辣椒F-box基因家族鉴定及CaSLY1在株型调控中的功能分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0356

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于生物信息技术系统鉴定了辣椒（Capsicum annuum）F-box基因家族成员，并挖掘和验证了一个与辣椒株型调控相关的功能基因。通过对辣椒参考基因组数据的分析，共鉴定出519个F-box基因家族成员，这些成员不均匀地分布在辣椒的12条染色体上。系统发育分析将其划分为10个亚家族，各亚家族在基因结构和保守基序组成上具有较高保守性。启动子顺式作用元件分析发现，辣椒F-box基因含有丰富的与生长发育、光响应、激素调控及胁迫应答相关的调控元件。共线性分析显示，辣椒F-box基因在进化过程中主要受到纯化选择。结合组织特异表达谱和实时荧光定量PCR技术，发现CaSLY1在辣椒营养生长阶段幼茎组织中的表达水平显著高于其他组织。进一步采用病毒诱导的基因沉默技术发现，CaSLY1沉默植株的株高和侧枝长度显著降低，表明CaSLY1在辣椒株型建成中起关键作用。

关键词: 辣椒, F-box基因家族, 基因功能, 株型, 病毒诱导的基因沉默

Abstract:

Based on bioinformatics analysis，the F-box gene family members in pepper（Capsicum annuum）were systematically identified，and a functional gene associated with the regulation of plant architecture in pepper was discovered and validated. Through analysis of the pepper reference genome data，a total of 519 members of the F-box gene family were identified，which were unevenly distributed across the 12 chromosomes of pepper. Phylogenetic analysis classified these members into 10 subfamilies，each exhibiting high conservation in gene structure and conserved motif composition. Analysis of promoter cis-acting elements revealed that pepper F-box genes contain abundant regulatory elements related to growth and development，light response，hormone regulation，and stress response. Collinearity analysis indicated that pepper F-box genes have primarily undergone purifying selection during evolution. Combining tissue-specific expression profiling and real-time quantitative PCR technology，it was found that the expression level of CaSLY1 in young stem tissues during the vegetative growth stage of pepper was significantly higher than in other tissues. Furthermore，using virus-induced gene silencing technology，it was observed that the plant height and lateral branch length of CaSLY1-silenced plants were significantly reduced，indicating that CaSLY1 plays a key role in pepper plant architecture formation.

Key words: Capsicum annuum, F-box gene family, gene function, plant architecture, virus-induced gene silencing

中图分类号:

S641.3

骞金龙, 张祥, 王登科, 邹学校, 戴雄泽, 徐昊. 辣椒F-box基因家族鉴定及CaSLY1在株型调控中的功能分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(9): 2590-2608.

QIAN Jinlong, ZHANG Xiang, WANG Dengke, ZOU Xuexiao, DAI Xiongze, XU Hao. Genome-Wide Identification of the F-box Gene Family in Capsicum annuum and Functional Analysis of CaSLY1 in Modulating Plant Architecture[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(9): 2590-2608.

图/表 12

表1 辣椒CaSLY1基因功能分析相关引物序列

Table 1 Primer sequences related to the functional analysis of the CaSLY1 gene in pepper（Capsicum annuum）

引物名称 Primer name	正向引物（5′-3′） Forward primer	反向引物（5′-3′） Reverse primer
RT-CaSLY1	AATTCAGATCTACTAATGAAGCG	AGTTGATTTATTAGATTTGAAATTC
qPCR-CaSLY1	TTACCGTCAACTCCGTCGTC	GGAGCTGCGTATTTCAACGG
CaUbi	TGCAGGAATCCACGAGACTAC	TACCACCACTGAGCACAATGTT
CaSLY1-GFP	TAAGGTTACCGAATTACGTCTTTGGGAACTCATC	CCATGTCGACTCTAGAAGTTGATTTATTAGATTTG
pTRV2-CaSLY1	TAAGGTTACCGAATTACGTCTTTGGGAACTCATC	GCTCGGTACCGGATCTTAGATTTGAAATTCATCT

表2 辣椒F-box蛋白的结构域分类

Table 2 Domain classification of pepper F-box proteins

亚家族 Subfamily	结构域 Domain	各类数量 No. in category
FBX	F-box	390
FBDUF	DUF	24
FBL	LRR	2
FBK	Kelch	32
FBD	FBD	28
FBT	Tub	8
FBA	FBA_1	30
FBW	WD40	2
FBO	Others	2
FBLD	FBD、LRR	1

