薯类愈伤机制及其愈伤方法研究进展

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0800

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

薯类在收获及运输过程中易遭受机械损伤，采后适当的愈伤处理能有效抑制薯类在贮藏过程中由于机械损伤导致的腐烂和品质劣变。本文对薯类愈伤组织的形成机制进行了综述，并对现有的愈伤方法进行了介绍和总结，以期为进一步研究薯类愈伤机理，探索更安全高效、经济便捷的薯类愈伤方法提供参考。

关键词: 薯类, 机械伤, 愈伤机制, 愈伤方法, 综述

Abstract:

Tuber and root crops are susceptible to get mechanical damages during harvesting and transportation. Proper postharvest wound-healing treatment can effectively inhibit decay and quality deterioration in tuber and root crops caused by mechanical damages during storage. In this paper，the mechanisms of healing tissue formation are reviewed，and the wound-healing methods of tuber and root crops are summarized. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for further in-depth study of the wound-healing mechanism，and exploring more safe，efficient，economic and convenient wound-healing methods for tuber and root crops in the future.

Key words: tuber and root crop, mechanical damage, wound-healing mechanism, wound-healing method, review

刘晓宇, 王彩霞, 叶麒, 李诚, 方正锋, 陈洪, 陈赛艳, 曾珍. 薯类愈伤机制及其愈伤方法研究进展[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(12): 2962-2976.

LIU Xiaoyu, WANG Caixia, YE Qi, LI Cheng, FANG Zhengfeng, CHEN Hong, CHEN Saiyan, ZENG Zhen. Research Progress on the Wound-Healing Mechanism and Methods of Tuber and Root Crop[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(12): 2962-2976.

