核桃11个品种抗寒性综合评价

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-1064

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以11个主栽核桃品种的春季新梢作为研究材料，通过测定低温处理（-2 ℃、12 h）后叶片的相对电导率（REC）、丙二醛（MDA）、可溶性蛋白（SP）、可溶性糖（SS）、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）、还原型谷胱甘肽含量（GSH），以及过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性等生理指标，比较品种在低温胁迫下各生理指标的差异，隶属函数分析法和主成分分析法对品种抗寒能力综合评价结论基本一致，结合聚类分析，将11个品种分为4类，抗寒能力最强的是‘强特勒’，较强的是‘辽核1号’‘塞比塞尔’和‘晋龙2号’，中等的是‘京861’‘西扶1号’‘礼品2号’和‘中林3号’，较弱的是‘西林3号’‘清香’和‘香玲’。

关键词: 核桃, 抗寒性, 生理指标, 主成分分析, 隶属函数法

Abstract:

In order to evaluate the cold tolerance of different walnut cultivars，the sprouting shoots of eleven common walnut cultivars were collected and subjected to low-temperature treatment（-2 ℃，12 h）. Nine physiological indexes of each cultivar leaves under cold stress were measured and compared，including relative electrical conductivity（REC），the contents of malondialdehyde（MDA），soluble protein （SP），soluble sugar（SS），hydrogen peroxide（H₂O₂），and reduced glutathione（GSH），and the activities of catalase（CAT），peroxidase（POD），and superoxide dismutase（SOD）. Subsequently，the cold tolerance of different walnut cultivars was comprehensively evaluated using membership function value method and principal component analysis. The conclusions obtained from the above two methods are basically consistent. Based on the cluster analysis，the eleven cultivars are divided into four categories，among which‘Chandler’exhibits the strongest cold tolerance，followed by‘Liaohe 1’‘Sibisel Precoce’and ‘Jinlong 2’.‘Jing 861’‘Xifu 1’‘Lipin 2’，and‘Zhonglin 3’show moderate cold tolerance，while ‘Xilin 3’‘Qingxiang’，and‘Xiangling’exhibit weaker cold tolerance.

Key words: walnut, cold tolerance, physiological indexes, principal component analysis, membership function value method

李建, 王君桃, 史根生, 郝华正, 冀中锐, 许陶瑜, 王晶, 陈霖. 核桃11个品种抗寒性综合评价[J]. 园艺学报, 2026, 53(1): 174-184.

LI Jian, WANG Juntao, SHI Gensheng, HAO Huazheng, JI Zhongrui, XU Taoyu, WANG Jing, CHEN Lin. Comprehensive Evaluation on Cold Tolerance of Eleven Walnut Cultivars[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(1): 174-184.

图/表 8

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品种 Cultivar	树龄/年 Tree age/year	2024年萌芽期/（M-D） The sprouting date in 2024	品种 Cultivar	树龄/年 Tree age/year	2024年萌芽期/（M-D） The sprouting date in 2024
礼品2号 Lipin 2	9	03-27	京861 Jing 861	9	03-30
晋龙2号 Jinlong 2	9	04-02	塞比塞尔 Sibisel Precoce	8	04-02
西扶1号 Xifu 1	9	03-25	西林3号 Xilin 3	9	03-29
香玲 Xiangling	9	03-25	中林3号 Zhonglin 3	9	03-31
强特勒 Chandler	8	04-06	辽核1号 Liaohe 1	9	03-25
清香 Qingxiang	9	03-31

品种 Cultivar	树龄/年 Tree age/year	2024年萌芽期/（M-D） The sprouting date in 2024	品种 Cultivar	树龄/年 Tree age/year	2024年萌芽期/（M-D） The sprouting date in 2024
礼品2号 Lipin 2	9	03-27	京861 Jing 861	9	03-30
晋龙2号 Jinlong 2	9	04-02	塞比塞尔 Sibisel Precoce	8	04-02
西扶1号 Xifu 1	9	03-25	西林3号 Xilin 3	9	03-29
香玲 Xiangling	9	03-25	中林3号 Zhonglin 3	9	03-31
强特勒 Chandler	8	04-06	辽核1号 Liaohe 1	9	03-25
清香 Qingxiang	9	03-31

