葡萄园土壤因子与果实品质的关联及品种响应差异分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0906

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以南京地区5个葡萄园中的5个主栽品种（‘夏黑’‘巨玫瑰’‘金手指’‘阳光玫瑰’‘醉金香’）为试验材料，系统探究土壤理化性质与果实品质指标之间的关系，明确影响品质的关键土壤因子，以期为优质葡萄生产提供理论依据。通过对土壤理化指标和果实品质性状的综合分析，结合主成分方法对不同品种的果实品质进行评价。结果表明，土壤矿质养分（碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾）、交换性钙、交换性镁含量以及孔隙结构是影响葡萄品质的关键因子。果实花色苷含量和固酸比的变异程度较大（变异系数最高达78.61%），易受土壤环境的影响；果形指数和色泽指数相对稳定。不同品种对土壤环境的响应存在显著差异：‘夏黑’适应性较强，在各果园中均表现较优的综合品质；‘金手指’的整体品质较差；‘巨玫瑰’‘阳光玫瑰’和‘醉金香’的品质则高度依赖特定的土壤环境（孔隙结构、酶活性等）。主成分分析进一步表明，土壤肥力结构与营养状况共同调控葡萄果实品质的形成方向。综上，葡萄果实品质的形成取决于品种遗传特性与土壤环境因子之间的互作效应。基于此，建议在生产中推行品种与土壤的适配策略，实施精准施肥与土壤管理，以提升果实品质与种植效益。

关键词: 葡萄, 果实品质, 土壤理化性质, 主成分分析, 相关性分析

Abstract:

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and fruit quality indicators of five main grape cultivars（‘Summer Black’‘Jumeigui’‘Gold Finger’‘Shine Muscat’‘Zuijinxiang’）grown in five vineyards of Nanjing. The aim was to identify key soil factors influencing fruit quality and to provide a theoretical basis for high-quality grape production. Comprehensive analysis of soil properties and fruit quality traits was performed，followed by principal component analysis（PCA）to evaluate the comprehensive quality of different cultivars. The results indicated that soil mineral nutrients（available nitrogen，available phosphorus，available potassium），exchangeable calcium，exchangeable magnesium，and soil porosity were key factors affecting grape quality. Among the fruit quality indicators，anthocyanin content and soluble solid-to-acid ratio exhibited considerable variation（with coefficient of variation up to 78.61%），indicating high sensitivity to soil conditions. In contrast，fruit shape index and color parameters remained relatively stable. Significant cultivar-dependent responses to soil environment were observed：‘Summer Black’showed strong adaptability and consistently exhibited superior comprehensive quality across all orchards；‘Gold Finger’performed poorly overall；while the quality of‘Jumeigui’‘Shine Muscat’and‘Zuijinxiang’was highly dependent on specific orchard soil conditions（porosity，enzyme activity，etc）. PCA further revealed that soil fertility structure and nutrient status jointly regulated grape quality formation. In conclusion，grape fruit quality is determined by the interaction between genetic characteristics and soil environmental factors. Accordingly，it is recommended to implement cultivar-soil matching strategies along with precise fertilization and soil management practices to improve fruit quality and planting efficiency.

Key words: grape, fruit quality, soil physicochemical property, principal component analysis, correlation analysis

郭紫嫣, 唐雯, 徐梦雨, 吕锦涵, 房经贵, 王江波, 卢素文. 葡萄园土壤因子与果实品质的关联及品种响应差异分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(11): 2943-2958.

GUO Ziyan, TANG Wen, XU Mengyu, LÜ Jinhan, FANG Jinggui, WANG Jiangbo, LU Suwen. Association Between Vineyard Soil Factors and Fruit Quality：An Analysis of Cultivar Response Differences[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(11): 2943-2958.

