蚕豆根腐病生防篮状菌的鉴定及其抗病促生作用

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0986

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根腐病是危害蚕豆的主要病害之一，严重制约了蚕豆产业的发展。为获得优异的蚕豆根腐病生防菌资源，以根腐病病原菌藤仓镰刀菌（Fusarium fujikuroi）和尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）为指示菌，从江苏省如皋市土壤样品中筛选出拮抗性较强的真菌，并根据形态学和分子生物学进行鉴定，初步探究其抑菌机理、抗病和促生作用。试验表明，分离获得的菌株VRB1和VRB36对两株镰刀菌表现出显著的拮抗作用，抑制率均高于81.00%。经鉴定菌株VRB1为产紫篮状菌（Talaromyces purpureogenus），VRB36为嗜松篮状菌（Talaromyces pinophilus）。VRB1和VRB36均具备产蛋白酶和淀粉酶的能力，并具备溶磷、固氮和产铁载体的能力，VRB1还具有产氢氰酸（HCN）的能力。两株篮状菌的无菌滤液对病原菌镰刀菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发均具有显著的抑制作用，且影响细胞膜透性。盆栽试验结果表明，两株篮状菌均可防治蚕豆根腐病，防治效率分别达71.31%和56.92%，并且对蚕豆幼苗的株高、根长和鲜/干质量有显著的促进作用。综上，两株篮状菌具备开发成蚕豆根腐病生防制剂的潜力。

关键词: 蚕豆, 根腐病, 篮状菌, 生防特性, 防治效果, 促生作用

Abstract:

Root rot is one of the primary diseases affecting broad bean，severely limiting the development of the broad bean industry. To acquire effective biocontrol fungal resources for broad bean root rot，root rot pathogens Fusarium fujikuroi and Fusarium oxysporum were selected as indicator fungi，screening fungi with strong antifungal activity from soil samples in Rugao City，Jiangsu Province. The morphological and molecular biological technology were used to identified the screened fungi. The antifungal mechanisms was preliminarily investigated，and the greenhouse pot test was performed to analyze its disease resistance and growth promoting effects. The results indicated that the isolated strains VRB1 and VRB36 exhibited significant antifungal activities against the two Fusarium，with inhibition rates exceeding 81.00%. Strain VRB1 was identified as Talaromyces purpurogenus，while VRB36 was identified as Talaromyces pinophilus. Both biocontrol fungi VRB1 and VRB36 have the ability to secrete enzymes such as protease and amylase. They have the ability to dissolve organic phosphorus，fix nitrogen and produce iron carrier. StrainVRB1 also has the ability to produce HCN. The sterile filtrate of the two Talaromyces significantly inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of Fusarium，and affected the permeability of cell membrane. Greenhouse pot experiment showed that two Talaromyces could control the occurrence of broad bean root rot，with control efficiency of 71.31% and 56.92%，respectively. Furthermore，they significantly promoted the plant height，root length and fresh and dry weight of broad bean seedlings. These two Talaromyces have the potential to be developed as biocontrol agent against broad bean root rot.

Key words: broad bean, root rot, Talaromyces, biocontrol characteristics, control efficacy, growth promothing effect

刘陈玮, 王凡, 卞晓春, 徐仁超, 陆红臣, 吴春芳. 蚕豆根腐病生防篮状菌的鉴定及其抗病促生作用[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(1): 244-256.

LIU Chenwei, WANG Fan, BIAN Xiaochun, XU Renchao, LU Hongchen, WU Chunfang. Identification of Talaromyces Against Broad Bean Root Rot and Its Disease-Resistant and Growth-Promoting Effects[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(1): 244-256.

