十字花科蔬菜功能基因组学研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0353

园艺学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 1553-1570.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0353

• 综述 • 上一篇

十字花科蔬菜功能基因组学研究进展

孙雨萌¹^,^*, 王栋²^,^*, 杨磊¹, 马卫¹, 申书兴¹^,^**(), 赵建军¹^,^**()

¹ 华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室，河北农业大学园艺学院，河北保定 071001
² 华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室，河北农业大学生命科学学院，河北保定 071001

收稿日期:2025-12-25 修回日期:2026-01-12 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-05-26
通讯作者:
^** E-mail：shensx@hebau.edu.cn；
jjz1971@aliyun.com
作者简介:
*共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32330096); 国家自然科学基金项目(32222076); 河北省自然科学基金项目(C2023204308); 河北省自然科学基金项目(C2024204246)

Advances in Functional Genomics of Brassicaceae Vegetables

SUN Yumeng¹, WANG Dong², YANG Lei¹, MA Wei¹, SHEN Shuxing¹^,^**(), ZHAO Jianjun¹^,^**()

¹ State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation， College of Horticulture，Hebei Agricultural University，Baoding， Hebei 071001， China
² State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation， College of Life Sciences，Hebei Agricultural University，Baoding， Hebei 071001， China

Received:2025-12-25 Revised:2026-01-12 Published:2026-05-25 Online:2026-05-26
Contact:
^** E-mail：shensx@hebau.edu.cn；
jjz1971@aliyun.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

十字花科蔬菜（如白菜、甘蓝、芥菜、萝卜等）作为全球重要的经济作物，在营养健康、农业经济及生态平衡中发挥着不可替代的作用。然而，其基因组复杂性（如多倍体化、重复序列多、基因冗余）和遗传转化效率低等问题，限制了对关键农艺性状调控机制的解析及其在分子育种中的应用。近年来，随着功能基因组学的快速发展，为十字花科蔬菜高产、抗逆、抗病及高营养品质等优异性状定向改良与高效聚合提供了丰富的基因资源与理论依据。本文系统综述了十字花科蔬菜功能基因组学领域的主要进展，分析了当前面临的基因组组装精度低、多组学数据整合困难、基因编辑效率受限等严峻挑战，并探讨了第三代测序、单细胞组学及CRISPR-Cas等技术的发展对培育抗逆高产、营养强化新品种的的应用前景。

关键词: 十字花科, 蔬菜, 多组学分析, 抗病性, 营养品质, 功能基因组学

Abstract:

Brassicaceae vegetables，such as Chinese cabbage，Cabbage，mustard，and radish，serve as globally significant economic crops，playing an indispensable role in nutritional health，agricultural economies，and ecological balance. However，challenges including their complex genomic architecture （e.g.，polyploidy，abundant repetitive sequences，and gene redundancy）and low genetic transformation efficiency have hindered the elucidation of regulatory mechanisms for critical agronomic traits and their application in molecular breeding. In recent years，rapid advancements in functional genomics have provided abundant genetic resources and theoretical foundations for the targeted improvement and efficient integration of superior traits in Brassicaceae vegetables，such as high yield，stress tolerance，disease resistance，and enhanced functional nutrition quality. This review systematically summarizes major progress in functional genomics research on Brassicaceae vegetables，analyzes the severe challenges currently faced，identifies critical challenges including low genome assembly accuracy，difficulties in multi-omics data integration，and limited gene editing efficiency，and discusses the immense application prospects of the development of optimized technologies-such as third-generation sequencing，single-cell omics，and CRISPR-Cas systems-in accelerating the development of novel cultivars with improved stress resilience，productivity，and functional nutritional profiles.

Key words: Brassicaceae, vegetable, multi-omics analysis, disease resistance, nutritional quality, functional genomics

孙雨萌, 王栋, 杨磊, 马卫, 申书兴, 赵建军. 十字花科蔬菜功能基因组学研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(5): 1553-1570.

SUN Yumeng, WANG Dong, YANG Lei, MA Wei, SHEN Shuxing, ZHAO Jianjun. Advances in Functional Genomics of Brassicaceae Vegetables[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(5): 1553-1570.

图/表 1

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十字花科蔬菜功能基因组学研究进展

Advances in Functional Genomics of Brassicaceae Vegetables

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十字花科蔬菜功能基因组学研究进展

Advances in Functional Genomics of Brassicaceae Vegetables

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