图/表 2

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	张婷婷, 王凤玲, 彭梦云, 张欠欠, 何兴兴, 林琼, 关文强. 2022. 低压静电场对采后马铃薯块茎愈伤效果的影响. 食品研究与开发, 43 (10):62-69.
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愈伤方法 Healing method		种类 Variety	愈伤机制及效果 Mechanism and effect of wound healing	参考文献 Reference
自然 Natural	田间堆放 Field-piled	甘薯 Sweet potato	加快愈伤速度，减少干物质损失和水分蒸发 Accelerate the healing process，reduce dry matter loss and moisture evaporation	Atuna et al.,2017
物理 Physical	热激 Heat shock	甘薯Sweet potato	激活苯丙烷代谢和活性氧代谢，提升伤口抗氧化活性，缩短愈伤时间 Activate phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism，enhance the antioxidant activity of wound，and shorten the healing time	辛奇等,2022
	热水浸泡 Hot water dipping	马铃薯 Potato	激活苯丙烷代谢和活性氧代谢，加速聚酚软木脂和木质素积累，促进伤口愈合 Activate phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism，accelerate the accumulation of SPP and lignin，and promote wound healing	杨瑞瑞,2021；Yang et al.,2020
	高温 High temperature	山药 Yam	激活活性氧代谢和苯丙烷代谢，促进酚类物质和木质素积累，加速伤口愈合 Activate phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism，promote the accumulation of phenolic compounds and lignin，and accelerate wound healing	杨书珍等,2019
	高湿 High humidity	甘薯 Sweet potato	激活苯丙烷代谢，促进木质素和类黄酮积累，加速愈伤组织生成 Activate phenylpropanoid metabolism，promote the accumulation of lignin and flavonoids，and accelerate the formation of healing tissue	魏蕾等,2021
	短波紫外线 Ultraviolet-C	马铃薯 Potato	激活苯丙烷代谢，并激活钙依赖性蛋白激酶以调节活性氧稳态，降低失重率 Activate phenylpropanoid metabolism and activate calcium-dependent protein kinases to regulate ROS homeostasis and reduce weight loss	Jakubowski,2018；张婷婷,2022；Zhang et al.,2023
	黑暗环境 Dark place	马铃薯 Potato	激活苯丙烷代谢，提升PPO、POD等酶活性，促进活性氧积累，加快愈伤进程 Activate phenylpropanoid metabolism，enhance the activity of PPO and POD，promote the accumulation of ROS，and accelerate the healing process.	魏亚楠等,2021
	静电场 Voltage electrostatic	甘薯 Sweet potato	促进损伤部位聚酚软木脂和木质素积累，保护细胞膜完整性，提高愈伤速度 Promote the accumulation of SPP and lignin at the injury site，protect the integrity of the cell membrane，and accelerate wound healing	成纪予等,2021
	静电场 Voltage electrostatic	马铃薯 Potato	提高PAL、SOD、POD等关键酶活性，加速总酚、类黄酮及木质素积累 Enhance the activity of key enzymes such as PAL，SOD，and POD，and accelerate the accumulation of total phenols，flavonoids，and lignin	张婷婷等,2022
化学 Chemical	水杨酸 Salicylic acid	马铃薯 Potato	激活苯丙烷代谢和活性氧代谢，促进木质素和聚酚软木脂的积累，增加愈伤组织厚度 Activate phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism，promote the accumulation of lignin and SPP，and increase the thickness of healing tissue	李昌健等,2018
	苯并噻重氮 Acibenzolar-S-methyl	马铃薯 Potato	激活苯丙烷代谢，提高与活性氧生成相关酶的活性和基因转录水平，提升愈伤效果 Activate phenylpropanoid metabolism，increase the activity and gene expression levels of enzymes related to ROS production，and enhance the wound healing effect	Jiang et al.,2019,2020；李雪,2018；李昌健,2018
	苯并噻唑 Benzothiazole	甘薯 Sweet potato	激活苯丙烷代谢，加快木质素在损伤部位的积累 Activate phenylpropanoid metabolism，accelerate the accumulation of lignin at the injury site	Wang et al.,2020
	油菜素内酯 Brassinosteroid	马铃薯 Potato	提高与苯丙烷和活性氧代谢相关酶的基因表达，加速创面愈合 Increases gene expression of enzymes related to phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism to accelerate wound healing	Han et al.,2022b
	一氧化氮 Nitric oxide	马铃薯 Potato	提高苯丙烷和活性氧代谢关键酶的活性，加速聚酚软木脂和木质素积累，促进愈伤 Increase the activity of key enzymes related to phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism，accelerate the accumulation of SPP and lignin，and promote healing	韩占红等,2020；张梅花等,2021