图/表 11

图1 生防菌VRB1和VRB36对藤仓镰刀菌VFR1和尖孢镰刀菌VFR2的拮抗作用

Fig. 1 Antagonistic effect of biocontrol strains VRB1 and VRB36against Fusarium fujikuroi VFR1 and Fusarium oxysporum VFR2

图2 生防菌株VRB1和VRB36形态特征 A ~ C：VRB1的菌落、分生孢子梗和孢子形态；D ~ F：VRB36的菌落、分生孢子梗和孢子形态

Fig. 2 Morphological characteristics of biocontrol strains VRB1 and VRB36 A-C：Colony，conidia stem and conidia of VRB1；D-F：Colony，conidia stem and conidia of VRB36

图3 基于ITS和BenA序列采用邻接法构建的系统发育树

Fig. 3 Phylogenetic tree using neighborhood-joining method based on ITS and BenA sequences

图4 生防菌VRB1和VRB36胞外酶测定 A ~ D：产紫篮状菌VRB1在蛋白酶、葡聚糖酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶选择培养基上的检测结果；E ~ H：嗜松篮状菌VRB36在蛋白酶、葡聚糖酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶选择培养基上的检测结果

Fig. 4 Determination of extracellular enzymes of biocontrol fungi VRB1 and VRB36 A-D：Detection results of Talaromyces purpureogenus VRB1 on protease，glucanase，amylaseand cellulaseselective medium detection；E-H：Detection results of Talaromyces pinophilus VRB36 on protease，glucanase，amylaseand cellulose selective medium detection

图5 生防菌VRB1和VRB36促生特性测定 A ~ E：产紫篮状菌VRB1的溶磷能力、固氮能力、溶钾能力、HCN和铁载体检测；F ~ J：嗜松篮状菌VRB36的溶磷能力、固氮能力、溶钾能力、HCN和铁载体检测

Fig. 5 Determination of the growth promoting characteristics of biocontrol fungus VRB1 and VRB36 A-E：Detection of phosphorus solubility ability protease，nitrogen fixation capacity detection，detection of potassium solubility ability，HCN detectionand siderophore detection of Talaromyces purpureogenus VRB1；F-J：Detection of phosphorus solubility ability protease，nitrogen fixation capacity detection，detection of potassium solubility ability，HCN detectionand siderophore detection of Talaromyces pinophilus VRB36

表1 不同浓度生防菌无菌滤液对藤仓镰刀菌VFR1和尖孢镰刀菌VFR2孢子萌发率的影响

Table 1 Effects of different concentrations of biocontrol fungus sterile filtrates on spore germination of Fusarium fujikuroi VFR1 and Fusarium oxysporum VFR2 %

无菌滤液浓度/% Concentration of fungus-free filtrate	接种10 d Incubation 10 d				接种24 d Incubation 24 d
无菌滤液浓度/% Concentration of fungus-free filtrate	VRB1-VFR1	VRB36-VFR1	VRB1-VFR2	VRB36-VFR2	VRB1-VFR1	VRB36-VFR1	VRB1-VFR2	VRB36-VFR2
0（对照Control）	53.77 ± 0.99 a		60.62 ± 0.90 a		84.97 ± 0.52 a		93.84 ± 0.96 a
10	37.96 ± 0.84 b	46.77 ± 0.90 b	45.39 ± 1.01 b	45.91 ± 0.43 b	66.46 ± 0.34 b	76.99 ± 0.56 b	83.23 ± 0.43 b	84.84 ± 1.00 b
30	9.33 ± 0.87 c	18.84 ± 1.01 c	18.38 ± 0.34 c	20.60 ± 0.21 c	24.01 ± 0.59 c	38.85 ± 0.48 c	39.18 ± 0.42 c	41.50 ± 0.52 c
50	3.80 ± 0.63 d	11.72 ± 0.59 d	10.91 ± 0.20 d	11.60 ± 0.17 d	5.87 ± 0.14 d	16.43 ± 0.46 d	15.74 ± 0.52 d	17.48 ± 0.34 d

图6 不同处理后显微镜下藤仓镰刀菌和尖孢镰刀菌菌丝形态特征

Fig. 6 Morphological characteristics of mycelium of Fusarium fujikuroi and Fusarium oxysporum after different treatments under the microscope

