梨296份种质资源果点性状综合评价

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0492

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以国家园艺种质资源库郑州梨分库296份种质资源为试材，在果实成熟期测定果实表面果点大小、密度、凹凸、单位果面果点面积之和，对不同种质资源果实外观品质进行感官综合评价，利用灰色关联分析（Grey relation analysis，GRA）和聚类分析（Cluster analysis，CA）建立不同种质资源果点性状综合评价模型。利用灰色关联分析法得出296份梨种质资源果点性状的相对关联度变化范围在0.3158 ~ 0.6526之间，将296份资源划分为优、良、中、差、极差5个等级。筛选出‘Autumn Red’‘Red Sensatian’‘中梨美萃’‘巴梨’‘大巴梨’等果点性状优良、外观品质优异的种质，及‘蒲瓜梨’‘细花麻壳’‘茌梨’‘恩梨’等果点性状差、外观品质不佳的种质。这一结果与感官评价结果一致。系统聚类分析法将296份梨种质资源聚为5类，对应果点性状优、良、中、差、极差5个等级，分别占种质资源的7.8%、8.8%、37.2%、34.1%、12.1%。综合以上分析方法筛选出的果点性状优异的种质资源可作为梨外观品质改良的基础材料，果点性状极差的种质资源可作为研究梨果点性状的形成和调控机制的材料。

关键词: 梨, 种质资源, 果点, 综合评价

Abstract:

In this study，a total of 296 pear germplasms from National Horticulture Germplasm Resources Center Pear Branch Center（Zhengzhou）were collected for fruit spots observation，data collection and photography. During fruit harvesting period，the indicated pear germplasms were sampled and different fruit spot traits，including fruit spots size，fruit spots density，fruit spots height，and the fruit spots area in unit area were comprehensively analyzed. Additionally，sensory evaluation of fruit appearance quality associated with fruit spots in different pear germplasms was performed，and the apperance quality of different pear germplasms was evaluated by grey relation analysis（GRA）and cluster analysis（CA）to establish a comprehensive evaluation model for pear fruit spot traits. The results showed that the relative correlation degree of fruit spots of 296 pear resources ranged from 0.3158 to 0.6526，and the 296 resources were classified into five grades：excellent，good，medium，poor，and extremely poor. Pear varieties including‘Autumn Red’‘Silk Red’‘Red Sensatian’‘Zhongli Meicui’‘Barlett’and‘Dabali’were screened out with excellent fruit spot traits，which have good appearance quality and were consistent with the actual production fruit exterior. On the contrary，pear varieties including‘Puguali’‘Xihuamake’‘Chili’and‘Enli’were screened out with extremely poor fruit spot traits，which have poor appearance quality. Furthermore，the fruit spot traits of 296 pear germplasm resources were divided into five grades by cluster analysis，including excellent，good，medium，poor and extremely poor，which accounted for 7.8%，8.8%，37.1%，34.1% and 12.1% of the tested materials，respectively. Above all，the germplasm resources with excellent fruit spot traits will lay the foundation for the improvement of pear appearance quality，and the germplasm resources with poor fruit traits will be helpful for the investigation of the formation and regulation mechanism underlying pear fruit spots.

Key words: pear, germplasm, fruit spot, comprehensive evaluation

端瑞薇, 张向展, 李博, 王梦茹, 解亚荣, 李配, 王磊, 杨健, 薛华柏. 梨296份种质资源果点性状综合评价[J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(11): 2305-2322.

DUAN Ruiwei, ZHANG Xiangzhan, LI Bo, WANG Mengru, XIE Yarong, LI Pei, WANG Lei, YANG Jian, XUE Huabai. Comprehensive Evaluation of Fruit Spots in 296 Pear Germplasm Resources[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(11): 2305-2322.

