利用双单倍体技术创制抗疫病和高辣加工辣椒细胞质雄性不育恢复系

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0343

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为加快创制抗疫病、高辣度加工辣椒细胞质雄性不育（cytoplasmic male sterility，CMS）恢复系，以8个聚合了抗疫病、高辣度及恢复基因的种间三交种为试材进行花药培养诱导双单倍体（doubled haploid，DH），以期获得潜在的疫病抗性、高辣度和CMS恢复系材料。结果表明，供试的8份三交种均成功诱导出胚状体，单倍体苗的人工加倍率89.8%。结合分子标记辅助选择、农艺性状、品质、抗性鉴定和CMS育性恢复能力等综合评价，最终从12份DH系中筛选出3个始花节位较低、抗疫病且辣度较高的CMS恢复系。该3份DH系是组配高辣、抗病CMS三系配套加工辣椒新品种的理想亲本。

关键词: 辣椒, 花药培养, 分子标记辅助选择, 抗疫病, 高辣度, 细胞质雄性不育, 恢复系

Abstract:

To accelerate the development of cytoplasmic male sterility（CMS）restorer lines for processing-type peppers with disease resistance and high pungency，eight interspecific triple cross hybrids aggregated with disease resistance，strong pungency，and restorer genes-were used as experimental materials for anther culture to induce doubled haploid（DH）. The goal was to obtain DH lines that combine disease resistance，pungency，and CMS fertility restoration. The results showed that embryoids were successfully induced from all eight hybrids，with an artificial chromosome doubling rate of 89.8% in haploid seedlings. Following comprehensive evaluation using molecular marker-assisted selection，agronomic trait assessment，quality analysis，disease resistance screening，and CMS fertility restoration testing，three CMS restorer lines were selected from 12 DH lines. These lines exhibited low initial flowering nodes，strong disease resistance，and high pungency，making them ideal parental materials for breeding new processing-type pepper cultivars with desirable traits.

Key words: pepper, anther culture, molecular marker-assisted selection, resistance to Phytophthora blight, high pungency, cytoplasmic male sterility, restorer line

李怡斐, 段敏杰, 黄启中, 王春萍, 黄任中, 张世才. 利用双单倍体技术创制抗疫病和高辣加工辣椒细胞质雄性不育恢复系[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(4): 1189-1201.

LI Yifei, DUAN Minjie, HUANG Qizhong, WANG Chunping, HUANG Renzhong, ZHANG Shicai. Development of Blight-Resistant and High-Pungency Processing-Type Pepper Cytoplasmic Male Sterility（CMS）Restorer Lines Using Doubled Haploid Technology[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(4): 1189-1201.

图/表 9

图1 辣椒不同发育阶段的花蕾和花药的形态特征

Fig. 1 Morphological characteristics of flower buds and anthers at different developmental stages of microspores in pepper

图2 辣椒花药培养中胚状体的类型 A ~ C：先形成愈伤组织再出胚；D ~ F：直接形成胚状体；G ~ I：畸形胚

Fig. 2 Types of embryoids in anther culture of pepper A-C：The callus forms first，followed by embryoid formation；D-F：Directly develop into embryoid；G-I：Abnormal embryoids

图3 辣椒花药培养再生植株的倍性鉴定与形态比较 A：流式细胞仪分析单倍体植株；B：流式细胞仪分析双倍体植株；C：单倍体植株；D：双单倍体植株

Fig. 3 Ploidy identification and morphological comparison of regenerated plants in pepper anther culture A：Flow cytometry analysis of haploid plant；B：Flow cytometry analysis of DH line；C：Haploid plant；D：DH line

图4 辣椒DH系抗疫病分子标记FQ01/RQ01 PCR检测结果 M：DL2000 Plus marker；1 ~ 44：DH系，其中泳道6、9、12、15、17 ~ 24、30 ~ 37分别为H202245-9、H202245-11、H202245-13、H202245-14、H202245-15、H202245-16、H202247-6、H202247-9、H202247-11、H202293-1、H202293-2、H202293-8、H202293-9、H202293-10、H202293-12、H202293-13、H202293-14、H202293-15、H202293-16和H202293-17

Fig. 4 PCR Analysis of Phytophthora blight resistance marker FQ01/RQ01 in pepper DH lines M：DL2000 Plus DNA marker；Lanes 1-44：DH lines，Specifically，lanes 6，9，12，15，17-24 and 30-37 correspond to H202245-9，H202245-11，H202245-13，H202245-14，H202245-15，H202245-16，H202247-6，H202247-9，H202247-11，H202293-1，H202293-2，H202293-8，H202293-14，H202293-15，H202293-16，H202293-17，H202293-18，H202293-19，H202293-20 and H202293-21，respectively

表1 辣椒DH系抗疫病及育性恢复基因PCR检测结果统计

Table 1 Statistical results of PCR detection for Phytophthora blight resistance and fertility restorer genes in pepper DH lines

DH系DH lines	分子标记Molecular marker	PCR检测阳性株PCR detection	所占比例/% Percentage
抗疫病 Resistance to Phytophthora blight	FQ01/RQ01	20	45.5
恢复基因 Fertility restorer gene	CRF-SCAR	34	77.3
抗疫病兼恢复基因 Disease-resistant and fertility restorer gene	FQ01/RQ01、CRF-SCAR	12	27.3

