外源谷胱甘肽对高温胁迫下叶用莴苣光合特性的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0876

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以叶用莴苣‘玻璃生菜’为试材，分析不同温度和不同浓度外源谷胱甘肽（glutathione，GSH）对叶片气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数和光合相关基因表达量的影响，探究高温胁迫下外源GSH对叶用莴苣光合特性的影响。结果表明，高温胁迫（36 ℃/30 ℃）显著降低生长量、光合速率（P_n）、最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）、实际光化学效率（Φ_PSII）、叶片色素含量，显著提升非光化学猝灭系数（Φ_NPQ）、可溶性蛋白质和游离氨基酸含量，即高温胁迫显著抑制生长，降低叶片光合效率和光合电子传递链性能。高温胁迫下，叶面施用0.5和1.0 mmol · L^-1 GSH均显著增加全株鲜质量、P_n、Φ_PSII，显著上调叶片PSⅡ反应中心蛋白关键基因psbA、psbB、psbD、psbH、psbK、psbN的表达量，且0.5 mmol · L^-1 GSH处理还显著提高叶片色素和可溶性糖含量。可见外源GSH能有效缓解高温胁迫对叶用莴苣光合特性带来的不良影响。

关键词: 莴苣, 叶用莴苣, 高温胁迫, 谷胱甘肽, 光合特性, 叶绿素荧光参数, 基因表达

Abstract:

Using leaf lettuce‘Glass lettuce’as the test material，this study analyzes the effects of different temperatures and different concentrations of exogenous glutathione（GSH）on leaf gas exchange parameters，chlorophyll fluorescence parameters，and expression levels of photosynthesis-related genes，investigating the impact of exogenous GSH on the photosynthetic characteristics of leaf lettuce under high-temperature stress. The results showed that high temperature stress（36 ℃/30 ℃）significantly reduced growth，photosynthetic rate（P_n），maximum photochemical efficiency（F_v/F_m），actual photochemical efficiency（Φ_PSII），and leaf pigment content，but significantly increased the non-photochemical quenching coefficient（Φ_NPQ），soluble protein content，and free amino acid content. That is high temperature stress significantly inhibited lettuce growth and reduced leaf photosynthetic efficiency and photosynthetic electron transport chain performance. However，under high temperature stress，foliar application of 0.5 and 1 mmol· L^-1 GSH treatments significantly increased the whole-plant fresh weight，P_n，and Φ_PSII of lettuce，significantly upregulated the expression levels of key genes（psbA，psbB，psbD，psbH，psbK，psbN）encoding PSⅡ reaction center proteins in lettuce leaves. Additionally，the 0.5 mmol · L^-1 GSH treatment significantly increased leaf pigment content and soluble sugar content. Therefore，applying exogenous GSH can effectively alleviate the adverse effects of high temperature stress on the photosynthetic characteristics of lettuce.

Key words: lettuce, leaf lettuce, high temperature stress, glutathione, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, gene expression

周小林, 林俊轩, 李彩霞, 孙美华, 白龙强, 侯雷平, 苗妍秀. 外源谷胱甘肽对高温胁迫下叶用莴苣光合特性的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(10): 2761-2773.

ZHOU Xiaolin, LIN Junxuan, LI Caixia, SUN Meihua, BAI Longqiang, HOU Leiping, MIAO Yanxiu. Effects of Exogenous Glutathione on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Leaf Lettuce Under High Temperature Stress[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(10): 2761-2773.