	茉莉酸甲酯 Methyl-jasmonate	马铃薯 Potato	增强抗性基因表达，提高关键酶活，激活苯丙烷代谢，提升愈伤组织硬度和厚度 Enhance the expression of resistance genes and the activity of key enzymes，activate phenylpropanoid metabolism，and improve the hardness and thickness of healing tissue	Zhou et al.,2019
	茉莉酸甲酯 Methyl-jasmonate	山药 Yam	激活苯丙烷代谢，促进聚酚软木脂在损伤部位的积累，加快愈伤进程 Activate phenylpropanoid metabolism，promote the accumulation of SPP at the injury site，and accelerate the healing process	Wei et al.,2023
	脱落酸 Abscisic acid	甘薯 Sweet potato	提高PAL、POD和PPO酶活性，促进总酚、类黄酮的积累，加速愈伤组织形成 Increase the activity of PAL，POD and PPO，promote the accumulation of total phenols and flavonoids，and accelerate the formation of healing tissue	吕晓龙等,2020
	脱落酸 Abscisic acid	马铃薯 Potato	激活苯丙烷代谢和活性氧代谢，加快损伤部位愈伤进程 Activate phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism to accelerate the healing process at the injury site	吴觉天,2014；张志鹏等,2023；李雪等,2017
愈伤方法 Healing method		种类 Variety	愈伤机制及效果 Mechanism and effect of wound healing	参考文献 Reference
化学 Chemical	褪黑素 Melatonin	马铃薯 Potato	上调苯丙烷和活性氧代谢关键酶基因表达，加速聚酚软木脂和木质素在损伤部位的积累 Upregulate the gene expression of key enzymes related to phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism to accelerate the accumulation of SPP and lignin at the injury site	Wang et al.,2023
	p-香豆酸 p-Coumaric acid	马铃薯 Potato	激活苯丙烷代谢，加快H₂O₂生成，提升POD活性，加速愈伤进程 Activate phenylpropanoid metabolism，accelerate the production of H₂O₂，enhance the activity of POD，accelerate the healing process	梁伟等,2021
	β-氨基丁酸 β-Aminobutyric acid	马铃薯 Potato	激活苯丙烷代谢，加速聚酚软木脂和木质素在伤口处积累，降低失重率和病情指数 Activate phenylpropanoid metabolism，accelerate the accumulation of SPP and lignin at the wound site，and reduce weight loss and disease index	Zhu et al.,2021
	二氧化氯 Chlorine dioxide	马铃薯 Potato	激活苯丙烷代谢，加速活性氧产生，提高POD活性，促进聚酚软木脂和木质素积累 Activate phenylpropanoid metabolism，accelerate ROS production，enhance POD activity，and promote the accumulation of SPP and lignin	柴秀伟等,2022
	硅酸钠 Sodium silicate	马铃薯 Potato	诱导调控苯丙烷代谢关键酶基因表达，促进聚酚软木脂、木质素及抗菌化合物的沉积 Regulate the expression of key enzyme genes related to phenylpropanoid metabolism to promote the deposition of SPP，lignin，and antimicrobial compounds	Han et al.,2022a
生物 Biological	生物防治菌 Biocontrol bacteria	马铃薯 Potato	在损伤部位形成一层保护膜，并通过激活苯丙烷代谢和活性氧代谢加快愈伤进程 Form a protective layer at the injury site and accelerate the healing process by activating phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism	Zhen et al.,2021,2022
复合 Combined	BTH-Ca²⁺ + 真空浸渍 BTH-Ca²⁺+ Vacuum impregnation	甘薯 Sweet potato	激活苯丙烷代谢和活性氧代谢，促进木质素在损伤部位积累，提高愈伤能力 Activate phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism to promote lignin accumulation at the injury site and enhance healing ability	宣红霞等,2023
复合 Combined	β-氨基丁酸 + NaHCO₃ β-Aminobutyric acid + NaHCO₃	山药 Yam	提高苯丙烷代谢和活性氧代谢水平，加快SPP和木质素在损伤部位沉积，增加愈伤组织厚度 Increase the levels of phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism，accelerate the deposition of SPP and lignin at the damage site，and increase the thickness of healing tissue	刘灿等,2020
	低压静电场 + UV-C LVEF + UV-C	马铃薯 Potato	提升苯丙烷代谢和活性氧代谢关键酶活性，加速损伤部位SPP和木质素积累，提高愈伤组织硬度和厚度 Enhance the activity of key enzymes related to phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism，accelerate the accumulation of SPP and lignin at the injury site，and increase the hardness and thickness of healing tissue	张婷婷,2022