图/表 8

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葡萄园 Vineyard	pH		含水量/% Water content （WC）	容重/（g · cm^-3） Bulk density （BD）	总孔隙度/% Total porosity （STP）	毛管孔隙度/% Capillary porosity （SCP）	非毛管孔隙/% Non-capillary porosity（NSCP）
G1	6.05 ± 0.06 a		27.85 ± 0.07 a	1.09 ± 0.01 b	46.08 ± 0.05 c	37.22 ± 0.03 d	8.85 ± 0.05 c
G2	4.04 ± 0.03 e		26.58 ± 0.19 b	1.20 ± 0.02 a	45.64 ± 0.06 d	38.57 ± 0.02 c	7.07 ± 0.08 e
G3	4.26 ± 0.08 d		21.94 ± 1.02 c	1.20 ± 0.01 a	50.64 ± 0.17 b	41.03 ± 0.24 b	9.61 ± 0.08 b
G4	5.19 ± 0.05 c		20.27 ± 0.24 d	1.18 ± 0.01 a	43.15 ± 0.18 e	35.00 ± 0.12 e	8.15 ± 0.09 d
G5	5.77 ± 0.05 b		25.52 ± 0.59 b	0.98 ± 0.04 c	55.00 ± 0.04 a	41.44 ± 0.05 a	13.56 ± 0.07 a
葡萄园 Vineyard		碱解氮/ （mg · kg^-1） Alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen（HN）	速效磷/ （mg · kg^-1） Available phosphorus（AP）	速效钾（mg · kg^-1） Available potassium（AK）	交换性钙/ （cmol · kg^-1） Exchangeable calcium（Ca）	交换性镁/ （cmol · kg^-1） Exchange magnesium（Mg）	过氧化氢/ （mg · g^-1· min^-1） Catalase （CAT）	蔗糖酶/ （mg · g^-1· d^-1） Sucrase （SU）
G1		84.98 ± 1.93 c	86.85 ± 2.61 bc	65.71 ± 11.90 c	197.67 ± 20.71 a	219.11 ± 22.97 a	0.22 ± 0.08 a	77.32 ± 6.27 a
G2		163.86 ± 7.40 a	126.32 ± 16.11 a	104.05 ± 7.50 a	176.46 ± 8.22 ab	118.73 ± 17.97 bc	0.09 ± 0.03 bc	59.31 ± 6.00 bc
G3		78.64 ± 2.44 c	80.62 ± 11.05 c	64.39 ± 6.58 c	154.98 ± 17.23 bc	110.72 ± 14.24 c	0.05 ± 0.02 c	49.95 ± 4.31 cd
G4		53.98 ± 2.54 d	76.98 ± 6.68 c	62.50 ± 4.38 c	134.87 ± 9.84 c	154.20 ± 17.02 b	0.19 ± 0.05 bc	41.45 ± 4.70 d
G5		125.36 ± 8.95 b	102.87 ± 8.29 b	81.74 ± 7.27 b	203.78 ± 15.22 a	223.22 ± 20.87 a	0.17 ± 0.07 ab	68.67 ± 8.67 ab