图1 辣椒、番茄和水稻F-box蛋白的系统发育树

Fig. 1 Phylogenetic tree of F-box proteins in pepper，tomato and rice

图2 辣椒F-box基因家族系统发育树

Fig. 2 Phylogenetic tree of pepper F-box gene family

图3 辣椒F-box蛋白的保守基序和基因结构 Ⅰ ~ Ⅶ分别代表辣椒F-box根据系统发育关系划分的家族成员数量及特征分析

Fig. 3 Conserved motifs and gene structure of pepper F-box proteins Ⅰ-Ⅶ represent the number and characteristic analysis of family members of pepper F-box based on phylogenetic relationships

图4 辣椒F-box基因启动子区预测的顺式作用元件类型及分布

Fig. 4 Predicted types and distribution of cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of pepper F-box genes

图5 辣椒F-box基因家族种内共线性分析

Fig. 5 Intraspecies collinearity analysis of pepper F-box genes

图6 辣椒与4个参考物种间F-box基因的共线性分析

Fig. 6 Collinearity analysis of F-box genes between pepper and four reference species

图7 辣椒F-box基因在不同组织中的表达热图 L：叶；AL：成年叶；AS：成年茎；AR：成年根；F：花；P10：花瓣；O10：子房；STA10：雄蕊；FST：整果；ST：种子和胎座；G：果皮；S：种子；T：胎座。L1 ~ L9及F1 ~ F9分别为新叶、花蕾后2 ~ 50 d取样时期，L1 ~ L2、F1 ~ F2为每3 d取样，L3 ~ L7、F3 ~ F7每5 d，L8 ~ L9、F8 ~ F9每10 d。FST0、FST1分别为授粉后3、7 d整果。G1 ~ G11为授粉后10 ~ 60 d取样果肉，每5 d取样。ST1、ST2为授粉后10、15 d种子和胎座。S3 ~ S11、T3 ~ T11分别为授粉后20 ~ 60 d的种子、胎座取样时期，每5 d取样。

Fig. 7 Expression heatmap of pepper F-box genes in different tissues L：Leaves；AL：Adult leaves；AS：Adult stem；AR：Adult root；F：Flowers；P10：Petals；O10：Ovary；STA10：Stamen；FST：Whole fruit；ST：Seed and placenta；G：Peel；S：Seeds；T：Placenta. L1-L9 and F1-F9 correspond to sampling periods ranging from 2 to 50 d after the emergence of new leaves and flower buds，respectively. Sampling was conducted every 3 d for L1-L2 and F1-F2；every 5 d for L3-L7 and F3-F7；every 10 d for L8-L9 and F8-F9. FST0 and FST1 correspond to whole fruits sampled 3 and 7 d after pollination，respectively. G1-G11 correspond to fruit pulp samples collected 10-60 d after pollination，with sampling every 5 d. ST1 and ST2 correspond to seeds and placentas collected 10 and 15 d after pollination. S3-S11 and T3-T11 correspond to seed and placenta sampling periods 20-60 d after pollination，with sampling every 5 d.

图8 CaSLY1在不同辣椒组织中的相对表达水平

Fig. 8 Relative expression of CaSLY1 in different pepper tissues ** P < 0.01

图9 辣椒CaSLY1蛋白在本氏烟草表皮细胞中的亚细胞定位

Fig. 9 Subcellular localization of pepper CaSLY1 protein in Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells

图10 CaSLY1基因沉默对辣椒植株表型的影响 A：TRV2（对照）与TRV2::CaSLY1（沉默）植株的表型对比；B：两组植株中CaSLY1基因的相对表达水平；C：表型比较。**和***表示不同试验组之间存在显著差异（P < 0.01和P < 0.001）

Fig. 10 Effect of CaSLY1 gene silencing on plant phenotype in pepper A：Comparison of plant phenotypes between TRV2（control）and TRV2::CaSLY1（silenced）plants；B：Relative expression levels of the CaSLY1 gene in the two groups of plants；C：Phenotypic comparison. ** and *** Indicating significant differences between different experimental groups at 0.01 and 0.001 level

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