图/表 12

参考文献 38

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感官特征 Organoleptic property	评分标准Rating scale
感官特征 Organoleptic property	9	7	5	3	1
果点大小Fruit spot size	极小Minimal	小Small	中等Medium	大Big	极大Maximum
果点密度Fruit spot density	稀疏Thin	较疏Slightly thin	中等Medium	较密Slightly intensive	密Intensive
果点凹凸Fruit spot height	凹Hollow	微凸Slightly convex	中等Medium	凸Convex	极凸Extremely convex
果点显隐Fruit spot area	隐Hidden	较隐Slightly hidden	中等Medium	较显Slightly obvious	明显Obvious
果面光洁度Fruit finish	光滑Smooth	较光滑Slightly smooth	略粗糙Slightly coarse	粗糙Coarse	极粗Extremely coarse

感官特征 Organoleptic property	评分标准Rating scale
感官特征 Organoleptic property	9	7	5	3	1
果点大小Fruit spot size	极小Minimal	小Small	中等Medium	大Big	极大Maximum
果点密度Fruit spot density	稀疏Thin	较疏Slightly thin	中等Medium	较密Slightly intensive	密Intensive
果点凹凸Fruit spot height	凹Hollow	微凸Slightly convex	中等Medium	凸Convex	极凸Extremely convex
果点显隐Fruit spot area	隐Hidden	较隐Slightly hidden	中等Medium	较显Slightly obvious	明显Obvious
果面光洁度Fruit finish	光滑Smooth	较光滑Slightly smooth	略粗糙Slightly coarse	粗糙Coarse	极粗Extremely coarse

性状 Trait	分级 Grading
性状 Trait	1	2	3	4	5
果点大小/mm² Fruit spot size	极大Maximum S > 1	大Big S：0.5 ~ 1.0	中等Medium S：0.2 ~ 0.49	小Small S：0.10 ~ 0.19	极小Minimal S < 0.10
果点密度/(个 · 视野^-1) Fruit spots density	密Intensive N > 5	较密Slightly intensive 4.1 ~ 5.0	中等Medium 3.1 ~ 4.0	较疏Slightly thin 2.6 ~ 3.0	疏Thin N ≤ 2.5
果点凹凸/μm Fruit spot height	极凸Extremely convex H > 100	凸Convex 70.1 ~ 100	中等Medium 40.1 ~ 70.0	微凸Slightly convex 0 ~ 40	凹Hollow H < 0
果点面积之和/mm² Fruit spot area	明显Obvious A > 2	较显Slightly obvious A：1.51 ~ 2.0	中等Medium A：0.51 ~ 1.50	较隐Slightly hidden A：0.21 ~ 0.50	隐Hidden A ≤ 0.2

性状 Trait	分级 Grading
性状 Trait	1	2	3	4	5
果点大小/mm² Fruit spot size	极大Maximum S > 1	大Big S：0.5 ~ 1.0	中等Medium S：0.2 ~ 0.49	小Small S：0.10 ~ 0.19	极小Minimal S < 0.10
果点密度/(个 · 视野^-1) Fruit spots density	密Intensive N > 5	较密Slightly intensive 4.1 ~ 5.0	中等Medium 3.1 ~ 4.0	较疏Slightly thin 2.6 ~ 3.0	疏Thin N ≤ 2.5
果点凹凸/μm Fruit spot height	极凸Extremely convex H > 100	凸Convex 70.1 ~ 100	中等Medium 40.1 ~ 70.0	微凸Slightly convex 0 ~ 40	凹Hollow H < 0
果点面积之和/mm² Fruit spot area	明显Obvious A > 2	较显Slightly obvious A：1.51 ~ 2.0	中等Medium A：0.51 ~ 1.50	较隐Slightly hidden A：0.21 ~ 0.50	隐Hidden A ≤ 0.2