图7 生防菌对藤仓镰刀菌和尖孢镰刀菌细胞膜通透性的影响

Fig. 7 The effect of biocontrol fungus on cell membrane permeability of Fusarium fujikuroi and Fusarium oxysporum

表2 生防菌株发酵液对蚕豆根腐病的防效

Table 2 Control efficiency of fermentation broth of biocontrol strains against broad bean root rot

处理Treatment		病情指数 Disease index	防治效果/% Control efficiency
清水（对照）Water（Control）		80.44 ± 3.36 a	—
预防 Pervention	VRB1	23.11 ± 2.04 c	71.31 ± 1.32 a
	VRB36	36.44 ± 2.04 b	54.66 ± 2.77 d
治疗Treament	VRB1	32.00 ± 1.33 b	60.16 ± 2.83 b
	VRB36	34.67 ± 2.31 b	56.92 ± 1.82 c

图8 生防菌VRB1和VRB36处理下不同品种中蚕豆幼苗的生长状况

Fig. 8 The growth of different cultivars broad bean seedlings treated with biocontrol fungus VRB1 and VRB36

表3 生防菌VRB1和VRB36对蚕豆幼苗生长指标的影响

Table 3 Effects of biocontrol fungus VRB1 and VRB36 on growth of broad bean seedlings

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	地上部Shoot			地下部Root
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	株高/cm Height	鲜质量/g Fresh weight	干质量/g Dry weight	根长/cm Length	鲜质量/g Fresh weight	干质量/g Dry weight
CD-001	对照Control	16.19 ± 0.38 c	3.21 ± 0.08 c	0.51 ± 0.03 b	10.27 ± 0.46 c	1.87 ± 0.02 c	0.19 ± 0 b
	VRB1	18.08 ± 0.43 b	3.35 ± 0.57 b	0.53 ± 0.10 ab	12.51 ± 0.57 b	3.31 ± 0.02 b	0.33 ± 0.01 a
	VRB36	18.11 ± 0.29 a	3.46 ± 0.09 a	0.54 ± 0.04 a	13.02 ± 0.37 a	3.42 ± 0.02 a	0.34 ± 0.01 a
CD-003	对照Control	13.77 ± 0.49 c	1.76 ± 0.03 b	0.20 ± 0.01 b	9.43 ± 0.51 c	1.14 ± 0.03 b	0.11 ± 0 b
	VRB1	13.94 ± 0.35 b	1.79 ± 0.04 b	0.20 ± 0.01 b	10.82 ± 0.29 b	1.15 ± 0.03 b	0.11 ± 0 b
	VRB36	16.87 ± 0.46 a	2.48 ± 0.05 a	0.28 ± 0.01 a	15.46 ± 0.35 a	1.32 ± 0.02 a	0.13 ± 0 a
CD-005	对照Control	16.66 ± 0.37 c	3.00 ± 0.08 c	0.52 ± 0.04 b	8.58 ± 0.55 c	1.65 ± 0.02 c	0.13 ± 0 c
	VRB1	18.51 ± 0.33 b	3.66 ± 0.09 b	0.65 ± 0.04 a	11.05 ± 0.50 b	2.25 ± 0.01 b	0.18 ± 0 b
	VRB36	19.49 ± 0.34 a	4.24 ± 0.06 a	0.67 ± 0.05 a	11.87 ± 0.36 a	2.51 ± 0.02 a	0.20 ± 0 a
CD-008	对照Control	13.97 ± 0.52 c	3.89 ± 0.02 c	0.39 ± 0.02 b	13.71 ± 0.56 c	2.85 ± 0.03 b	0.23 ± 0 b
	VRB1	17.90 ± 0.56 b	4.43±0.05 b	0.44 ± 0.01 a	16.68 ± 0.48 b	3.41 ± 0.02 a	0.28 ± 0.01 a
	VRB36	17.93 ± 0.56 a	4.59 ± 0.02 a	0.45 ± 0.01 a	17.43 ± 0.39 a	3.41 ± 0.02 a	0.28 ± 0 a
CD-011	对照Control	11.85 ± 0.44 c	1.46 ± 0.04 c	0.20 ± 0.01 c	8.54 ± 0.31 c	1.29 ± 0.01 c	0.12 ± 0 c
	VRB1	15.41 ± 0.55 b	2.18 ± 0.02 b	0.30 ± 0.02 b	14.10 ± 0.72 b	1.64 ± 0.02 b	0.15 ± 0 b
	VRB36	18.54 ± 0.43 a	2.69 ± 0.10 a	0.37 ± 0.02 a	18.28 ± 0.35 a	1.76 ± 0.02 a	0.16 ± 0 a
CD-017	对照Control	9.42 ± 0.79 c	1.01 ± 0.05 c	0.13 ± 0.01 c	10.97 ± 0.47 c	1.33 ± 0.01 c	0.14 ± 0 c
	VRB1	13.81 ± 0.47 b	1.44 ± 0.05 b	0.18 ± 0.01 b	13.25 ± 0.34 b	1.61 ± 0.01 b	0.16 ± 0 b
	VRB36	14.28 ± 0.49 a	1.66 ± 0.05 a	0.21 ± 0.01 a	14.51 ± 0.40 a	1.67 ± 0.01 a	0.17 ± 0 a