图5 辣椒DH系育性恢复基因分子标记CRF-SCAR PCR检测结果 M：DL2000 Plus marker；1 ~ 44：DH系，其中泳道1 ~ 7、9 ~ 29、38 ~ 42、44分别为H202245-3、H202245-4、H202245-6、H202245-7、H202245-8、H202245-9、H202245-10、H202245-11、H202245-12、H202245-12-2、H202245-13、202245-13-2、H202245-13-3、H202245-14、H202245-14-3、H202245-15、H202245-16、H202247-6、H202247-9、H202247-11、H202293-1、H202293-2、H202293-8、H202293-9、H202293-10、H202293-11、H202293-12、H202293-13、H202293-22、H202293-23、H202293-24、H202293-25、H202293-26和H202293-28

Fig. 5 Detection results of CRF-SCAR PCR molecular marker for fertility restorer gene in pepper DH lines M：DL2000 Plus marker；1-44：DH lines，Lanes 1-7，9-29，38-42，and 44 correspond to H202245-3，H202245-4，H202245-6，H202245-7，H202245-8，H202245-9，H202245-10，H202245-11，H202245-12，H202245-12-2，H202245-13，202245-13-2，H202245-13-3，H202245-14，H202245-14-3，H202245-15，H202245-16，H202247-6，H202247-9，H202247-11，H202293-1，H202293-2，H202293-8，H202293-9，H202293-10，H202293-11，H202293-12，H202293-13，H202293-22，H202293-23，H202293-24，H202293-25，H202293-26 and H202293-28，respectively

表2 不同辣椒DH系的农艺性状

Table 2 Agronomic traits of different DH lines

供体 Anther culture donor	DH系 DH lines	株高/cm Height	冠幅/cm Scope	始花节位 First flower node	果形指数 Fruit shape index	单株挂果数 Fruit number per plant
（H2019410-7 × Bahama Hot） F₁ × PI201234	H202245-9	140.07 ± 0.31 a	95.47 ± 0.83 b	13.10 ± 0.26 a	3.51 ± 0.02 e	105.00 ± 0.40 b
	H202245-11	89.32 ± 1.13 d	99.10 ± 0.31 a	10.27 ± 0.12 cd	4.21 ± 0.01 c	99.40 ± 1.56 c
	H202245-13	86.30 ± 0.40 e	91.45 ± 0.23 c	11.80 ± 0.00 b	3.11 ± 0.01 f	207.53 ± 0.76 a
	H202245-14	85.06 ± 0.14 e	87.71 ± 1.06 d	10.07 ± 0.12 d	5.88 ± 0.00 b	53.00 ± 0.53 d
	H202245-15	130.05 ± 0.10 b	84.07 ± 0.43 e	10.93 ± 0.12 c	4.10 ± 0.02 d	39.00 ± 0.20 f
	H202245-16	115.01 ± 0.34 c	86.53 ± 0.17 d	10.76 ± 0.60 cd	6.81 ± 0.02 a	45.00 ± 0.87 e
（H2019410-7 × Naga Morich） F₁ × CM334	H202247-6	121.04 ± 0.56 a	91.49 ± 0.28 a	10.93 ± 0.31 b	6.41 ± 0.02 a	37.00 ± 0.53 b
	H202247-9	84.71 ± 0.81 c	87.32 ± 0.63 b	12.00 ± 0.20 a	4.69 ± 0.02 c	137.93 ± 0.23 a
	H202247-11	92.99 ± 0.81 b	82.01 ± 0.65 c	12.00 ± 0.20 a	6.11 ± 0.03 b	38.00 ± 0.80 b
（H2018235-3 × Bahama Hot） F₁ × PI201234	H202293-1	87.48 ± 0.82 b	71.29 ± 0.46 a	12.07 ± 0.23 a	5.80 ± 0.02 a	44.80 ± 1.11 b
	H202293-2	91.95 ± 0.53 a	68.02 ± 0.54 b	7.00 ± 0.20 c	4.80 ± 0.02 b	37.93 ± 1.10 c
	H202293-8	79.29 ± 0.25 c	69.84 ± 1.19 ab	10.00 ± 0.20 b	4.80 ± 0.02 b	92.67 ± 0.61 a

表3 12辣椒DH系的疫病抗性（田间鉴定）及对CMS不育系的育性恢复能力（测交验证）

Table 3 Phytophthora blight resistance（field identification）and fertility restoration ability to CMS sterile lines（test-cross verification）of DH lines

DH系DH lines	病情指数Disease index	抗性等级Resistance level	恢复株率Plants with restoring ability/%
H202245-9	28.9	抗病 Disease resistance	100
H202245-11	19.2	抗病 Disease resistance	100
H202245-13	25.6	抗病 Disease resistance	100
H202245-14	28.1	抗病 Disease resistance	100
H202245-15	27.9	抗病 Disease resistance	100
H202245-16	25.3	抗病 Disease resistance	100
H202247-6	23.7	抗病 Disease resistance	100
H202247-9	27.5	抗病 Disease resistance	100
H202247-11	29.2	抗病 Disease resistance	100
H202293-1	29.8	抗病 Disease resistance	100
H202293-2	24.2	抗病 Disease resistance	100
H202293-8	26.4	抗病 Disease resistance	100
CK1（Early calwonder）	66.7	感病 Susceptible	/
CK2（PI201234）	7.8	高感 High susceptible	/

表4 辣椒花培DH系果实主要品质指标测定结果

Table 4 Major quality parameters of fruits from pepper DH lines developed by anther culture

编号 Plant lines	斯克维尔指数（SHU） Skewer Index	干物质含量/（g · kg^-1） Dry matter	维生素C/（g · kg^-1） Vitamin C	蛋白质/（g · kg^-1） Protein	脂肪/（g · kg^-1） Fat
H202245-11	47 972	287.00	1.06	49.20	32.00
H202247-9	52 875	226.00	0.97	25.20	28.00
H202293-8	53 523	330.00	0.61	37.20	20.00

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