类型 Type	品种名 Variety	大小/mm Size	凹凸/μm Height	密度 Density	面积/mm² Area	感官评价 Sensory evaluation		聚类分析 CA
西洋梨 Pyrus communis L.	Autumn Red	0.019	-55.56	7.25	0.15	E		1
	Red Sensatian	0.025	-15.88	6.75	0.16	E		1
	Rossa	0.027	-71.63	3.90	0.11	E		1
	Bartlett	0.037	-54.72	5.00	0.20	E		1
	Silk Red	0.014	-37.06	4.85	0.06	E		1
	Red Palacer	0.021	-32.74	4.65	0.11	E		1
	捷3 Jie 3	0.056	-19.64	6.05	0.29	E		1
	大巴梨 Dabali	0.032	-55.10	3.55	0.69	E	1
	Conference	0.036	-6.23	3.10	0.11	E	2
	考密斯 Doyenne du Comice	0.096	48.99	3.35	0.35	G	3
	身不知 Mishirazi	0.210	68.37	3.75	0.13	G	3
白梨 P. bretshneideri Rehd.	水红霄 Shuihongxiao	0.062	34.59	8.10	0.39	E	1
	红山梨 Hongshanli	0.074	31.19	3.35	0.30	G	3
	铁农一号 Tienong 1	0.160	45.98	3.80	0.60	G	3
	秋白梨 Qiubaili	0.157	44.96	3.05	0.37	G	3
	白皮酥 Baipisu	0.156	50.11	3.00	0.44	G	3
	假京白梨_1 Jiajing Baili_1	0.222	29.73	4.00	0.89	M	3
	早金花2 Zaojinhua 2	0.199	62.30	4.05	0.69	M	3
	假京白梨_2 Jiajing Baili_2	0.215	69.51	4.40	0.81	M	3
	崇化大梨 Chonghua Dali	0.299	36.13	2.85	0.61	M	3
	大头梨 Datouli	0.231	46.26	3.55	1.02	M	4
	德胜香梨 Desheng Xiangli	0.229	84.55	5.90	1.41	M	4
	阳信大鸭梨 Yangxin Dayali	0.306	42.34	3.20	0.98	M	4
	黄县长把梨Huangxian Changbali	0.358	35.59	3.35	1.23	P	4
	白皮金川雪梨 Baipijinchuan Xueli	0.383	76.98	2.70	1.10	P	4
	赵县大鸭梨 Zhaoxian Dayali	0.204	58.31	2.53	1.90	P	4
	水洞瓜 Shuidonggua	0.994	54.34	3.35	0.87	EP	4
	高平大黄 Gaoping Dahuang	0.539	76.31	2.90	1.36	EP	4
	茌梨 Chili	0.709	106.64	2.63	1.97	EP	4
	恩梨 Enli	0.954	107.23	2.68	2.49	EP	5
新疆梨砂梨 P. sinkiangensis Yü	霍城黄句句 Huocheng Huangjuju	0.047	17.67	7.65	0.35	E	1
	库尔勒香梨 Kuerle Xiangli	0.078	19.55	5.10	0.30	E	2
	它西阿木特 Taxiamute	0.058	38.90	4.95	0.23	G	2
	新引2 Xinyin 2	0.099	48.39	7.25	0.73	G	2
	新引1 Xinyin 1	0.135	48.99	3.90	0.52	G	3
秋子梨 P. ussuriensis Max.	福安尖把 Fu’an Jianba	0.130	45.98	10.65	1.19	E	1
	秋子梨 Qiuzili	0.158	43.02	4.30	0.55	G	3
	红南果 Hongnanguo	0.400	80.99	2.80	1.18	P	4
	安梨 Anli	0.492	69.57	3.65	1.83	EP	4
	清沟沙疙瘩 Qinggou Shageda	0.383	76.98	2.70	1.10	EP	4
砂梨 P. pyrifolia Nakai	八云 Yakumo	0.062	7.80	3.30	0.19	E	2
	江岛 Enoshima	0.146	-28.74	2.00	0.26	E	3
	金花早2 Jinhuazao 2	0.114	58.32	4.20	0.57	G	3
	火把梨 Huobali	0.132	67.95	6.13	1.12	G	3
	新世纪 Shinseiki	0.197	46.98	4.70	0.85	G	3
	青松 Qingsong	0.202	35.07	3.65	0.83	M	3
