丛枝菌根真菌增强果树抗旱性的机制与应用挑战

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0860

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在全球气候变化背景下，干旱胁迫成为限制果树产业发展的重要非生物胁迫因子。丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi，AMF）与绝大多数果树根系形成互惠互利共生体系，在增强果树抗旱性中发挥重要作用。本文中概述了干旱对果树根系AMF定殖的影响，综述了AMF增强果树抗旱性的潜在机制，包括增强水分吸收与运输、促进养分吸收、改善渗透调节、激活抗氧化防御系统、维持光合作用、调节多胺平衡、优化脂肪酸代谢和加速信号转导等机制，并进一步总结了AMF在果树抗旱栽培中的应用现状、前景和挑战，并对未来研究方向进行了展望，以期为利用AMF技术缓解果树干旱胁迫、实现节水高效栽培提供依据。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 果树, 抗旱性, 抗氧化防御, 水分吸收, 抗旱栽培, 综述

Abstract:

In light of global climate change，drought stress has emerged as a significant abiotic factor limiting the development of the fruit production industry. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF），which form mutualistic symbiotic associations with the roots of most plants（including the vast majority of fruit trees），play a crucial role in enhancing drought tolerance in plants. This review highlights the effects of drought on AMF colonization within fruit tree roots and summarizes the potential mechanisms through which AMF enhance drought tolerance. These mechanisms encompass the enhanced water uptake and transport，the facilitation of nutrient acquisition，the modulation of osmotic adjustment，the activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms，the maintenance of photosynthesis and growth，the regulation of polyamine homeostasis，the optimization of fatty acid metabolism，and the acceleration of signal transduction pathways. Furthermore，this review discusses the existing applications，prospects，and challenges associated with using AMF in the fruit tree cultivation for drought resistance. Additionally，future researches are proposed to lay the groundwork for utilizing AMF technology to mitigate drought stress and achieve water-efficient，high-yield fruit tree cultivation.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fruit trees, drought tolerance, antioxidant defense, water uptake, drought-resistant cultivation, review

肖旺, 张菲, 郑凤玲, 邹英宁, 吴强盛. 丛枝菌根真菌增强果树抗旱性的机制与应用挑战[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(4): 972-984.

XIAO Wang, ZHANG Fei, ZHENG Fengling, ZOU Yingning, WU Qiangsheng. Mechanisms and Challenges in the Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Enhancing Drought Tolerance in Fruit Trees[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(4): 972-984.

图/表 2

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