愈伤方法 Healing method		种类 Variety	愈伤机制及效果 Mechanism and effect of wound healing	参考文献 Reference
自然 Natural	田间堆放 Field-piled	甘薯 Sweet potato	加快愈伤速度，减少干物质损失和水分蒸发 Accelerate the healing process，reduce dry matter loss and moisture evaporation	Atuna et al.,2017
物理 Physical	热激 Heat shock	甘薯Sweet potato	激活苯丙烷代谢和活性氧代谢，提升伤口抗氧化活性，缩短愈伤时间 Activate phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism，enhance the antioxidant activity of wound，and shorten the healing time	辛奇等,2022
	热水浸泡 Hot water dipping	马铃薯 Potato	激活苯丙烷代谢和活性氧代谢，加速聚酚软木脂和木质素积累，促进伤口愈合 Activate phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism，accelerate the accumulation of SPP and lignin，and promote wound healing	杨瑞瑞,2021；Yang et al.,2020
	高温 High temperature	山药 Yam	激活活性氧代谢和苯丙烷代谢，促进酚类物质和木质素积累，加速伤口愈合 Activate phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism，promote the accumulation of phenolic compounds and lignin，and accelerate wound healing	杨书珍等,2019
	高湿 High humidity	甘薯 Sweet potato	激活苯丙烷代谢，促进木质素和类黄酮积累，加速愈伤组织生成 Activate phenylpropanoid metabolism，promote the accumulation of lignin and flavonoids，and accelerate the formation of healing tissue	魏蕾等,2021
	短波紫外线 Ultraviolet-C	马铃薯 Potato	激活苯丙烷代谢，并激活钙依赖性蛋白激酶以调节活性氧稳态，降低失重率 Activate phenylpropanoid metabolism and activate calcium-dependent protein kinases to regulate ROS homeostasis and reduce weight loss	Jakubowski,2018；张婷婷,2022；Zhang et al.,2023
	黑暗环境 Dark place	马铃薯 Potato	激活苯丙烷代谢，提升PPO、POD等酶活性，促进活性氧积累，加快愈伤进程 Activate phenylpropanoid metabolism，enhance the activity of PPO and POD，promote the accumulation of ROS，and accelerate the healing process.	魏亚楠等,2021
	静电场 Voltage electrostatic	甘薯 Sweet potato	促进损伤部位聚酚软木脂和木质素积累，保护细胞膜完整性，提高愈伤速度 Promote the accumulation of SPP and lignin at the injury site，protect the integrity of the cell membrane，and accelerate wound healing	成纪予等,2021
	静电场 Voltage electrostatic	马铃薯 Potato	提高PAL、SOD、POD等关键酶活性，加速总酚、类黄酮及木质素积累 Enhance the activity of key enzymes such as PAL，SOD，and POD，and accelerate the accumulation of total phenols，flavonoids，and lignin	张婷婷等,2022
化学 Chemical	水杨酸 Salicylic acid	马铃薯 Potato	激活苯丙烷代谢和活性氧代谢，促进木质素和聚酚软木脂的积累，增加愈伤组织厚度 Activate phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism，promote the accumulation of lignin and SPP，and increase the thickness of healing tissue	李昌健等,2018
	苯并噻重氮 Acibenzolar-S-methyl	马铃薯 Potato	激活苯丙烷代谢，提高与活性氧生成相关酶的活性和基因转录水平，提升愈伤效果 Activate phenylpropanoid metabolism，increase the activity and gene expression levels of enzymes related to ROS production，and enhance the wound healing effect	Jiang et al.,2019,2020；李雪,2018；李昌健,2018
	苯并噻唑 Benzothiazole	甘薯 Sweet potato	激活苯丙烷代谢，加快木质素在损伤部位的积累 Activate phenylpropanoid metabolism，accelerate the accumulation of lignin at the injury site	Wang et al.,2020
	油菜素内酯 Brassinosteroid	马铃薯 Potato	提高与苯丙烷和活性氧代谢相关酶的基因表达，加速创面愈合 Increases gene expression of enzymes related to phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism to accelerate wound healing	Han et al.,2022b
	一氧化氮 Nitric oxide	马铃薯 Potato	提高苯丙烷和活性氧代谢关键酶的活性，加速聚酚软木脂和木质素积累，促进愈伤 Increase the activity of key enzymes related to phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism，accelerate the accumulation of SPP and lignin，and promote healing	韩占红等,2020；张梅花等,2021
