辣椒TPP基因家族鉴定及其在逆境响应中的表达分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0351

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海藻糖-6-磷酸磷酸酶（trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase，TPP）是催化海藻糖生物合成的关键酶，在植物生长发育和逆境响应中发挥重要作用。利用生物信息方法对辣椒CaTPP基因家族成员进行鉴定，并对其染色体定位、理化性质等进行了分析；利用转录组数据及qRT-PCR技术，检测了CaTPP基因在不同组织、不同植物生长调节剂处理及不同逆境胁迫下的表达模式。结果共鉴定出8个CaTPP基因家族成员。理化性质分析表明，CaTPP蛋白的分子量为26.33 ~ 43.12 kD，均为亲水性蛋白，其中半数成员属于碱性蛋白。亚细胞定位预测显示，大部分CaTPP蛋白位于叶绿体或液泡。系统进化分析将CaTPP家族成员分为3组，所有成员均含有完整的TPP（Trehalose_PPase）结构域；同一分组的家族成员间存在相似的保守基序和基因结构。CaTPP基因的启动子区域含有多种光响应、激素响应和非生物胁迫响应等顺式作用元件。共线性分析发现，辣椒中有1对CaTPP基因存在片段重复；辣椒与拟南芥和番茄的TPP家族分别存在1对和6对同源基因。转录组和qRT-PCR分析表明，CaTPP基因的表达模式存在组织特异性，并受不同生长调节剂及逆境胁迫诱导。CaTPP1和CaTPP6在多种逆境下的表达变化显著，推测其可能在辣椒抗逆过程中发挥关键作用。

关键词: 辣椒, TPP基因家族, 生物信息学, 逆境响应, 启动子

Abstract:

Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase（TPP）is a key enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of trehalose and plays an important role in plant growth and development as well as stress response. To clarify the function of the CaTPP genes in the stress response of pepper，in this study，bioinformatics methods were used to identify the members of the CaTPP gene family in pepper，and their chromosomal localization，physicochemical properties，etc. were analyzed. Furthermore，transcriptome data and quantitative real-time PCR（qRT-PCR）were utilized to investigate the expression patterns of CaTPP genes across different tissues and under various hormone treatments and abiotic stresses. A total of eight CaTPP gene family members were identified in pepper. The physicochemical properties revealed that the CaTPP proteins were hydrophilic，with molecular weights ranging from 26.33 to 43.12 kD. Notably，about half of these proteins were classified as basic proteins. Subcellular localization prediction indicated that the majority of CaTPP proteins were localized in the chloroplast or vacuole. Phylogenetic analysis classified the pepper CaTPP family members into three groups，all of which contained a complete TPP（Trehalose_PPase）domain. Moreover，family members within the same group possessed similar conserved motifs and gene structures. The promoter region of the CaTPP gene contains a variety of cis-acting elements related to light response，hormone response and abiotic stress response. Collinearity analysis revealed one pair of CaTPP genes with fragment duplication in pepper. Besides，the pepper CaTPP family shared one and six pairs of homologous genes with Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum，respectively. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses indicated that the expression pattern of the CaTPP genes were tissue-specific and could play an important role in response to different hormones and stresses. The expression levels of CaTPP1 and CaTPP6 changed significantly under multiple stress conditions，implying their potential key roles in pepper resistance to stress.

Key words: pepper, TPP gene family, bioinformatics, stress response, promoter

王梦, 郑晓美, 柳璐, 臧巧路. 辣椒TPP基因家族鉴定及其在逆境响应中的表达分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(8): 2289-2305.

WANG Meng, ZHENG Xiaomei, LIU Lu, ZANG Qiaolu. Identification and Expression Analysis of the TPP Gene Family Under Stress Response in Pepper（Capsicum annuum L.）[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(8): 2289-2305.

图/表 16

表1 用于辣椒CaTPP基因家族表达分析的qRT-PCR引物

Table 1 qRT-PCR primers for CaTPP gene family

基因名称 Gene name	上游引物（5'-3'） Forward primer	下游引物（5'-3'） Reverse primer
CaUBI3	TTGGCAAGCAACAATCAT	GCAGATGGACAGCAGGAC
CaTPP1	GAGATGAGGGAAGCAGTG	CTTTAGCAGGTTGGCAGA
CaTPP2	TTGAAATGACTGGTGGTC	ACAATGGGAGAAAGGGTG
CaTPP4	GGCTGGCTAAGACTCAAA	GCTAAGTGCTGAAGGGTG
CaTPP5	GGGAGAAGTCGTGATAAG	CGATAGTGAACGGAAACA
CaTPP6	TTGGATTATGATGGCACTT	CTCTTTCGCAGGTTGGTA

