨 Cambodia
L. crassifolia Furtado & Montien	婆罗洲 Borneo
L. crispa Pierre ex Laness.	泰国 Thailand、越南边和 Bien Hoa，Vietnam、越南宝江 Bao Chiang，Vietnam
L. cristatata Furtado & Montien	新几内亚 New Guinea
L. dielsiana Mansfeld	新几内亚 New Guinea
L. duperreana Pierre ex Gagnep.	泰国 Thailand、中南半岛 Indochina
川黔紫薇L. excelsa（Dode）Chun ex S. Lee & L.F. Lau	中国贵州 Guizhou，China、中国四川 Sichuan，China、中国湖北 Hubei，China
屋久岛紫薇L. fauriei Koehne	日本 Japan
L. floribunda Jack	泰国 Thailand、马来西亚 Malaysia、缅甸 Myanmar
广东紫薇L. fordii Oliv. & Koehne	中国广东 Guangdong，China、中国福建 Fujian，China
L. gagnepainii Furtado & Montien	中国 China
光紫薇L. glabra Koehne	中国广西 Guangxi，China、中国湖北 Hubei，China
桂林紫薇L. guilingensis S. K. Lee & L. F. Lau	中国广西 Guangxi，China
L. hypoleuca Kurz	印度 India
紫薇L. indica L.	中国 China、中南半岛 Indochina、日本 Japan
L. inopinata Furtado & Montien	菲律宾 Philippines
云南紫薇L. intermedia Koehne	中国云南思茅及澜沧 Simao and Canglan，Yunnan，China
L. koehneana K.Schuman	新几内亚 New Guinea
L. kratiensis W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes	柬埔寨 Cambodia
L. langkawiensis Furtado & Montien	马来西亚 Malaysia
L. lecomtei Gagnep.	中南半岛 Indochina
福建紫薇L. limii Merr.	中国福建 Fujin，China、中国浙江 Zhejiang，China、中国湖北 Hubei，China
劳氏紫薇L. loudonii Teijsm. & Binn.	泰国 Thailand、中南半岛 Indochina
L. macrocarpa Kurz	缅甸 Myanmar、泰国 Thailand、中南半岛 Indochina
勐腊紫薇L. menglaensis	中国云南 Yunnan，China
小花紫薇L. micrantha Merr.	中南半岛 Indochina，中国台湾 Taiwan，China
L. microcarpa Wight	印度 India
小果紫薇L. minuticarpa Debberm. ex. P.C. Kanjilal	印度 India，中国云南贡山 Gongshan，Yunnan，China、中国西藏墨脱 Motuo，Tibet，China
L. moluccana Furtado & Montien	摩鹿加群岛 Moluccas
L. noei Craib.	泰国 Thailand、中南半岛 Indochina
L. ovalifolia Teijsm & Binnend	马来西亚 Malesia、印度尼西亚 Indonesia、泰国 Thailand、中南半岛 Indochina、新几内亚 New Guinea
L. paniculata（Turcz.）S. Vidal	菲律宾 Philippines
小叶紫薇L. parviflora Roxb.	印度 India、缅甸 Myanmar、中国云南盈江 Yingjiang，Yunnan，China
L. petiolaris Pierre ex. Laness.	中南半岛 Indochina
L. piriformis Koehne	菲律宾 Philippines
L. pterosepala Furtado & Montien	菲律宾 Philippines
L. pustulata Furtado & Montien	婆罗洲 Borneo
L. quinquevalvis Koehne	中南半岛 Indochina
L. reginae Roxb.	印度 India、新几内亚 New Guinea 缅甸 Myanmar
南洋紫薇L. siamica Gagnep.	泰国 Thailand、缅甸 Myanmar、马来西亚 Malesia
大花紫薇L. speciosa（L.）Pers.	缅甸 Myanmar、泰国 Thailand、中南半岛 Indochina、马来西亚 Malesia、菲律宾 Philippines、印度 India、新几内亚 New Guinea
L. spireana Gagnep.	中南半岛 Indochina、泰国 Thailand
狭瓣紫薇L. stenopetala Chun	中国广东 Guangdong，China、中国广西 Guangxi，China
L. subangulata（Craib）Furtado & Montien	泰国 Thailand
南紫薇L. subcostata Koehne	中国 China、日本 Japan、菲律宾 Philippines
L. subsessilifolia Koehne	澳大利亚 Australia
网脉紫薇L. suprareticulata S. K. Lee & L. F. Lau	中国广西 Guangxi，China
绒毛紫薇L. tomentosa Presl	缅甸 Myanmar、中国 China、泰国 Thailand、中南半岛 Indochina
棱萼紫薇L. turbinate	马来西亚 Malesia、泰国 Thailand
L. undulata Koehne	泰国 Thailand
西双紫薇L. venusta Wall.	中国 China、缅甸 Myanmar、泰国 Thailand、中南半岛 Indochina
毛紫薇L. villosa Wall. ex Kurz	中国 China、缅甸 Myanmar、泰国 Thailand
L. yangii Chun	中国 China