高温诱导粗糠树花粉染色体加倍技术研究

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0788

园艺学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (10): 2666-2676.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0788

• 遗传育种·种质资源·分子生物学 • 上一篇下一篇

高温诱导粗糠树花粉染色体加倍技术研究

张钰¹^,², 耿喜宁², 彭朝凤²^,³, 李美育², 齐帅征², 杨英军¹^,^*(), 程世平²^,^*()

¹ 河南科技大学园艺与植物保护学院，河南洛阳 471000
² 平顶山学院化学与环境工程学院，河南省生态经济型木本植物种质创新与利用重点实验室，河南平顶山 467000
³ 河南科技大学农学院，河南洛阳 471000

收稿日期:2024-11-24 修回日期:2025-06-27 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-10-28
通讯作者:
^* E-mail：yangyingjun2003@126.com，
shipingcheng@163.com
基金资助:
河南省科技兴林项目(YLK202216); 河南省科技兴林果用粗糠树优良种质创制及生产关键技术研究(YLK202514); 河南省科技攻关项目(242102110278); 河南省科技攻关项目(252102110332); 博士启动基金项目(PXY-BSQD-202109)

Pollen Chromosome Doubling of Ehretia macrophylla Induced by High Temperature

ZHANG Yu¹^,², GENG Xining², PENG Chaofeng²^,³, LI Meiyu², QI Shuaizheng², YANG Yingjun¹^,^*(), CHENG Shiping²^,^*()

¹ College of Horticulture and Plant Protection，Henan University of Science and Technology，Luoyang，Henan 471000，China
² Henan Province Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Woody Plant，School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering，Pingdingshan University，Pingdingshan，Henan 467000，China
³ College of Agriculture，Henan University of Science and Technology，Luoyang，Henan 471000，China

Received:2024-11-24 Revised:2025-06-27 Published:2025-10-25 Online:2025-10-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以粗糠树（Ehretia macrophylla）花蕾为试验材料，探究粗糠树小孢子减数分裂进程和高温诱导产生2n花粉的最佳条件，建立适宜的花粉染色体加倍技术体系。将剥离的粗糠树花药滴加醋酸洋红并放置于显微镜下观察其减数分裂进程，在明确花粉母细胞减数分裂进程的基础上，对处于减数分裂前期的花蕾进行38、40、42 ℃高温处理4 h。结果发现，粗糠树花粉母细胞减数分裂进程大部分集中在花蕾纵径2.0 ~ 4.0 mm时，存在明显的不同步性。当花蕾纵径长度介于2.0 ~ 3.0 mm时，76.5%花蕾处于减数分裂前期Ⅰ，当花蕾纵径长度介于3.6 ~ 4.0 mm，减数分裂进程基本结束，这表明花蕾纵径长度与花粉母细胞减数分裂具有明显的相关性；当花蕾纵径介于2.6 ~ 3.0 mm（处于粗线期至双线期时）42 ℃处理4 h，可得到高比率（15.14%）的2n花粉。

关键词: 粗糠树, 高温诱导, 染色体加倍, 减数分裂, 2n花粉

Abstract:

In present study，flower buds of Ehretia macrophylla were selected as the experimental material. The meiotic process of microspores of E. macrophylla was investigated. The optimal conditions for inducing pollen chromosome doubling by high-temperature exposure were identified and in order to establish technique for high temperature-induced pollen chromosome doubling in E. macrophylla. The anthers of E. macrophyllawere dropped with acetocarmine solution and placed under a microscope to observe the process of meiosis. On the basis of clarifying the meiosis process of pollen mother cells flower buds in meiotic prophase Ⅰ to high temperatures of 38，40 and 42 ℃ with 4 hours treatment. The findings indicated that the meiosis process of pollen mother cells in E. macrophylla mostly concentrated when the longitudinal diameter of flower buds was 2.0-4.0 mm and there was obvious asynchrony. When the longitudinal diameter of the flower buds was between 2.0-3.0 mm，76.5% of the flower buds of E. macrophylla were in the premeiotic stage Ⅰ，when the longitudinal diameter of the flower buds was between 3.6-4.0 mm，meiosis basically completed，indicating that there was a significant correlation between the longitudinal diameter of the flower buds and meiosis of pollen mother cells. When the longitudinal diameter of the flower bud is between 2.6-3.0 mm in which pollen mother cells were at the packytene to diplotene stage，a high rate of 2n pollen（15.14%）were obtained after 4 h treatment at 42 ℃.

Key words: Ehretia macrophylla, high temperature induction, chromosome doubling, meiosis, 2n pollen

张钰, 耿喜宁, 彭朝凤, 李美育, 齐帅征, 杨英军, 程世平. 高温诱导粗糠树花粉染色体加倍技术研究[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(10): 2666-2676.

ZHANG Yu, GENG Xining, PENG Chaofeng, LI Meiyu, QI Shuaizheng, YANG Yingjun, CHENG Shiping. Pollen Chromosome Doubling of Ehretia macrophylla Induced by High Temperature[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(10): 2666-2676.

