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园艺学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 2931-2942.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0967

• 栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

‘富士’苹果果实品质与环境因子的关系

王森, 何平, 王海波, 常源升, 何晓文, 郑文燕, 王永旭, 李林光*()   

  1. 山东省果树研究所, 山东泰安 271000
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-28 修回日期:2025-10-17 出版日期:2025-11-26 发布日期:2025-11-26
  • 通讯作者:
    * E-mail:
  • 基金资助:
    山东省重点研发计划(农业良种工程)项目(2023LZGCQY009); 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助(CARS-27)

Relationship Between Fruit Quality of‘Fuji’Apple and Environmental Factors

WANG Sen, HE Ping, WANG Haibo, CHANG Yuansheng, HE Xiaowen, ZHENG Wenyan, Wang Yongxu, LI Linguang*()   

  1. Shandong Institute of PomologyTai’an, Shandong 271000, China
  • Received:2025-08-28 Revised:2025-10-17 Published:2025-11-26 Online:2025-11-26

摘要: 以山东省14个县市87个富士苹果园为研究对象,在2019—2021年,调查分析了果园土壤理化性质、当年气候和果实品质,比较各县市环境因素与果实品质的差异,应用相关性分析和冗余分析筛选影响果实品质的主要环境因子。结果表明,各县市果园平均单果质量262.22 g,大于250 g的果园占60%以上,低于200 g的不足5%;果实硬度主要集中在6.5 ~ 7.5 kg · cm-2之间;可溶性固形物含量平均值为14.45%,且变异系数较小;文登镇的可滴定酸含量最高(0.32%),其余地区在0.30%以下;蒙阴镇的固酸比最高,比文登镇(最低)高69.71%,其余地区固酸比无显著差异。果园土壤平均pH 5.64,整体偏酸性;不同果园养分含量差异较大,尤其是有机质、有效磷和有效钾,变异系数在50%以上。相关性分析表明,土壤pH与除可滴定酸以外的果实品质指标均呈负相关;土壤有机质与可溶性固形物、固酸比、蔗糖和甜度值显著正相关,与可滴定酸呈显著负相关;土壤全氮、有效磷、有效钾与固酸比、可溶性固形物等果实风味物质负相关;平均温度和平均温差与可滴定酸显著负相关,与固酸比显著正相关。冗余分析表明,土壤有机质含量、有效磷含量、pH以及平均温差是影响果实品质的关键因素。

关键词: 苹果, 果实品质, 环境因子, 相关性

Abstract:

This study analyzed soil properties,climate conditions,and fruit quality of 87 Fuji apple orchards across 14 counties in Shandong Province from 2019 to 2021,and the differences between environmental factors and fruit quality were compared among counties. Correlation analysis and redundancy analysis(RDA)were used to screen the main environmental factors affecting fruit quality. The results showed that the average single fruit weight was 262.22 g,more than 60% of the orchards had single fruit weight above 250 g and less than 5% of the orchards had single fruit weight below 200 g. The fruit hardness was concentrated in the range from 6.5 to 7.5 kg · cm-2. Fruit firmness mainly ranged between 6.5-7.5 kg · cm-2. The average soluble solids content across counties was 14.45%,showing low variation. The content of titrable acid in Wendeng was the highest(0.32%),while the content in other areas was below 0.30%. Mengyin solid acid ratio was the highest,69.71% higher than the lowest Wenden,with nosignificant differences among other regions. The average pH of the orchard soil was 5.64,indicating an overall acidic nature. There were significant variations in nutrient content across different orchards,particularly in organic matter,available phosphorus,and available potassium,with coefficients of variation exceeding 50%. Correlation analysis showed that soil pH was negatively correlated with fruit quality indexes except titrable acid. Soil organic matter was positively correlated with solid-acid ratio,sucrose and sweetness value,and negatively correlated with titrable acid. Total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium negatively affected flavor components like sugar-acid ratio and soluble solids. Both average temperature and average temperature difference were significantly correlated with titrable acid and sugar-acid ratio. The results of RDA analysis showed that organic matter content,available P content,mean temperature difference and pH were the key factors affecting fruit quality.

Key words: apple, fruit quality, environmental factors, correlation