图/表 9

表1 莴苣叶片PSⅡ反应中心蛋白基因的引物序列

Table 1 Primer sequences of genes coding PSⅡ reaction center protein in lettuce leaves

基因名 Gene	引物序列（5′-3′） Primer Sequence
Actin	F：GTGAGTGAAGAAGGGCAATG；R：CACTTTCAACCCGATTCACC
psbA	F：GCGAAAGCGAAAGCCTATGGG；R：ATACAGAAGTTGCGGTCAATAAGGTAG
psbB	F：GTGCCCGAACCTTGTTTAGAGATG；R：TCAGCCTATTTGTCTTCTTGTAGTTGG
psbD	F：AGTTTCTACTCCTGCGAATAGTTTAGC；R：CCACAGACCGCCTAATTGACAC
psbH	F：TGGTCCAAGACGAACTACTGTAGG；R：GAGCCATTGCGACACCCATC
psbK	F：ATCTGTCTTAATTCTGCCCTTTATCCG；R：ATGACTGGCATAACATCTACGATTGG
psbN	F：AGCAACCCTAGTCGCTATCTTTATATC；R：CGTGTTCCTCGAATGGATCTCTTAG

图1 高温胁迫下外施GSH后叶用莴苣的生长状态

Fig. 1 Leaf lettuce growth under exogenous GSH and high temperature stress

表2 外源GSH对高温胁迫下叶用莴苣生长指标的影响

Table 2 Effect of exogenous GSH on leaf lettuce growth indexes under high temperature stress

	昼夜温度/℃ Temperature of day/night	GSH/（mmol · L^-1）	叶片数 Leaf number	叶面积/cm² Lef area	鲜质量/g Fresh weight	干质量/g Dry weight
	22/16	0	12.50 ± 0.29 c	277.72 ± 19.44 ab	19.39 ± 0.56 b	1.57 ± 0.06 b
	22/16	0.5	14.75 ± 0.48 a	324.96 ± 19.66 a	24.91 ± 3.33 a	2.02 ± 0.22 a
	22/16	1.0	14.00 ± 0.41 ab	291.39 ± 16.90 ab	23.86 ± 1.20 ab	1.78 ± 0.12 ab
	36/30	0	10.25 ± 0.48 d	229.83 ± 17.85 b	7.77 ± 0.47 d	1.11 ± 0.05 c
	36/30	0.5	14.00 ± 0.41 ab	316.27 ± 18.50 a	13.28 ± 0.81 c	1.60 ± 0.10 b
	36/30	1.0	13.00 ± 0.41 bc	271.71 ± 22.70 ab	12.76 ± 1.51 c	1.48 ± 0.07 b
L			**	ns	***	***
N			***	**	**	**
L × N			ns	ns	ns	ns

图2 外源GSH对高温胁迫下叶用莴苣叶片气体交换参数不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）。L：温度；N：GSH浓度；L × N：温度和GSH浓度的互作效应。*P < 0.05，**P < 0.01，***P < 0.001；ns：差异不显著。下同

Fig. 2 Gas exchange parameters of exogenous GSH on leaf lettuce leaves under high temperature stress Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at 0.05 level. L：Temperature；N：GSH concentration；L × N：Interaction between temperature and GSH concentration. * P < 0.05，**P < 0.01，***P < 0.001；ns：not significant. The same below

图3 高温胁迫下添加外源GSH的叶用莴苣叶片叶绿素荧光图像

Fig. 3 Chlorophyll fluorescence image of leaf lettuce leaves with exogenous GSH under high temperature stress

图4 外源GSH对高温胁迫下叶用莴苣叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响

Fig. 4 Effect of exogenous GSH on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaf lettuce leaves under high temperature stress

图5 外源GSH对高温胁迫下叶用莴苣叶片OJIP曲线（a）和JIP-test参数（b）的影响

Fig. 5 Effects of exogenous GSH on OJIP curve（a）and JIP-test parameters（b）of leaf lettuce leaves under high temperature stress

图6 外源GSH对高温胁迫下叶用莴苣叶片生理指标的影响

Fig. 6 Effect of exogenous GSH on physiological indexes of leaf lettuce leaves under high temperature stress

图7 外源GSH对高温胁迫下叶用莴苣叶片光系统Ⅱ反应中心蛋白基因转录水平的影响

Fig. 7 Effect of exogenous GSH on the transcription levels of photosystemⅡreaction center gene in leaf lettuce leaves under high temperature stress

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