嗜线虫镰刀菌NQ8GⅡ4对枸杞根腐病的防效及其机制研究

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-1173

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确内生真菌嗜线虫镰刀菌（Fusarium nematophilum）NQ8GⅡ4菌株对枸杞根腐病的防效及作用机制，利用平板对峙法测定其对枸杞根腐病原菌（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycium barbarum）菌丝生长的抑制作用，通过盆栽试验测定对枸杞根腐病的防治效果，并采用防御酶活性测定和组织化学染色分析其作用机制。结果表明，预先3 d接种NQ8GⅡ4菌株能显著抑制尖孢镰刀菌菌丝的生长，抑制率高达70.07%。拌土法接种NQ8GⅡ4菌株可显著降低温室中枸杞根腐病的发生，防效为76.38%，与化学药剂多菌灵防效相当。接种NQ8GⅡ4菌株显著促进枸杞生长，株高、侧枝数、叶宽、茎粗和根长分别比对照增加了37.61%、90.56%、52.50%、32.35%和44.69%。在病原菌胁迫下，接种NQ8GⅡ4后21 d与不接种相比POD、SOD、PAL和CAT活性分别增加33.92%、65.64%、57.96%和41.59%，MDA含量减少44.23%。说明接种NQ8GⅡ4菌株可以促进枸杞幼苗生长，激发植株体内防御酶活性，缓解病原菌胁迫导致的膜脂过氧化作用，进而提高对根腐病的抗性，该菌株具有良好的生防潜力和应用前景。

关键词: 枸杞, 根腐病, 内生真菌, 嗜线虫镰刀菌, 生物防治

Abstract:

To clarify the efficacy and mechanism of action of Fusarium nematophilum NQ8GⅡ4 on Chinese wolfberry root rot，the inhibitory effect of F. nematophilum NQ8GⅡ4 on the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycium barbarum was determined by the plate standoff method，and its effect on the control of chinese wolfberry root rot was determined by pot test，and the mechanism of action was analyzed by histochemical staining，the mechanism of action was analyzed by defense enzyme activity assay and histochemical staining. The results showed that pre-inoculation of strain NQ8GⅡ4 for 3 d significantly inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum mycelium with an inhibition rate of 70.07%. The inoculation of NQ8GⅡ4 strain with soil mixing method can significantly reduce the occurrence of Chinese wolfberry root rot in greenhouse，with 76.38% effectiveness，which is comparable to that of chemical carbendazim. Compared with the blank control，the agronomic traits of L. barbarum such as plant height，number of side branches，leaf width，stem diameter and root length increased by 37.61%，90.56%，52.50%，32.35% and 44.69% respectively after inoculation with NQ8GⅡ4 strain，which could significantly promote the growth of L. barbarum. Under F. oxysporum stress，leaf POD，SOD，PAL and CAT increased by 33.92%，65.64%，57.96% and 41.59%，respectively，while MDA content decreased significantly by 44.23% 21 days after inoculation with NQ8GⅡ4 compared to the control without NQ8GⅡ4. Inoculation of strain NQ8GⅡ4 promoted the growth of L. barbarum seedlings and stimulated the activity of defense enzymes in L. barbarum，and it stimulates the defense enzyme activity in L. barbarum and alleviates the membrane lipid peroxidation stress caused by F. oxysporum，thus improving the resistance of Chinese wolfberry root rot，which has good potential and application.

Key words: Chinese wolfberry, root rot, endophytic fungi, Fusarium nematophilum, biocontrol

贾淑鑫, 李金, 闫思远, 郭苗苗, 王若彤, 顾沛雯. 嗜线虫镰刀菌NQ8GⅡ4对枸杞根腐病的防效及其机制研究[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(3): 631-642.

JIA Shuxin, LI Jin, YAN Siyuan, GUO Miaomiao, WANG Ruotong, GU Peiwen. Analysis of the Control Effect of Biocontrol Fungus Strain Fusarium nematophilum NQ8GⅡ4 on Chinese Wolfberry Root Rot and Its Resistance Induction Mechanism[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(3): 631-642.

图/表 7

图1 NQ8GⅡ4菌株对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用 A：尖孢镰刀菌；B：NQ8GⅡ4 + 尖孢镰刀菌；C、D：预先3 d接种NQ8GⅡ4 + 尖孢镰刀菌。

Fig. 1 Inhibitory effect of strain NQ8GⅡ4 on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum A：F. oxysporum；B：NQ8GⅡ4 + F. oxysporum；C，D：NQ8GⅡ4，3 d + F. oxysporum.

表1 NQ8GⅡ4菌株对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用

Table 1 Inhibitory effect of NQ8GⅡ4 on mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum

接种处理 Inoculate treatment	菌落半径/cm Colony radius	抑制率/% Inhibition rate
尖孢镰刀菌F. oxysporum	4.41 ± 0.00 a	0 c
NQ8GⅡ4菌株 + 尖孢镰刀菌 NQ8GⅡ4 + F. oxysporum	1.61 ± 0.01 b	63.48 ± 0.57 b
预先3 d接种NQ8GⅡ4 + 尖孢镰刀菌 NQ8GⅡ4，3 d + F. oxysporum	1.32 ± 0.02 b	70.07 ± 0.58 a

图2 NQ8GⅡ4菌株对接种的枸杞苗根腐病的生防试验不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）。

Fig. 2 Potting efficacy of NQ8GⅡ4 strain against Chinese wolfberry root rot inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at 0.05 level.

图3 NQ8GⅡ4菌株对接种尖孢镰刀菌的枸杞根部发育的影响

Fig. 3 Effect of NQ8GⅡ4 strain on root development of Chinese wolfberry inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum

表2 NQ8GⅡ4菌株对接种尖孢镰刀菌的枸杞农艺性状的影响

Table 2 The effect of strain NQ8GⅡ4 on the growth indexes of Chinese wolfberry with Fusarium oxysporum

接种处理 Inoculate treatment	株高/cm Plant height	侧枝数 Number of side branches	叶宽/cm Leaf width	茎粗/cm Stem diameter	根长/cm Root length
对照Control	57.00 ± 14.89 b	2.33 ± 0.33 b	0.80 ± 1.13 b	0.34 ± 0.04 bc	14.23 ± 2.40 b
NQ8GⅡ4	78.44 ± 2.32 a	4.44 ± 0.41 a	1.22 ± 0.26 a	0.45 ± 0.02 a	20.59 ± 4.05 a
尖孢镰刀菌F. oxysporum	43.16 ± 17.62 c	2.26 ± 0.34 b	0.66 ± 1.18 b	0.37 ± 0.05 b	11.92 ± 2.79 b
NQ8GⅡ4 + 尖孢镰刀菌NQ8GⅡ4 + F. oxysporum	77.87 ± 3.29 a	4.00 ± 0.24 a	1.14 ± 1.20 a	0.41 ± 0.05 ab	18.03 ± 3.97 a

图4 NQ8GⅡ4对接种尖孢镰刀菌的枸杞防御酶活性和MDA含量的影响不同小写字母表示各处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）。

Fig. 4 Effect of NQ8GⅡ4 on defence enzyme activity and MDA content of Chinese wolfberry inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at 0.05 level.

图5 枸杞叶片组织化学染色 A：DAB染色（H2O2）；B：NBT染色（超氧阴离子）；C：希夫试剂染色（膜质过氧化）；D：台盼蓝染色（细胞程序性死亡）。

Fig. 5 Histochemical staining of Lycium barbarum leaves A：DAB staining；B：NBT staining；C：Schiff staining；D：Trypan blue staining.

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