表3 生防菌VRB1和VRB36对蚕豆幼苗生长指标的影响

Table 3 Effects of biocontrol fungus VRB1 and VRB36 on growth of broad bean seedlings

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	地上部Shoot			地下部Root
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	株高/cm Height	鲜质量/g Fresh weight	干质量/g Dry weight	根长/cm Length	鲜质量/g Fresh weight	干质量/g Dry weight
CD-001	对照Control	16.19 ± 0.38 c	3.21 ± 0.08 c	0.51 ± 0.03 b	10.27 ± 0.46 c	1.87 ± 0.02 c	0.19 ± 0 b
	VRB1	18.08 ± 0.43 b	3.35 ± 0.57 b	0.53 ± 0.10 ab	12.51 ± 0.57 b	3.31 ± 0.02 b	0.33 ± 0.01 a
	VRB36	18.11 ± 0.29 a	3.46 ± 0.09 a	0.54 ± 0.04 a	13.02 ± 0.37 a	3.42 ± 0.02 a	0.34 ± 0.01 a
CD-003	对照Control	13.77 ± 0.49 c	1.76 ± 0.03 b	0.20 ± 0.01 b	9.43 ± 0.51 c	1.14 ± 0.03 b	0.11 ± 0 b
	VRB1	13.94 ± 0.35 b	1.79 ± 0.04 b	0.20 ± 0.01 b	10.82 ± 0.29 b	1.15 ± 0.03 b	0.11 ± 0 b
	VRB36	16.87 ± 0.46 a	2.48 ± 0.05 a	0.28 ± 0.01 a	15.46 ± 0.35 a	1.32 ± 0.02 a	0.13 ± 0 a
CD-005	对照Control	16.66 ± 0.37 c	3.00 ± 0.08 c	0.52 ± 0.04 b	8.58 ± 0.55 c	1.65 ± 0.02 c	0.13 ± 0 c
	VRB1	18.51 ± 0.33 b	3.66 ± 0.09 b	0.65 ± 0.04 a	11.05 ± 0.50 b	2.25 ± 0.01 b	0.18 ± 0 b
	VRB36	19.49 ± 0.34 a	4.24 ± 0.06 a	0.67 ± 0.05 a	11.87 ± 0.36 a	2.51 ± 0.02 a	0.20 ± 0 a
CD-008	对照Control	13.97 ± 0.52 c	3.89 ± 0.02 c	0.39 ± 0.02 b	13.71 ± 0.56 c	2.85 ± 0.03 b	0.23 ± 0 b
	VRB1	17.90 ± 0.56 b	4.43±0.05 b	0.44 ± 0.01 a	16.68 ± 0.48 b	3.41 ± 0.02 a	0.28 ± 0.01 a
	VRB36	17.93 ± 0.56 a	4.59 ± 0.02 a	0.45 ± 0.01 a	17.43 ± 0.39 a	3.41 ± 0.02 a	0.28 ± 0 a
CD-011	对照Control	11.85 ± 0.44 c	1.46 ± 0.04 c	0.20 ± 0.01 c	8.54 ± 0.31 c	1.29 ± 0.01 c	0.12 ± 0 c
	VRB1	15.41 ± 0.55 b	2.18 ± 0.02 b	0.30 ± 0.02 b	14.10 ± 0.72 b	1.64 ± 0.02 b	0.15 ± 0 b
	VRB36	18.54 ± 0.43 a	2.69 ± 0.10 a	0.37 ± 0.02 a	18.28 ± 0.35 a	1.76 ± 0.02 a	0.16 ± 0 a
CD-017	对照Control	9.42 ± 0.79 c	1.01 ± 0.05 c	0.13 ± 0.01 c	10.97 ± 0.47 c	1.33 ± 0.01 c	0.14 ± 0 c
	VRB1	13.81 ± 0.47 b	1.44 ± 0.05 b	0.18 ± 0.01 b	13.25 ± 0.34 b	1.61 ± 0.01 b	0.16 ± 0 b
	VRB36	14.28 ± 0.49 a	1.66 ± 0.05 a	0.21 ± 0.01 a	14.51 ± 0.40 a	1.67 ± 0.01 a	0.17 ± 0 a

