干旱胁迫下大蒜幼苗的代谢组学分析

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0888

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用高效液相色谱串联质谱广泛靶向代谢组学的方法，通过主成分分析、正交偏最小二乘判别分析、聚类分析、富集分析、相关性分析等方法，测定并比较干旱胁迫和对照大蒜幼苗叶片的代谢物质成分。结果共检测出23类743种代谢物，其中313种上调，430种下调，差异代谢物134种，占总体代谢物的18.03%。上、下调差异代谢物质数量最多的为黄酮、苯丙素、黄酮醇、黄酮类、核苷酸及衍生物、氨基酸及衍生物、糖类、有机酸及衍生物等8类物质，主要富集在黄酮和黄烷酮的生物合成途径中，干旱胁迫后大蒜幼苗叶片黄酮差异代谢物数量较多且上调。对大蒜黄酮代谢途径进行分析，咖啡酸和麦黄酮O-丙二酰己糖苷的上调关联代谢物质最多，推测干旱胁迫下黄酮和苯丙素物质含量的增加会显著提高大蒜的抗旱性。

关键词: 大蒜, 干旱胁迫, 代谢组学, 黄酮, 苯丙素

Abstract:

Using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry extensively targeted metabolomics，garlic leaves metabolic components were detected and analyzed by principal component analysis，orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis，cluster analysis，enrichment analysis and correlation analysis. As a result，a total of 743 metabolites in 23 classes were identified，313 up-regulated and 430 down-regulated metabolites，with 134 differential metabolites，accounting for 18.03% of the overall metabolites. The highest number of up- and down-regulated differential metabolites were flavone，phenylpropanoids，flavonol，flavonoid，nucleotide and derivatives，amino acid and derivatives，carbohydrates，organic acid and derivatives，which were mainly enriched in the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. The number of different metabolites of flavonoids in the leaves of garlic sprout after drought stress was higher and up-regulated. The metabolic pathways of garlic flavonoids were analyzed，and caffeate acid and tricin O-malonylhexoside were the most up-regulated metabolites. It was speculated that the increase of flavone and phenylpropanoids under drought stress significantly improved the drought resistance of garlic.

Key words: garlic, drought stress, metabolomics, flavone, phenylpropanoids

田洁, 周倩怡, 铁原毓, 孙海宏, 黄思杰. 干旱胁迫下大蒜幼苗的代谢组学分析[J]. 园艺学报, 2024, 51(1): 133-144.

TIAN Jie, ZHOU Qianyi, TIE Yuanyu, SUN Haihong, and HUANG Sijie. Metabolomic Analysis of Garlic Seedling Under Drought Stress[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(1): 133-144.

图/表 8

表1 干旱胁迫下大蒜幼苗叶片中的代谢物数量

Table 1 Statistical table of metabolites in garlic sprout leaves under drought stress

代谢物种类 Metabolite species	总计 Sum	上调 Up	下调 Down	差异显著 Significant difference
黄酮Flavone	106	73	33	24
氨基酸及衍生物Amino acid and derivatives	97	30	67	20
有机酸及衍生物Organic acids and derivatives	85	30	55	10
脂质Lipids	70	20	50	4
核苷酸及衍生物Nucleotide and derivates	63	10	53	24
苯丙素Phenylpropanoids	59	38	21	7
生物碱Alkaloids	37	17	20	7
黄酮醇Flavonol	28	9	19	2
糖类Carbohydrates	20	4	16	14
维生素及衍生物Vitamins and derivatives	19	6	13	4
醇类Alcohols	17	10	7	2
花青素Anthocyanins	16	6	10	2
萜类Terpene	16	8	8	2
黄酮类Flavonoid	15	8	7	3
酚胺Phenolamides	15	6	9	2
黄烷酮Flavanone	13	5	8	1
吲哚及衍生物Indole derivatives	11	5	6	1
异黄酮Isoflavone	9	6	3	0
多酚Polyphenol	6	3	3	1
甾体Sterides	5	3	2	0
醌类Quinones	3	2	1	0
原花青素Proanthocyanidins	1	1	0	0
其他Others	32	13	19	4
总计Sum	743	313	430	134

图1 大蒜幼苗干旱胁迫和对照叶片样本及质控的PCA结果

Fig. 1 PCA results of two groups of sample and quality control

图2 干旱胁迫下大蒜幼苗叶片OPLS-DA得分图（A）和验证图（B）

Fig. 2 The score chart（A）and verification chart（B）of OPLS-DA of garlic leaves under drought stress

图3 干旱胁迫下大蒜幼苗叶片差异代谢物热图

Fig. 3 The heat map of differential metabolite of garlic leaves under drought stress

图4 干旱胁迫下大蒜幼苗叶片差异代谢物KEGG富集图

Fig. 4 Differential metabolite KEGG enrichment map of garlic leaves under drought stress

图5 干旱胁迫下大蒜幼苗叶片差异代谢物主成分分析

Fig. 5 Differential metabolite analysis based on PCA of garlic leaves under drought stress

图6 干旱胁迫下大蒜幼苗叶片中黄酮代谢途径解析图 * 表示不同处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）；**表示不同处理间差异极显著（P < 0.01）。

Fig. 6 Analytical diagram of flavonoid metabolism pathway of garlic leaves under drought stress * indicates significant difference among different treatments（P < 0.05）；** indicates highly significant difference among different treatments （P < 0.01）.

图7 干旱胁迫下大蒜幼苗叶片中黄酮代谢相关性网络图

Fig. 7 Correlation network map of flavonoid metabolism pathway of garlic leaves under drought stress

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