图1 CaTPP家族基因在辣椒染色体上的位置

Fig. 1 Chromosomal position of CaTPP family genes in pepper

表2 辣椒CaTPP家族基因的理化性质

Table 2 Physicochemical properties of CaTPP family genes

基因名称 Gene name	基因ID Gene ID	氨基酸数量 No. amino acids	分子量/ kD Molecular weight	等电点 Isoelectric point	平均疏水指数 Average hydropathicity value	亚细胞定位 Subcellular location
CaTPP1	Capana00g001331	366	41.49	9.47	-0.44	液泡Vacuole
CaTPP2	Capana00g004258	375	42.40	9.14	-0.35	叶绿体/液泡Chloroplast/vacuole
CaTPP3	Capana01g000524	382	43.12	8.03	-0.37	液泡Vacuole
CaTPP4	Capana03g002047	347	38.74	6.12	-0.31	过氧化物酶体/液泡Peroxisome/vacuole
CaTPP5	Capana03g002554	384	42.92	6.56	-0.31	叶绿体/液泡Chloroplast/vacuole
CaTPP6	Capana04g000072	232	26.33	6.24	-0.28	液泡Vacuole
CaTPP7	Capana06g001686	352	39.84	5.60	-0.38	叶绿体/液泡Chloroplast/vacuole
CaTPP8	Capana12g001588	358	40.21	9.19	-0.25	叶绿体/液泡Chloroplast/vacuole

图2 拟南芥、番茄及辣椒TPP基因家族的系统进化分析

Fig. 2 Phylogenetic analysis of the CaTPP gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana，Solanum lycopersicum and Capsicum annuum

图3 辣椒CaTPP家族的系统发育树（A）、保守基序（B）、结构域（C）及基因结构（D）分析

Fig. 3 Phylogenetic tree（A），conserved motif（B），domain（C）and gene structure（D）analysis of CaTPP family

图4 辣椒CaTPP基因启动子顺式作用元件的种类（A）及数量（B）分析

Fig. 4 Analysis of the types（A）and numbers（B）of cis-acting elements in the promoter of CaTPP genes

图5 CaTPP基因在辣椒基因组中的共线性分析红线表示TPP家族基因的共线关系，灰线代表基因组间的共线关系

Fig. 5 Collinear analysis of CaTPP genes in pepper genome The red lines represent the collinear relationships of the TPP family genes，and the gray lines represent the collinear relationships between the genomes

图6 辣椒与拟南芥、番茄TPP家族基因间的共线性关系红线表示TPP家族基因的共线关系，灰线代表基因组间的共线关系

Fig. 6 The collinearity relationship among the TPP family genes of Capsicum annuum，Arabidopsis thaliana，and Solanum lycopersicum The red lines represnt the collinear relationships of the TPP family genes，and the gray lines represent the collinear relationships between the genomes

图7 辣椒CaTPP基因在不同组织（A）、植物生长调节剂处理（B）及非生物胁迫（C）下的表达分析 L1 ~ L9：新叶出现后2、5、10、15、20、25、30、40、50 d的叶片样本；F1 ~ F9：不同大小的花蕾样本：0.25、0.25、0.35、0.50、0.70、0.80、1.00、1.20、1.45、1.70 cm

Fig. 7 Expression analysis of the CaTPP gene in peppers under different tissues（A），plant growth regulator treatments（B），and abiotic stresses（C） L1-L9：Leaf samples at 2，5，10，15，20，25，30，40，and 50 days after the appearance of new leaves；F1-F9：Sampled flower buds of different size of 0.25，0.35，0.50，0.70，0.80，1.00，1.20，1.45 and 1.70 cm

图8 辣椒CaTPP基因在不同组织中的表达误差线表示标准差，不同小写字母表示差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同

Fig. 8 Expression of CaTPP genes of pepper in different tissues The error line represents the standard deviation，and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences （P < 0.05）. The same below

图9 辣椒 CaTPP基因在IAA处理下的表达

Fig. 9 Expression of CaTPP genes of pepper under IAA treatment

图10 辣椒 CaTPP基因在ABA处理下的表达

Fig. 10 Expression of CaTPP genes of pepper under ABA treatment

图11 辣椒 CaTPP基因MeJA处理下的表达

Fig. 11 Expression of CaTPP genes of pepper under MeJA treatment

图12 辣椒CaTPP基因在盐胁迫中的表达

Fig. 12 Expression of CaTPP genes of pepper under salt stress

图13 辣椒CaTPP基因在干旱胁迫中的表达

Fig. 13 Expression of CaTPP genes of pepper under drought stress

图14 辣椒CaTPP基因在低温胁迫中的表达

Fig. 14 Expression of CaTPP genes of pepper under low temperature stress

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