	灯泡 Dengpao	0.428	72.00	3.05	1.29	M	3
	云和雪梨 Yunhexueli	0.272	44.32	2.95	0.72	M	4
	巍山红雪梨 Weishan Hongxueli	0.270	52.66	2.95	0.71	M	4
	毕节鸭梨 Bijie Yali	0.412	96.91	3.00	1.27	P	4
	新高芽变 Xingao Yabian	0.541	86.56	3.55	1.41	EP	4
	蛮梨 Manli	0.332	120.93	3.60	1.48	EP	4
	早生赤 Waseaka	0.457	92.76	2.45	1.14	P	4
沙梨 P. pyrifolia Nakai	二宫白 Ninomiyahuri	0.410	112.31	2.80	1.18	EP	4
	云南黄金梨 Yunnnn Huangjinli	0.576	108.11	4.00	2.56	EP	4
	郑和大雪 Zhenghe Daxue	1.043	121.29	2.30	2.00	EP	5
	富源黄梨 Fuyuan Huangli	1.111	90.66	2.15	2.25	EP	5
	筑波49号 Tsukuba 49	0.988	96.43	2.65	2.63	EP	5
	A2_8	1.107	120.12	2.40	2.35	EP	5
	丽江芝麻 Lijiangzhima	1.035	126.46	2.45	2.43	EP	5
	明月 Meigetsu	1.153	132.53	2.25	2.60	EP	5
	台湾蜜雪梨 Taiwan Mixueli	1.254	111.91	2.10	2.70	EP	5
	红皮梨 Hongpili	1.637	112.26	1.80	2.88	EP	5
	细花麻壳 Xihua Make	1.594	161.80	1.75	2.75	EP	5
	蒲瓜梨 Pugu1li	1.623	146.96	2.10	3.40	EP	5
	八幸 Hakko	1.723	158.34	1.75	2.97	EP	5
	晚三吉 Okusankichii	1.671	163.19	2.10	3.30	EP	5
	苍梧大沙梨 Cangwu Dashali	1.674	160.26	2.30	3.65	EP	5
	鲁南小黄梨 Lu’nan Xiaohuangli	2.069	206.13	1.90	3.85	EP	5
	鲁南黄梨 Lu’nan Huangli	2.355	222.26	1.70	3.83	EP	5
杂交品种Hybrid	中翠 Zhongcui	0.051	-41.26	3.80	0.19	E	1
	初夏绿 Chuxialü	0.069	-32.87	3.65	0.21	E	1
	龙泉19 Longquan 19	0.039	24.12	5.65	0.22	E	1
	中梨美萃 Zhongli Meicui	0.066	17.35	4.95	0.34	E	2
	西子绿 Xizilü	0.061	-29.49	2.65	0.18	E	2
	八月酥 Bayuesu	0.076	8.30	4.60	0.34	E	2
	玉美人 Yumeiren	0.084	-5.41	3.85	0.35	E	2
	丹霞红 Danxiahong	0.067	-9.88	2.70	0.22	E	2
	新梨7号 Xinli 7	0.043	25.79	3.65	0.18	E	2
	锦香 Jinxiang	0.094	32.05	4.20	0.36	E	2
	七月红香梨 Qiyuehongxiangli	0.103	28.58	2.85	0.30	G	3
	早酥蜜 Zaosumi	0.163	39.28	4.65	0.75	G	3
	A8_37	0.293	34.19	4.40	0.57	G	3
	龙园洋红梨 Longyuan Yanghongli	0.158	63.41	4.85	0.75	G	3
	华梨2号 Huali 2	0.184	25.22	3.50	0.71	G	3
	满天红 Mantianhong	0.193	37.81	3.85	0.66	G	3
	S2	0.184	46.58	4.15	0.73	G	3
	苹香梨 Pingxiangli	0.186	68.91	4.20	0.77	M	3
	A11_13	0.331	66.22	3.60	0.38	M	3
	甘梨早8 Ganlizao 8	0.254	59.65	4.05	0.91	M	3
	杭青 Hangqing	0.225	65.38	4.20	1.00	M	3
	冀蜜 Jimi	0.288	48.11	3.05	0.82	M	4
	龙泉酥 Longquansu	0.208	65.81	3.35	0.94	M	4
	早红玉 Zaohongyu	0.265	49.75	2.00	0.54	P	4
	中梨3号 Zhongli 3	0.301	65.33	3.85	1.10	M	4
	玉冠 Yuguan	0.496	102.60	3.70	1.79	EP	4
	清香 Qingxiang	0.620	101.71	3.55	2.08	EP	4