	茉莉酸甲酯 Methyl-jasmonate	马铃薯 Potato	增强抗性基因表达，提高关键酶活，激活苯丙烷代谢，提升愈伤组织硬度和厚度 Enhance the expression of resistance genes and the activity of key enzymes，activate phenylpropanoid metabolism，and improve the hardness and thickness of healing tissue	Zhou et al.,2019
	茉莉酸甲酯 Methyl-jasmonate	山药 Yam	激活苯丙烷代谢，促进聚酚软木脂在损伤部位的积累，加快愈伤进程 Activate phenylpropanoid metabolism，promote the accumulation of SPP at the injury site，and accelerate the healing process	Wei et al.,2023
	脱落酸 Abscisic acid	甘薯 Sweet potato	提高PAL、POD和PPO酶活性，促进总酚、类黄酮的积累，加速愈伤组织形成 Increase the activity of PAL，POD and PPO，promote the accumulation of total phenols and flavonoids，and accelerate the formation of healing tissue	吕晓龙等,2020
	脱落酸 Abscisic acid	马铃薯 Potato	激活苯丙烷代谢和活性氧代谢，加快损伤部位愈伤进程 Activate phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism to accelerate the healing process at the injury site	吴觉天,2014；张志鹏等,2023；李雪等,2017
愈伤方法 Healing method		种类 Variety	愈伤机制及效果 Mechanism and effect of wound healing	参考文献 Reference
化学 Chemical	褪黑素 Melatonin	马铃薯 Potato	上调苯丙烷和活性氧代谢关键酶基因表达，加速聚酚软木脂和木质素在损伤部位的积累 Upregulate the gene expression of key enzymes related to phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism to accelerate the accumulation of SPP and lignin at the injury site	Wang et al.,2023
	p-香豆酸 p-Coumaric acid	马铃薯 Potato	激活苯丙烷代谢，加快H₂O₂生成，提升POD活性，加速愈伤进程 Activate phenylpropanoid metabolism，accelerate the production of H₂O₂，enhance the activity of POD，accelerate the healing process	梁伟等,2021
	β-氨基丁酸 β-Aminobutyric acid	马铃薯 Potato	激活苯丙烷代谢，加速聚酚软木脂和木质素在伤口处积累，降低失重率和病情指数 Activate phenylpropanoid metabolism，accelerate the accumulation of SPP and lignin at the wound site，and reduce weight loss and disease index	Zhu et al.,2021
	二氧化氯 Chlorine dioxide	马铃薯 Potato	激活苯丙烷代谢，加速活性氧产生，提高POD活性，促进聚酚软木脂和木质素积累 Activate phenylpropanoid metabolism，accelerate ROS production，enhance POD activity，and promote the accumulation of SPP and lignin	柴秀伟等,2022
	硅酸钠 Sodium silicate	马铃薯 Potato	诱导调控苯丙烷代谢关键酶基因表达，促进聚酚软木脂、木质素及抗菌化合物的沉积 Regulate the expression of key enzyme genes related to phenylpropanoid metabolism to promote the deposition of SPP，lignin，and antimicrobial compounds	Han et al.,2022a
生物 Biological	生物防治菌 Biocontrol bacteria	马铃薯 Potato	在损伤部位形成一层保护膜，并通过激活苯丙烷代谢和活性氧代谢加快愈伤进程 Form a protective layer at the injury site and accelerate the healing process by activating phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism	Zhen et al.,2021,2022
复合 Combined	BTH-Ca²⁺ + 真空浸渍 BTH-Ca²⁺+ Vacuum impregnation	甘薯 Sweet potato	激活苯丙烷代谢和活性氧代谢，促进木质素在损伤部位积累，提高愈伤能力 Activate phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism to promote lignin accumulation at the injury site and enhance healing ability	宣红霞等,2023
复合 Combined	β-氨基丁酸 + NaHCO₃ β-Aminobutyric acid + NaHCO₃	山药 Yam	提高苯丙烷代谢和活性氧代谢水平，加快SPP和木质素在损伤部位沉积，增加愈伤组织厚度 Increase the levels of phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism，accelerate the deposition of SPP and lignin at the damage site，and increase the thickness of healing tissue	刘灿等,2020
	低压静电场 + UV-C LVEF + UV-C	马铃薯 Potato	提升苯丙烷代谢和活性氧代谢关键酶活性，加速损伤部位SPP和木质素积累，提高愈伤组织硬度和厚度 Enhance the activity of key enzymes related to phenylpropanoid and ROS metabolism，accelerate the accumulation of SPP and lignin at the injury site，and increase the hardness and thickness of healing tissue	张婷婷,2022