葡萄园 Vineyard	pH		含水量/% Water content （WC）	容重/（g · cm^-3） Bulk density （BD）	总孔隙度/% Total porosity （STP）	毛管孔隙度/% Capillary porosity （SCP）	非毛管孔隙/% Non-capillary porosity（NSCP）
G1	6.05 ± 0.06 a		27.85 ± 0.07 a	1.09 ± 0.01 b	46.08 ± 0.05 c	37.22 ± 0.03 d	8.85 ± 0.05 c
G2	4.04 ± 0.03 e		26.58 ± 0.19 b	1.20 ± 0.02 a	45.64 ± 0.06 d	38.57 ± 0.02 c	7.07 ± 0.08 e
G3	4.26 ± 0.08 d		21.94 ± 1.02 c	1.20 ± 0.01 a	50.64 ± 0.17 b	41.03 ± 0.24 b	9.61 ± 0.08 b
G4	5.19 ± 0.05 c		20.27 ± 0.24 d	1.18 ± 0.01 a	43.15 ± 0.18 e	35.00 ± 0.12 e	8.15 ± 0.09 d
G5	5.77 ± 0.05 b		25.52 ± 0.59 b	0.98 ± 0.04 c	55.00 ± 0.04 a	41.44 ± 0.05 a	13.56 ± 0.07 a
葡萄园 Vineyard		碱解氮/ （mg · kg^-1） Alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen（HN）	速效磷/ （mg · kg^-1） Available phosphorus（AP）	速效钾（mg · kg^-1） Available potassium（AK）	交换性钙/ （cmol · kg^-1） Exchangeable calcium（Ca）	交换性镁/ （cmol · kg^-1） Exchange magnesium（Mg）	过氧化氢/ （mg · g^-1· min^-1） Catalase （CAT）	蔗糖酶/ （mg · g^-1· d^-1） Sucrase （SU）
G1		84.98 ± 1.93 c	86.85 ± 2.61 bc	65.71 ± 11.90 c	197.67 ± 20.71 a	219.11 ± 22.97 a	0.22 ± 0.08 a	77.32 ± 6.27 a
G2		163.86 ± 7.40 a	126.32 ± 16.11 a	104.05 ± 7.50 a	176.46 ± 8.22 ab	118.73 ± 17.97 bc	0.09 ± 0.03 bc	59.31 ± 6.00 bc
G3		78.64 ± 2.44 c	80.62 ± 11.05 c	64.39 ± 6.58 c	154.98 ± 17.23 bc	110.72 ± 14.24 c	0.05 ± 0.02 c	49.95 ± 4.31 cd
G4		53.98 ± 2.54 d	76.98 ± 6.68 c	62.50 ± 4.38 c	134.87 ± 9.84 c	154.20 ± 17.02 b	0.19 ± 0.05 bc	41.45 ± 4.70 d
G5		125.36 ± 8.95 b	102.87 ± 8.29 b	81.74 ± 7.27 b	203.78 ± 15.22 a	223.22 ± 20.87 a	0.17 ± 0.07 ab	68.67 ± 8.67 ab

品种 Cultivar	项目 Item	单粒质量/g Single-fruit weight	果形指数 Fruit shape index	色泽指数 CIRG	硬度 Hardness	可溶性固形物/% Soluble solids	可滴定酸/% Titratable acid	固酸比 Soluble solids to acidity ratio	总花色苷/ （mg · L^-1） Anthocyanin
夏黑 Summer Black	平均值Mean	8.08	1.05	5.79	11.99	16.8	0.69	24.63	27.09
	标准偏差STD	0.81	0.06	0.40	1.13	1.50	0.02	1.84	12.86
	CV/%	10.00	6.01	6.99	9.38	8.94	3.19	7.48	47.46
巨玫瑰 Jumeigui	平均值Mean	8.39	1.12	5.58	12.52	16.80	0.77	22.69	6.57
	标准偏差STD	0.75	0.09	0.28	2.42	1.76	0.20	3.79	1.97
	CV/%	8.93	7.81	4.97	19.34	10.48	25.50	16.70	29.96
金手指 Golden Finger	平均值Mean	5.71	1.86	4.55	7.74	17.04	0.97	18.88	0.20
	标准偏差STD	1.46	0.08	0.10	1.36	2.18	0.31	5.46	0.11
	CV/%	25.59	4.10	2.18	17.52	12.82	31.98	28.93	56.85
阳光玫瑰 Shine Muscat	平均值Mean	8.97	1.15	3.51	13.46	16.16	0.76	23.36	0.30
	标准偏差STD	2.00	0.04	0.22	2.75	0.74	0.22	8.15	0.22
	CV/%	22.31	3.72	6.19	20.46	4.60	29.53	34.88	73.72
醉金香 Zuijinxiang	平均值Mean	11.51	1.19	4.08	11.57	16.90	0.76	22.60	0.17
	标准偏差STD	1.84	0.13	0.45	1.08	1.25	0.12	3.70	0.13
	CV/%	15.98	11.06	11.15	9.36	7.43	16.02	16.38	78.61