图/表 7

图1 粗糠树花粉母细胞减数分裂进程 A：孢母细胞；B：细线期；C：粗线期；D：双线期；E：终变期；F、G：中期 Ⅰ；H：后期Ⅰ；I、J：末期Ⅰ；K：中期 Ⅱ；L、M：后期Ⅱ；N：末期 Ⅱ；O：四分体；P：小孢子

Fig. 1 The meiosis process of pollen mother cells in Ehretia macrophylla A：PMC；B：Leptotene；C：Pachytene；D：Diplotene；E：Diakinesis；F，G：Metaphase I；H：Anaphase I；I，J：Telophase I；K：Metaphase Ⅱ；L，M：Anaphase Ⅱ；N：Telophase Ⅱ；O：Tetrad；P：Microspore

表1 粗糠树花蕾纵径与小孢子母细胞减数分裂阶段的相关性

Table 1 Correlation between longitudinal diameter of flower buds and meiosis stage of microspore mother cell of Ehretia macrophylla

减数分裂时期 Meiotic stage	花蕾纵径/mm Flower bud longitudinal diameter
减数分裂时期 Meiotic stage	2.0 ~ 2.5	2.6 ~ 3.0	3.1 ~ 3.5	3.6 ~ 4.0
花粉母细胞 PMC stage	24
细线期 Leptotene	39	12
粗线期 Pachytene	20	23
双线期 Diplotene	11	17	1
终变期 Diakinesis	5	26	5
中期Ⅰ Metaphase Ⅰ	1	11	14	1
后期Ⅰ Anaphase Ⅰ		2	17	1
末期Ⅰ Telophase Ⅰ		9	15	3
中期Ⅱ Metaphase Ⅱ			13	7
后期Ⅱ Anaphase Ⅱ			11	3
末期Ⅱ Telophase Ⅱ			16	9
四分体 Tetrad			6	37
小孢子 Microspore			2	39

图2 粗糠树花蕾纵径2.0 ~ 2.5 mm（A）、2.6 ~ 3.0 mm（B）、3.1~ 3.5 mm（C）和3.6 ~ 4.0 mm（D）形态变化

Fig. 2 Morphological changes in the longitudinal diameter 2.0-2.5 mm（A），2.6-3.0 mm（B），3.1-3.5 mm（C）and 3.6-4.0 mm（D）of flower buds of Ehretia macrophylla

图3 粗糠树高温处理诱导的未减数2n花粉效果 A：高温诱导2n花粉；B：单倍性花粉。黑色箭头表示2n花粉

Fig. 3 Induced 2n pollen by high temperature in Ehretia macrophylla A：Induced 2n pollen by high temperature；B：Haploid pollen. Arrows indicate 2n pollen

表2 不同花蕾纵径、温度处理条件下2n花粉诱导率

Table 2 Induced 2n pollen induction rate by different bud longitudinal diameter and different temperature treatment conditions

花蕾纵径/mm Flower buds longitudinal diameter	减数分裂时期 Meiotic stage	处理温度/℃ Temperature	观察花粉总数 Total number of pollen	2n花粉总数 The number of 2n pollen	2n花粉诱导率/% Induction rates of 2n pollen
2.0 ~ 2.5	花粉母细胞—细线期 PMC stage-leptotene	38	838	50	5.96 ± 0.82
		40	676	60	8.89 ± 1.66
		42	842	62	7.41 ± 0.47
2.0 ~ 2.5	细线期—粗线期 Leptotene-pachytene	38	808	76	9.51 ± 0.59
		40	889	84	9.50 ± 1.72
		42	608	72	11.82 ± 2.37
2.6 ~ 3.0	粗线期—双线期 Pachytene-diplotene	38	797	91	11.43 ± 0.44
		40	698	87	12.24 ± 0.45
		42	709	102	15.14 ± 1.90
2.6 ~ 3.0	双线期—终变期 Diplotene-diakinesis	38	689	71	10.29 ± 0.48
		40	665	67	10.00 ± 1.48
		42	811	103	12.91 ± 0.81
对照Control	—	—	796	0	0

表3 不同处理组合2n花粉比率方差分析结果

Table 3 Variance analysis of percentages of 2n pollen from different treatment combinations in Ehretia macrophylla

变异来源 Source of variation	df	F值 F value	P
减数分裂时期 Meiotic stage	3	27.763	0^**
温度Temperature	2	11.599	0^**
减数分裂时期 × 温度 Meiotic stage × Temperature	6	3.724	0.08

图4 不同处理时期（A）与温度（B）对粗糠树2n花粉诱导率的影响不同小写字母表示差异显著（P < 0.05）

Fig. 4 Effect of different meiotic stages（A）and temperatures（B）on the 2n pollen induction rate of Ehretia macrophylla The different lowercase letters indicate significant differences（P < 0.05）

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高温诱导粗糠树花粉染色体加倍技术研究

Pollen Chromosome Doubling of Ehretia macrophylla Induced by High Temperature

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高温诱导粗糠树花粉染色体加倍技术研究

Pollen Chromosome Doubling of Ehretia macrophylla Induced by High Temperature

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