丁香杜鹃多倍体诱导及鉴定

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0493

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

使用秋水仙素对丁香杜鹃组培苗茎尖以及愈伤组织进行多倍体诱导，结果表明：秋水仙素浓度2.0 g · L^-1处理24 h是诱导茎尖加倍的最佳组合，诱导率达到16.67%；秋水仙素浓度0.5 g · L^-1处理24 h是诱导愈伤组织加倍的最佳组合，诱导率为6.67%。对诱导后成活的植株进行倍性鉴定，四倍体植株整体更为矮小，叶片变大增厚，且颜色表现出显著差异，气孔密度相较二倍体显著下降，保卫细胞显著增大。四倍体植株的叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、花青素含量及POD活力显著高于二倍体。

关键词: 丁香杜鹃, 染色体加倍, 愈伤组织, 秋水仙素, 倍性鉴定

Abstract:

Polyploid induction of shoot tip and callus of tissue culture seedlings of Rhododendron farrerae by colchicine was carried out. The results showed that the treatment of colchicine concentration of 2.0 g · L^-1 for 24 h was the best combination for inducing stem tip doubling，and the induction rate reached 16.67%. The treatment of colchicine concentration 0.5 g · L^-1 for 24 h was the best combination for inducing callus doubling，and the induction rate was 6.67%. Ploidy identification was performed on the surviving plants after induction. It was observed that the tetraploid plants were shorter and smaller as a whole，the leaves of the tetraploid plants became larger and thicker and showed significant differences in color，the stomatal density was significantly lower than that of the diploid，and the guard cells were significantly increased. The leaf relative water content，chlorophyll content，anthocyanin content and POD activity of tetraploid plants were significantly higher than those of diploid plants.

Key words: Rhododendron farrerae, chromosomal doubling, callus, colchicine, polyploid identification

中图分类号:

S685.21

孙毓雯, 刘秀群. 丁香杜鹃多倍体诱导及鉴定[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(9): 2669-2678.

SUN Yuwen, LIU Xiuqun. Polyploid Induction and Identification of Rhododendron farrerae[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(9): 2669-2678.

图/表 10

图1 丁香杜鹃无菌苗组培材料

Fig. 1 Tissue culture material of sterile seedlings of Rhododendron farrerae

表1 秋水仙素不同处理对丁香杜鹃带叶茎尖的诱变效果

Table 1 Mutagenic effectiveness of different treatments of colchicine on shoot tip with leaves of Rhododendron farrerae

编号 Number	处理浓度/（g · L^-1） Treatment concentration	处理时间/h Treatment time	成活率/% Survival	诱导率/% Inducibility rate
1	0	24	100.00 ± 0.00 a	0 b
2	0	48	100.00 ± 0.00 a	0 b
3	0.5	24	100.00 ± 0.00 a	10.00 ± 10.00 ab
4	0.5	48	93.33 ± 11.55 a	6.67 ± 5.77 ab
5	1.0	24	96.67 ± 5.77 a	3.33 ± 5.77 b
6	1.0	48	86.67 ± 15.28 ab	0 b
7	2.0	24	96.67 ± 5.77 a	16.67 ± 15.28 a
8	2.0	48	70.00 ± 26.46 b	0 b

表2 秋水仙素不同处理对丁香杜鹃愈伤组织的诱变效果

Table 2 Mutagenic effectiveness of different treatments of colchicine on callus of Rhododendron farrerae

编号	处理浓度/（g ·L^-1）	处理时间/h	成活率/%	诱导率/%
Number	Treatment concentration	Treatment time	Survival	Inducibility rate
1	0	24	100.00 ± 0.00 a	0 a
2	0	48	100.00 ± 0.00 a	0 a
3	0.25	24	100.00 ± 0.00 a	0 a
4	0.25	48	86.67 ± 23.09 a	0 a
5	0.50	24	93.33 ± 11.55 a	6.67 ± 11.55 a
6	0.50	48	96.67 ± 5.77 a	3.33 ± 5.77 a
7	1.00	24	93.33 ± 5.77 a	0 a
8	1.00	48	100.00 ± 0.00 a	0 a

图2 流式细胞仪检测结果 A：黄杯杜鹃（二倍体）；B：丁香杜鹃（对照）；C：四倍体；D：二倍体—四倍体嵌合体

Fig. 2 Flow cytometry results A：Rhododendron wardii（Diploid）；B：R. farrerae（Control）；C：Tetraploid；D：Diploid-tetraploid chimera

图3 丁香杜鹃二倍体与四倍体形态学比较

Fig. 3 Morphological comparison between diploid and tetraploid of Rhododendron farrerae

图4 丁香杜鹃二倍体与四倍体叶片形态对比

Fig. 4 Comparison of leaf morphology between diploid and tetraploid of Rhododendron farrerae * P < 0.05，** P < 0.01

图5 10 × 40视野下丁香杜鹃下表皮气孔

Fig. 5 Stomatal image of lower epidermis of Rhododendron farrerae under 10 × 40 field of vision

表3 二倍体与四倍体叶片下表皮气孔观察数据

Table 3 Observation data of stomata on lower epidermis of diploid and tetraploid leaves

倍性 Ploidy	气孔密度/（个 · mm^-2） Stoma density	保卫细胞长/μm Guard cell length	保卫细胞宽/μm Guard cell width
二倍体 Diploid	613.40 ± 5.59	16.18 ± 1.12	14.12 ± 0.83
四倍体 Tetraploid	286.60 ± 1.95^**	24.60 ± 2.77^**	21.50 ± 1.84^**

表4 丁香杜鹃二倍体与四倍体叶片相对含水量比较

Table 4 Comparison of relative water content between diploid and tetraploid leaves of Rhododendron farrerae

倍性 Ploidy	叶片鲜质量/g Leaf fresh weight	叶片饱和鲜质量/g Saturated fresh weight of leaves	叶片干质量/g Leaf dry weight	叶片相对含水量/% Leaf relative water content
二倍体 Diploid	0.0121 ± 0.0003	0.0149 ± 0.0002	0.0044 ± 0.0003	72.9600 ± 0.0087
四倍体 Tetraploid	0.0141 ± 0.0006^**	0.0168 ± 0.0005^**	0.0051 ± 0.0002^*	77.6000 ± 0.0238^*

图6 丁香杜鹃四倍体与二倍体叶绿素含量、花青素含量、POD活力、SOD活性比较

Fig. 6 Comparison of chlorophyll content，anthocyanin content，POD activity and SOD activity between tetraploid and diploid of Rhododendron farrerae ns P > 0.05，* P < 0.05，** P < 0.01

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