品种 Cultivar	项目 Item	单粒质量/g Single-fruit weight	果形指数 Fruit shape index	色泽指数 CIRG	硬度 Hardness	可溶性固形物/% Soluble solids	可滴定酸/% Titratable acid	固酸比 Soluble solids to acidity ratio	总花色苷/ （mg · L^-1） Anthocyanin
夏黑 Summer Black	平均值Mean	8.08	1.05	5.79	11.99	16.8	0.69	24.63	27.09
	标准偏差STD	0.81	0.06	0.40	1.13	1.50	0.02	1.84	12.86
	CV/%	10.00	6.01	6.99	9.38	8.94	3.19	7.48	47.46
巨玫瑰 Jumeigui	平均值Mean	8.39	1.12	5.58	12.52	16.80	0.77	22.69	6.57
	标准偏差STD	0.75	0.09	0.28	2.42	1.76	0.20	3.79	1.97
	CV/%	8.93	7.81	4.97	19.34	10.48	25.50	16.70	29.96
金手指 Golden Finger	平均值Mean	5.71	1.86	4.55	7.74	17.04	0.97	18.88	0.20
	标准偏差STD	1.46	0.08	0.10	1.36	2.18	0.31	5.46	0.11
	CV/%	25.59	4.10	2.18	17.52	12.82	31.98	28.93	56.85
阳光玫瑰 Shine Muscat	平均值Mean	8.97	1.15	3.51	13.46	16.16	0.76	23.36	0.30
	标准偏差STD	2.00	0.04	0.22	2.75	0.74	0.22	8.15	0.22
	CV/%	22.31	3.72	6.19	20.46	4.60	29.53	34.88	73.72
醉金香 Zuijinxiang	平均值Mean	11.51	1.19	4.08	11.57	16.90	0.76	22.60	0.17
	标准偏差STD	1.84	0.13	0.45	1.08	1.25	0.12	3.70	0.13
	CV/%	15.98	11.06	11.15	9.36	7.43	16.02	16.38	78.61

品种 Cultivar	葡萄园 Vineyard	因子得分Factor score		F（综合得分 Comprehensive score）	排序 Rank
品种 Cultivar	葡萄园 Vineyard	F₁	F₂	F（综合得分 Comprehensive score）	排序 Rank
夏黑 Summer Black	G1	1.4648	1.6374	1.53	3
	G2	2.3778	2.1656	2.30	1
	G3	0.9097	0.4712	0.74	5
	G4	1.7062	1.8100	1.75	2
	G5	1.3398	1.0898	1.24	4
巨玫瑰 Jumeigui	G1	-0.3966	-0.0090	-0.25	5
	G2	0.6406	0.7490	0.68	3
	G3	1.2400	0.0126	0.76	1
	G4	0.9286	0.4511	0.74	2
	G5	0.4409	0.6632	0.53	4
金手指 Golden Finger	G1	-1.6628	1.2067	-0.55	1
	G2	-4.3861	0.2182	-2.60	5
	G3	-2.8149	0.7743	-1.42	4
	G4	-1.8870	1.1877	-0.70	3
	G5	-1.8076	1.3846	-0.57	2
阳光玫瑰 Shine-Muscat	G1	-1.6057	-0.6186	-1.22	5
	G2	-0.3457	-1.5672	-0.82	4
	G3	2.1499	-1.5186	0.73	1
	G4	-0.0639	-1.5952	-0.66	3
	G5	0.8448	-1.9351	-0.23	2
醉金香 Zuijinxiang	G1	-0.2687	-0.9812	-0.55	3
	G2	0.9889	-0.4526	0.43	1
	G3	0.8693	-1.8662	-0.19	2
	G4	-0.6899	-1.5002	-1.00	5
	G5	0.0274	-1.7774	-0.67	4