参考文献 31

[2]	Alemayehu D, Tesfaye A, Yitbarek W. 2021. in-Vitro compatibility assay of indigenous Trichoderma and Pseudomonas species and their antagonistic activities against black root rot disease(Fusarium solani)of faba bean(Vicia faba L.). BMC Microbiology, 21 (1):115. doi: 10.1186/s12866-021-02181-7 pmid: 33865331
[3]	Benjamin C R. 1955. Ascocarps of Aspergillus and Penicillium. Mycologia, 47 (5):669-687. doi: 10.1080/00275514.1955.12024485 URL
[4]	Brazhnikova Y V, Shaposhnikov A I, Sazanova A L, Belimov A A, Mukasheva T D, Ignatova L V. 2022. Phosphate mobilization by culturable fungi and their capacity to increase soil P availability and promote barley growth. Current Microbiology, 79 (8):240. doi: 10.1007/s00284-022-02926-1 pmid: 35792979
[5]	Coulibaly A E, Pakora G A, Ako A B A, Amari G E L N D, N'Guessan C A, Kouabenan A, Kone D, Djaman J A. 2022. Diversity of Sclerotium rolfsii antagonist fungi isolated from soils of the rhizosphere of tomato crops and identification of some antifungal compounds. Heliyon, 8 (2):e08943. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08943 URL
[6]	de Oliveira J A, Custodio F A, Pereira O L. 2024. Cultivable root endophytic fungi associated with Acrocomia aculeata and its antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic oomycetes. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 55 (4):1-14. doi: 10.1007/s42770-023-01195-9
[7]	Elsaid I E, Attia D M. 2023. Antagonistic activity of Trichoderma asperellum against Fusarium species,chemical profile and their efficacy for management Fusarium-root rot disease in dry bean. Pest Management Science, 80 (3):1153-1167. doi: 10.1002/ps.v80.3 URL
[8]	FAOstat. 2022. Statistics database of the food and agriculture organization of the united nations. http://www.fao.org/statistics/databases/en/.
[9]	Farhat H, Urooj F, Irfan M, Sohail N, Majeed S, Ullah S, Shafique H A. 2023. Biological control potential of endophytic fungi with amelioration of systemic resistance in sunflower and GC-MS metabolic profiling of Talaromyces assiutensis. Current Microbiology, 80 (2):61. doi: 10.1007/s00284-022-03161-4 pmid: 36588145
[10]	Gateta T, Nacoon S, Seemakram W, Ekprasert J, Theerakulpisut P, Sanitchon J, Suwannarach N, Boonlue S. 2023. The potential of endophytic fungi for enhancing the growth and accumulation of phenolic compounds and anthocyanin in Maled Phai Rice(Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Fungi, 9 (9):937. doi: 10.3390/jof9090937 URL
[11]	Guo Yingjie. 2024. Combined use of biocontrol bacteria and attenuated vaccine to control tobacco“two black and one dead”diseases and viral diseases[M. D. Dissertation]. Tai’an: Shandong Agricultural University. (in Chinese)
	郭英杰. 2024. 生防菌和弱毒疫苗联合使用防治烟草“两黑一枯”病和病毒病的研究[硕士论文]. 泰安: 山东农业大学.
