茉莉酸甲酯对盐胁迫下核桃幼苗生长和生理生化特性的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0264

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究盐胁迫（150 mmol · L^-1NaCl）下外源茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）处理核桃幼苗的生理响应特性，以期为盐碱地核桃生产提供依据。以‘温185’核桃（Juglans regia‘Wen 185’）为试验材料，设置未添加盐对照及5个处理：即150 mmol · L^-1NaCl + 0、50、100、200、400 μmol · L^-1MeJA，测定幼苗生长表型、光化学特性、抗氧化酶、渗透调节物、内源激素以及离子含量。结果表明，外源MeJA处理可不同程度缓解盐胁迫引起的生长抑制。其中50 μmol · L^-1 MeJA处理的缓解效果最为显著，表现为叶片萎蔫减轻，地上部鲜质量、地下部鲜质量和净光合速率（P_n）较盐胁迫处理显著提升；显著提高了IAA、SA、JA含量、K⁺含量以及K⁺/Na⁺比值，同时降低了SOD、APX活性及可溶性糖含量，表明氧化损伤减轻、渗透调节趋于正常。100 μmol · L^-1处理对部分指标亦有改善作用，而200和400 μmol · L^-1处理的缓解效应随浓度升高逐渐减弱。综上，适宜浓度（50 μmol · L^-1）的外源MeJA可通过提升光合效率、优化离子平衡和抗氧化系统等多重生理途径有效增强核桃幼苗的耐盐性。

关键词: 核桃, 盐胁迫, 茉莉酸甲酯, 生理效应

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the physiological response characteristics of walnut seedlings treated with exogenous methyl jasmonate（MeJA）under salt stress（150 mmol · L^-1 NaCl），so as to provide a basis for walnut production in saline-alkali areas. Using‘Wen 185’walnut（Juglans regia‘Wen 185’）as the experimental material，five treatments were established：an untreated control，and 150 mmol · L^-1 NaCl supplemented with 0，50，100，200，or 400 μmol · L^-1 MeJA. Seedling growth phenotype，photochemical characteristics，antioxidant enzyme activities，osmotic regulators，endogenous hormones，and ion contents were measured. The results showed that exogenous MeJA treatment alleviated the growth inhibition caused by salt stress to varying degrees in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the treatments，50 μmol · L^-1 MeJA exhibited the most significant alleviating effect，manifested as reduced leaf wilting，and significantly increased shoot fresh weight，root fresh weight，and net photosynthetic rate（P_n）compared with the salt-stressed treatment. This treatment also significantly increased the contents of JA，SA，IAA and optimized ion balance（elevated K⁺ content and K⁺/Na⁺）. Correspondingly，the activities of SOD and APX，as well as soluble sugar content，were significantly decreased compared with T0，indicating mitigated oxidative damage and normalized osmotic regulation. 100 μmol · L^-1 MeJA also improved some indicators，whereas the alleviating effects of 200 and 400 μmol · L^-1 MeJA gradually weakened with increasing concentration. In conclusion，an appropriate concentration（50 μmol · L^-1）of exogenous MeJA can effectively enhance the salt tolerance of walnut seedlings through multiple physiological pathways，including improving photosynthetic efficiency，optimizing ion balance，and the antioxidant system.

Key words: Juglans regia, salt stress, methyl jasmonate, physiological effect

聂瑞宁, 吴承勖, 李敖, 郑旭, 姬新颖, 苏一, 孙乐园, 张俊佩. 茉莉酸甲酯对盐胁迫下核桃幼苗生长和生理生化特性的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(6): 1695-1708.

NIE Ruining, WU Chengxu, LI Ao, ZHENG Xu, JI Xinying, SU Yi, SUN Leyuan, ZHANG Junpei. Effects of Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate on the Growth and Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Walnut Seedlings Under Salt Stress[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(6): 1695-1708.

图/表 10

图1 MeJA和盐胁迫处理下核桃的表型变化 CK：对照，0 μmol · L-1 NaCl + 0 μmol · L-1 MeJA；T0 ~ T4分别为150 mmol · L-1 NaCl + 0、50、100、200、400 μmol · L-1 MeJA。下同

Fig. 1 Phenotypic changes of walnut under MeJA and salt stress treatments CK：Control，0 μmol · L-1 NaCl + 0 μmol · L-1 MeJA；T0-T4 were 150 mmol · L-1 NaCl + 0，50，100，200，400 μmol · L-1 MeJA，respectively. The same below

表1 MeJA和盐胁迫处理下核桃各部位干鲜质量

Table 1 Effects of MeJA and salt stress on fresh and dry weight in different tissues of walnut

