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园艺学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (8): 2275-2288.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0283

• 遗传育种 · 种质资源 · 分子生物学 • 上一篇    下一篇

龙眼荔枝属间杂交后代叶片表型性状遗传多样性分析

刘丽琴1, 胡小文1, 李甜子1, 李响1, 王佳卉2, 薛忠1, 朱利飞1, 王弋1, 周建男1, 石胜友1,3,*()   

  1. 1 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所农业农村部热带果树生物学重点实验室,海南省热带园艺产品采后生理与保鲜重点实验室,国家热带果树种质资源圃, 广东湛江 524091
    2 广东海洋大学, 广东湛江 524091
    3 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所, 海口 571101
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-14 修回日期:2026-05-21 出版日期:2026-08-25 发布日期:2026-08-25
  • 通讯作者:
    * E-mail:
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(32272674); 广东省农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目(2024CXTD19); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(1630062025003); 热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室项目(NKLTCBCXTD11); 广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2022B0202070002)

Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Leaf Phenotypic Traits of Hybrid Progenies Between Longan and Litchi

LIU Liqin1, HU Xiaowen1, LI Tianzi1, LI Xiang1, WANG Jiahui2, XUE Zhong1, ZHU Lifei1, WANG Yi1, ZHOU Jiannan1, SHI Shengyou1,3,*()   

  1. 1 South Subtropical Crop Research Institution,CATAS;Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural ProductsNational Tropical Fruit Tree Germplasm Resource Nursery, Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524091
    2 Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524088, China
    3 Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, CATAS,Haikou 571101, China
  • Received:2026-03-14 Revised:2026-05-21 Published:2026-08-25 Online:2026-08-25

摘要:

对143份龙眼荔枝属间杂交后代(含父母本)叶片20个表型性状(描述型性状和数量性状各10个)进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明,杂交后代叶片具有丰富的遗传多样性。10个数量性状杂种优势表现出明显的方向性分化,小叶对数、小叶厚度、叶柄长度、叶片长度、叶轴长度表现为正向杂种优势,小叶长度、小叶宽度、小叶质量、小叶周长、小叶面积表现为负向杂种优势;变异系数值差异显著;遗传多样性存在显著梯度。10个描述型性状多样性指数范围为0.040 ~ 1.339,共检测到29个变异类型,其中叶面形态、叶尖形状和着生方式表现出较高的多样性。相关性分析显示20个表型性状间呈极显著相关39对,显著相关14对,揭示了性状间存在复杂的遗传调控网络和生态适应机制。主成分分析提取前7个主成分,累计贡献率仅为69.70%,其中表征生物量积累的叶片大小和质量等数量性状起主导作用,形状和颜色等描述型性状提供株系分类依据,其他微形态特征起辅助鉴别作用。聚类分析在欧氏距离1.1处将143个杂交株系分为7大类,包括短轴薄叶少叶型、缺刻多叶型、宽短叶型、轻薄小叶型、特大叶型、大叶型、常态叶型(披针薄叶弱波状、椭圆厚叶、常规偏大及小厚叶)。研究结果为龙眼荔枝属间杂交后代的表型评价和新品种选育提供了理论依据。

关键词: 龙眼, 荔枝, 属间杂交, 叶片, 表型性状, 遗传多样性

Abstract:

The genetic diversity of 20 phenotypic traits(10 qualitative traits and 10 quantitative traits)in leaves of 143 intergeneric hybrids between longan and litchi(including the parents)was analyzed. The results showed that hybrids exhibited rich genetic diversity in leaf traits. The 10 quantitative traits exhibited marked directional differentiation of heterosis,the number of leaflet pairs,leaflet thickness,petiole length,leaf length,and rachis length exhibited positive heterosis,whereas leaflet length,leaflet width,leaflet weight,leaflet perimeter,and leaflet area exhibited negative heterosis,showing significant differences in coefficients of variation(CV)and distinct gradient in genetic diversity. The diversity indices of the 10 qualitative traits ranged from 0.040 to 1.339. A total of 29 phenotypic variants were detected,among which leaf surface morphology,leaf tip shape,and leaf arrangement showed higher diversity. Correlation analysis identified 39 pairs of highly significant(P < 0.01)and 14 pairs of significant(P < 0.05)correlations between 20 phenotypic traits,revealing that the presence of complex genetic regulatory networks and ecological adaptation mechanisms among traits. Principal component analysis(PCA)revealed that the first seven principal components cumulatively accounted for a mere 69.70% of the total variance. Among them,quantitative traits associated with biomass accumulation(e.g.,leaf size and weight)exhibited dominant loadings,while qualitative traits(e.g.,shape and color)provided a basis for line classification,and other micromorphological characteristics served as supplementary references for identification. Cluster analysis divided 143 hybrids into 7 clusters at a Euclidean distance of 1.1,including:thin and few leaflets type,notched multi-leaflet type,broad-short leaf type,light-thin-small leaflet types,gigantifoliate type,large leaf type and normal leaf type(including lanceolate-thin-weakly undulate leaflet,elliptical thick leaflet,regular large-leaf,and small-thick leaflet),revealing hierarchical classification patterns of leaf morphology. These results provided a theoretical basis for the phenotypic evaluation and the breeding of new longan-litchi intergeneric hybrid cultivars.

Key words: longan, litchi, intergeneric hybridization, leaf, phenotypic trait, genetic diversity