[12]	Kazerooni E A, Rethinasamy V, Al-Sadi A M. 2019. Talaromyces pinophilus inhibits Pythium and Rhizoctonia-induced damping-off of cucumber. Journal of Plant Pathology, 101 (2):377-383. doi: 10.1007/s42161-018-0186-8
[13]	Kou C X, Song F Y, Li D D, Xu H Y, Zhang S X, Yang W, Shi W C, Gao Z. 2024. A necessary considering factor for crop resistance:precise regulation and effective utilization of beneficial microorganisms. New Crops,1:100023.
[14]	Li Lingling, Lu Yalin, Wang Hanzheng, Zhou Yuxi, Zou Zhenyu, Yang Zhonghua. 2021. Isolation,identification of a nitrogen-fixing bacterium and preparation of complex bio-fertilizer with spent mushroom substrate by mix fermenting. Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 44 (1):34-42. (in Chinese)
	李凌凌, 陆雅琳, 汪汉正, 周予西, 左振宇, 杨忠华. 2021. 一株固氮菌的筛选、鉴定及混菌发酵制备复合型菌糠菌肥的研究. 武汉科技大学学报, 44 (1):34-42.
[15]	Li Z, Guo B K, Wan K, Cong M, Huang H, Ge Y Y. 2015. Effects of bacteria-free filtrate from Bacillus megaterium strain L 2 on the mycelium growth and spore germination of Alternaria alternata. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 29 (6):1062-1068.
[16]	López-Fernández L, Ruiz-Roldán C, Pareja-Jaime Y, Prieto A, Khraiwesh H, Roncero M I. 2013. The Fusarium oxysporum gnt2,encoding a putative N-acetylglucosaminetransferase,is involved in cell wall architecture and virulence. PLoS ONE,8:e84690.
[17]	Monika R, Sandeep J, Vikas B, Vinod C. 2022. Bioactive saponin profiling of endophytic fungi from Asparagus racemosus. Natural Product Research, 37 (22):3889-3895. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2156997 URL
[18]	Nie Liyan. 2023. Screening and growth-promoting characteristic of phosphorus solubilizing strains in the rhizosphere of cypress gigantica[M. D. Dissertation]. Linzhi:Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University. (in Chinese)
	聂丽妍. 2023. 巨柏根际溶磷菌的筛选与促生特性研究[硕士论文]. 林芝:西藏农牧学院.
[19]	Rashmi N. 2022. Antagonistic activity of resident biological agents against wilt and root rot pathogens of pea in different culture media. Journal of Eco-friendly Agriculture, 17 (2):385-389. doi: 10.5958/2582-2683.2022.00074.0 URL
[20]	Sornakili A, Thankappan S, Sridharan A P, Nithya P, Uthandi S. 2020. Antagonistic fungal endophytes and their metabolite-mediated interactions against phytopathogens in rice. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology,112:101525.
[21]	Thambugala K M, Daranagama D A, Phillips A J L, Kannangara S D, Promputtha I. 2020. Fungi vs. Fungi in biocontrol:an overview of fungal sntagonists spplied sgainst fungal plant pathogens. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology,10:604923.