处理 Treatment	地上部鲜质量/g Shoot fresh weight	地上部干质量/g Shoot dry weight	地下部鲜质量/g Root fresh weight	地下部干质量/g Root dry weight	总干质量/g Total weight
CK	21.88 ± 4.09 a	6.07 ± 1.23 a	15.09 ± 6.45 a	5.82 ± 0.62 a	12.22 ± 1.45 a
T0	13.46 ± 2.44 c	5.70 ± 1.02 a	6.77 ± 0.48 b	5.32 ± 0.67 a	11.02 ± 1.67 a
T1	20.73 ± 1.34 ab	6.55 ± 0.92 a	22.10 ± 3.64 a	5.88 ± 1.30 a	12.42 ± 0.44 a
T2	16.92 ± 2.08 bc	6.78 ± 1.05 a	17.82 ± 2.89 a	4.70 ± 1.34 a	11.48 ± 1.49 a
T3	14.55 ± 1.01 c	5.50 ± 0.80 a	18.67 ± 1.93 a	4.81 ± 0.75 a	10.31 ± 0.62 a
T4	14.74 ± 0.84 c	5.93 ± 0.63 a	18.40 ± 5.31 a	5.09 ± 0.52 a	10.81 ± 0.93 a

图2 MeJA和盐胁迫处理下核桃叶片气孔的变化邓肯氏检验，不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同

Fig. 2 Stomatal changes of walnut leaves under MeJA and salt stress treatments Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments according to Duncan’s multiple range test（P < 0.05）. The same below

图3 MeJA和盐胁迫处理下核桃光合特性的变化 A ~ D：光合色素；E ~ H：光合参数；I ~ L：PSⅡ响应参数

Fig. 3 Changes in photosynthetic characteristics of walnut under MeJA and salt stress treatments A-D：Photosynthetic pigments；E-H：Photosynthetic parameters；I-L：PSⅡresponse parameters

图4 MeJA和盐胁迫下核桃的SOD、POD、APX活性和MDA、可溶性糖含量变化

Fig. 4 Changes in SOD，POD，APX activities and MDA，soluble sugar contents in walnut under MeJA and salt stress

图5 MeJA和盐胁迫下核桃叶片Na+、K+、K+/Na+、H+、Ca2+的变化

Fig. 5 Changes in the content of Na+，K+，K+/Na+，H+，Ca2+ in walnut under MeJA and salt stresses

图6 MeJA和盐胁迫处理下核桃的叶片IAA、SA、JA、ABA含量的变化

Fig. 6 Changes in the content of IAA，SA，JA and ABA in walnut leaves under MeJA and salt stresses

图7 核桃叶片的生理指标的相关性分析 SFW：地上部鲜质量；SDW：地上部干质量；RFW：地下部鲜质量；RDW：地下部干质量；W：总干质量；Chl a：叶绿素a；Chl b：叶绿素b；Caro：类胡萝卜素；SL：气孔长度；SW：气孔宽度；SL/SW：气孔长宽比；Pn：净光合速率；Gs：气孔导度；Tr：蒸腾速率；Ci：胞间CO2浓度；Fv/Fm：PSII最大光化学量子产量；Fv/F0：PSII潜在光化学活性；Fm/F0：通过PSII的电子传递速率；PIABS：基于吸收光能的性能指数；SOD：超氧化物歧化酶；POD：过氧化物酶；APX：抗坏血酸过氧化物酶；MDA：丙二醛；SS：可溶性糖；IAA：生长素；ABA：脱落酸；SA：水杨酸；JA：茉莉酸。* P < 0.05；** P < 0.01；*** P < 0.001。下同

Fig. 7 Correlation analysis of walnut leaves under MeJA and salt stress treatments SFW：Shoot fresh weight；SDW：Shoot dry weight；RFW：Root fresh weight；RDW：Root dry weight；W：Total dry weight；Chl a：Chlorophyll a；Chl b：Chlorophyll b；Caro：Carotenoid；SL：Stomatal length；SW：Stomatal width；SL/SW：Stomatal length-to-width ratio. Pn：Net photosynthetic rate；Gs：Stomatal conductance；Tr：Transpiration rate；Ci：Intercellular CO2 concentration；Fv/Fm：Maximal quantum yield of PSII；Fv/F0：Potential photochemical activity of PSII；Fm/F0：Electron transport rate through PSII；PIABS：Performance index based on absorption；SOD：Superoxide dismutase；POD：Peroxidase；APX：Ascorbate peroxidase；MDA：Malondialdehyde；SS：Soluble sugar；IAA：Indole-3-acetic acid；ABA：Abscisic acid；SA：Salicylic acid；JA：Jasmonic acid.** P < 0.01；*** P < 0.001. The same below

图8 核桃叶片的生理指标的主成分分析

Fig. 8 Principal component analysis of walnut leaves under MeJA and salt stress treatments

表2 不同浓度MeJA调控核桃幼苗生长的综合评价

Table 2 Comprehensive evaluation of walnut seedlings growth under different concentrations of MeJA

处理组 Treatment	主成分1 Principal component 1	主成分2 Principal component 2	主成分3 Principal component 3	主成分4 Principal component 4	D值 D value	排序 Rank
CK	1.000	0.415	0.757	0.477	0.867	1
T0	0.288	0	0	0.791	0.235	5
T1	0.607	0.976	0.120	0.707	0.625	2
T2	0.382	1.000	0.359	1.000	0.499	3
T3	0.255	0.781	0.140	0	0.319	4
T4	0	0.591	1.000	0.617	0.205	6
权重Weight	0.717	0.157	0.090	0.036

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