品种 Cultivar	相对电导率 REC	丙二醛 MDA	过氧化氢 H₂O₂	过氧化氢酶 CAT	过氧化物酶 POD	超氧化物歧化酶 SOD	可溶性糖 SS	可溶性蛋白 SP	谷胱甘肽 GSH	平均值 Average	排序 Rank
礼品2号Lipin 2	0.929	0.509	0.427	0.671	0.411	0.421	0.284	0.000	0.701	0.484	7
晋龙2号Jinlong 2	0.953	0.603	0.000	0.773	0.211	0.413	0.341	1.000	0.962	0.584	4
西扶1号Xifu 1	0.891	0.499	0.586	0.478	0.471	0.455	0.132	0.834	0.099	0.494	6
香玲Xiangling	0.112	0.189	0.139	0.008	0.000	0.114	0.000	0.676	0.165	0.156	11
强特勒Chandler	0.953	0.854	0.683	0.567	1.000	1.000	0.641	0.855	1.000	0.839	1
清香Qingxiang	0.120	0.124	0.670	0.260	0.151	0.184	0.110	0.726	0.000	0.261	10
京861 Jing 861	0.895	1.000	0.177	1.000	0.226	0.000	1.000	0.747	0.143	0.577	5
塞比塞尔 Sibisel Precoce	1.000	0.648	1.000	0.488	0.900	0.407	0.152	0.781	0.144	0.613	2
西林3号Xilin 3	0.000	0.000	0.503	0.000	0.311	0.532	0.085	0.969	0.329	0.303	9
中林3号Zhonglin 3	0.891	0.602	0.359	0.189	0.608	0.354	0.041	0.792	0.429	0.474	8
辽核1号Liaohe 1	0.831	0.446	0.413	0.410	0.528	0.522	0.493	0.906	0.727	0.586	3

品种 Cultivar	相对电导率 REC	丙二醛 MDA	过氧化氢 H₂O₂	过氧化氢酶 CAT	过氧化物酶 POD	超氧化物歧化酶 SOD	可溶性糖 SS	可溶性蛋白 SP	谷胱甘肽 GSH	平均值 Average	排序 Rank
礼品2号Lipin 2	0.929	0.509	0.427	0.671	0.411	0.421	0.284	0.000	0.701	0.484	7
晋龙2号Jinlong 2	0.953	0.603	0.000	0.773	0.211	0.413	0.341	1.000	0.962	0.584	4
西扶1号Xifu 1	0.891	0.499	0.586	0.478	0.471	0.455	0.132	0.834	0.099	0.494	6
香玲Xiangling	0.112	0.189	0.139	0.008	0.000	0.114	0.000	0.676	0.165	0.156	11
强特勒Chandler	0.953	0.854	0.683	0.567	1.000	1.000	0.641	0.855	1.000	0.839	1
清香Qingxiang	0.120	0.124	0.670	0.260	0.151	0.184	0.110	0.726	0.000	0.261	10
京861 Jing 861	0.895	1.000	0.177	1.000	0.226	0.000	1.000	0.747	0.143	0.577	5
塞比塞尔 Sibisel Precoce	1.000	0.648	1.000	0.488	0.900	0.407	0.152	0.781	0.144	0.613	2
西林3号Xilin 3	0.000	0.000	0.503	0.000	0.311	0.532	0.085	0.969	0.329	0.303	9
中林3号Zhonglin 3	0.891	0.602	0.359	0.189	0.608	0.354	0.041	0.792	0.429	0.474	8
辽核1号Liaohe 1	0.831	0.446	0.413	0.410	0.528	0.522	0.493	0.906	0.727	0.586	3

指标 Index	主成分 Principal component
指标 Index	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	III
相对电导率 REC	-0.898	0.031	0.162
丙二醛 MDA	-0.904	0.244	0.173
过氧化氢酶 CAT	0.798	-0.494	-0.157
过氧化物酶 POD	0.651	0.711	-0.191
超氧化物歧化酶 SOD	0.471	0.754	0.367
可溶性糖 SS	-0.034	0.212	0.483
可溶性蛋白 SP	0.722	-0.435	0.050
谷胱甘肽 GSH	0.608	0.145	0.661
过氧化氢 H₂O₂	-0.076	-0.763	0.579
特征值 Eigen value	3.804	2.215	1.261
贡献率/% Contribution ratio	42.271	24.614	14.012
累计贡献率/% Cumulative contribution ratio	42.271	66.885	80.897