[22]	Tian Y A, Zhao Y, Fu X S, Yu C M, Gao K X, Liu H X. 2021. Isolation and identification of Talaromyces sp. strain Q2 and its biocontrol mechanisms involved in the control of Fusarium wilt. Frontiers in Microbiology,12:724842.
[23]	Tian Y H, Fu X S, Yan X C, Li X F, Peng H Y, Gao K X. 2022. The control efficacy and mechanism of Talaromyces purpurogenus on Fusarium wilt of bitter gourd. Biological Control,165:104804.
[24]	Xia Wei, Huo Wenwen, Zhang Fanglin, Liu Lei, Cao Fuxiang, Yu Xiaoying, Xu Lu. 2022. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from the root of Cymbidium goeringii and screening of biocontrol fungi. Biotic Resources, 44 (2):189-197. (in Chinese)
	夏伟, 霍雯雯, 张范琳, 刘蕾, 曹福祥, 于晓英, 许璐. 2022. 春兰根内生真菌的分离鉴定及生防菌筛选. 生物资源, 44 (2):189-197.
[1]	Abdel-Rahim I R, Abo-Elyousr K A M. 2018. Talaromyces pinophilus strain AUN-1 as a novel mycoparasite of Botrytis cinerea,the pathogen of onion scape and umbel blights. Microbiological Research,212:1-9.
[25]	Yan Jichen. 2016. Induced resistance to soybean root diseases by seed-coated with microbial fermentation broth[M. D. Dissertation]. Shenyang: Shenyang Agricultural University. (in Chinese)
	闫继辰. 2016. 微生物发酵液处理种子诱导大豆抗大豆根部病害研究[硕士论文]. 沈阳: 沈阳农业大学.
[26]	Yu H T, Yang F, Hu C Q, Yang X, Zheng A Q, Wang Y B, Tang Y S, He Y H, Lv M Y. 2023. Production status and research advancement on root rot disease of faba bean(Vicia faba L.)in China. Frontiers in Plant Science,14:1165658.
[27]	Zhang J H, Lu J M, Zhu Y C, Huang Q E, Qin L P, Zhu B. 2022. Rhizosphere microorganisms of Crocus sativus as antagonists against pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum. Frontiers in Plant Science,13:1045147.
[28]	Zhang Yanan. 2023. Isolation and evaluation of garlic bulb disease pathogens and preliminary screening of antagonistic bacteria[M. D. Dissertation]. Huai’an: Huaiyin Institute of Technology. (in Chinese)
	张亚南. 2023. 大蒜鳞茎病害病原菌分离评价及拮抗菌初筛[硕士论文]. 淮安: 淮阴工学院.
[29]	Zhang Z K, Zhang W X, Wang X F, Kou Z A, Wang Y L, Islam R, Zhang J Q, Liu L, Shen T, Tian Y Q. 2023. Isolation and identification of antagonistic bacteria of Angelica root rot and their mechanism as biological control. Biological Control,177:105120.
[30]	Zhao Zijian, Wang Yao, Zhang Yifan, Deng Ying, Zhang Dan, Wang Xiaomei. 2024. Screening and identification of antagonistic fungi against Fusarium graminearum,a pathogen of corn stalk rot. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 46 (1):34-39. (in Chinese)
	赵子健, 王瑶, 张逸凡, 邓颖, 张丹, 王晓梅. 2024. 玉米茎腐病病原菌Fusarium graminearum拮抗真菌的筛选与鉴定. 吉林农业大学学报, 46 (1):34-39.
[31]	Zhou Jianping. 2022. Screening and identification of a biocontrol bacterium against various rice pathogens and its characteristics[M. D. Dissertation]. Nanning: Guangxi University. (in Chinese)
	周健平. 2022. 一株拮抗多种水稻病原菌的生防菌的筛选鉴定及其特性研究[硕士论文]. 南宁: 广西大学.