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园艺学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 11-22.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0437

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

秋水仙素处理‘无核丰’枣的减数分裂行为2n花粉的形成

吕 晔,胡 兰,王利虎,刘 平*,刘孟军*   

  1. 河北农业大学中国枣研究中心,河北省枣产业技术研究院,河北保定 071001
  • 出版日期:2017-01-25 发布日期:2017-01-25
  • 基金资助:

    国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD14B03);河北省百名优秀创新人才支持计划(Ⅱ)项目(BR2-217);河北省科技计划项目(16226313D-1);农业科研杰出人才及创新团队计划项目(2016-2020);河北省枣产业技术研究院建设引导经费项目(16967645D);河北省高层次人才资助项目(20120320)

Meiosis and 2n Pollen Formation of Ziziphus jujuba‘Wuhefeng’After Treated with Colchicine

Lü Ye,HU Lan,WANG Lihu,LIU Ping*,and LIU Mengjun*   

  1. Research Center of Chinese JujubeAgricultural University of HebeiInstitute of Jujube Industry Technology of Hebei ProvinceBaodingHebei 071001China
  • Online:2017-01-25 Published:2017-01-25

摘要:

运用压片法对秋水仙素滴注处理后的‘无核丰’枣小孢子母细胞减数分裂行为及其与花蕾外部形态变化的相关性进行了研究,并测定了2n花粉的比例。结果表明:秋水仙素处理后枣小孢子母细胞第一次减数分裂正常;在减数分裂前期Ⅱ观察到胞质分裂异常现象;中期Ⅱ纺锤体主要有4种类型:平行型、垂直型、八字型和融合型,分别占27.31%、19.35%、45.27%和8.06%;四分体时期观察到二分体、三分体、四分体,分别占6.00%、43.04%、50.96%;定位异常纺锤体八字型与融合型分别与三分体、二分体呈正相关;秋水仙素处理后‘无核丰’枣2n花粉的形成受胞质分裂异常、纺锤体定位异常两种机制控制,因纺锤体定位异常而产生的2n花粉占2n花粉总数的小孢子母细胞减数分裂进程与花蕾外部形态变化具有对应关系,花蕾直径达到1.34 mm时,小孢子母细胞开始进入减数分裂;达到1.68 mm时,小孢子母细胞进入四分体时期;超过1.92 mm时,减数分裂结束,且有大量花粉粒形成。2n花粉诱导最佳的秋水仙素滴注时期为细线期末期,即花蕾直径在1.34 ~ 1.42 mm时,诱导后‘无核丰’枣2n花粉发生比例为17.36%。96.97%,遗传上等同于FDR(第1次分裂重组)型配子,因胞质分裂异常产生的2n花粉在遗传上等同于SDR(第2次分裂重组)型配子;秋水仙素处理后‘无核丰’枣2n花粉绝大多数为FDR型,因而在枣有性多倍化中具有重要的利用价值。

关键词: 枣, 秋水仙素处理, 减数分裂, 2n花粉, 花粉形态

Abstract:

The microspore mother cell and correlation between meiosis process and flower bud external morphology of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.‘Wuhefeng’treated with colchicine were studied using squash preparation,and the ratio of 2n pollen was determined. The results showed that the first meiosis of microspore mother cell treated with colchicine was normal. Abnormal cytokinesis was observed at the prophaseⅡ;There were four types of spindle body at the metaphaseⅡ,i.e.,parallel type,vertical type, splay type,fusion type,accounting for 27.31%,19.35%,45.27% and 8.06%,respectively. Dyad,triad and tetrad were observed at tetrad stage,accounting for 6.00%,43.04% and 50.96%,respectively. Splay spindle body and fusion body(abnormal-position)were positively correlated with triad and dyad,respectively. The microspore mother cell analyses revealed that 2n pollen resulted from abnormal cytokinesis during prophaseⅡand spindles of abnormal-position during metaphaseⅡof microsporogenesis. And 96.97% of 2n pollen formation was controlled by abnormal-position spindle,which were genetically equivalent to first division restitution(FDR)type of gamete formation that can translate 80% heterozygosity. The other 2n pollens were genetically equivalent to second division restitution(SDR)type of gamete formation which can translate 40% heterozygosity. Thus 2n pollen produced from‘Wuhefeng’treated with colchicine can provide potential value for polyploidy breedingin Z. jujuba Mill. Microspore meiosis process had a corresponding relationship with flower bud external morphology. When the flower bud diameter reached 1.34 mm,microspore mother cells entered into meiosis. The pollen mother cells entered into tetrad period when the flower bud diameter reached 1.68 mm. When the flower bud diameter was more than 1.92 mm,the meiosis was finished and a large number of pollen grains formed. The optimal period of colchicine treatment for 2n pollen induction was at the end of leptotene,when flower bud diameter ranged from 1.34 mm to 1.42 mm. In this situation,the incidence rate of 2n pollen in‘Wuhefeng’jujube substantially increased up to 17.36% compared to the untreated natural one of only 0.

Key words: Ziziphus jujuba, colchicine treatment, meiosis, 2n pollen, pollen morphology

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