日光温室黄瓜有机物料种植板栽培中有机物料腐解及根区和叶片养分含量的变化

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0728

园艺学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 439-452.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0728

日光温室黄瓜有机物料种植板栽培中有机物料腐解及根区和叶片养分含量的变化

毛欣¹^,^*, 元文飞¹^,^*, 郭雨润¹, 徐欣欣¹, 李艺¹, 张毅¹, 苗妍秀¹, 白龙强¹^,^**(), 李衍素²^,^**()

¹ 山西农业大学园艺学院，山西太谷 030801
² 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所，蔬菜生物育种全国重点实验室，北京 100081

收稿日期:2024-09-18 修回日期:2024-12-03 出版日期:2025-02-25 发布日期:2025-02-23
通讯作者:
^**E-mail：bailongqiang01@163.com，
liyansug@caas.cn
作者简介:
^*共同第一作者
基金资助:
山西省重点研发计划项目(202102140601013); 山西省重点研发计划项目(202302010101003); 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助(CARS-23-B05); 山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXYBKY2018028); 山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2018YJ04)

Analysis of the Decomposition of Organic Materials and Nutrients Contents in Root Zone and Leaves of Cucumber Under Organic Substrate Planting Board Cultivation in Solar Greenhouse

MAO Xin¹, YUAN Wenfei¹, GUO Yurun¹, XU Xinxin¹, LI Yi¹, ZHANG Yi¹, MIAO Yanxiu¹, BAI Longqiang¹^,^**(), LI Yansu²^,^**()

¹ College of Horticulture，Shanxi Agricultural University，Taigu，Shanxi 030801，China
² State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding，Institute of Vegetables and Flowers，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Beijing 100081，China

Received:2024-09-18 Revised:2024-12-03 Published:2025-02-25 Online:2025-02-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

有机物料种植板（organic substrate planting board）栽培可实现设施蔬菜有机肥施用自动化作业。为了探究该栽培模式对有机物料腐解、养分释放和作物生长与养分吸收等的影响，以‘中农46号’黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）为试材，进行了有机物料种植板栽培和有机物料撒施后深翻起垄的常规土壤栽培对比试验。结果表明：有机物料种植板处理在0 ~ 30 d腐解较快，常规撒施深翻处理在0 ~ 60 d腐解较快，之后均变慢。30 d时有机物料种植板处理的有机物料腐解率较常规撒施深翻处理高3.7个百分点，但120 d时低7.8个百分点。两种施肥模式下有机物料的全N含量在试验期间迅速降低，而全P和全K含量变化较小。2021年秋冬茬试验，根区深度0 ~ 5 cm土层有机物料种植板处理的碱解氮含量，及根区0 ~ 5 cm和5 ~ 15 cm土层速效磷和速效钾含量均显著高于常规撒施深翻处理；有机物料种植板处理根区养分含量变异系数较常规撒施深翻处理高；2023年秋冬茬两处理根区碱解氮含量变化趋势与2021年基本一致，但速效磷含量和变异系数在两处理间差异不大。与常规撒施深翻处理相比，有机物料种植板处理黄瓜叶片全N、P和K含量在2021年秋冬茬未降低，而2023年秋冬茬120 d时全K含量降低了9.6%；光合速率（P_n）和地上部干物质量显著高升高；黄瓜产量在2021年秋冬茬无差异，2023年秋冬茬提高了10.9%。以上表明有机物料种植板栽培下的有机物料腐解率较常规撒施深翻栽培低，养分在根区表层集中分布，使得黄瓜对养分吸收较为充分，满足了黄瓜对养分的需求。

关键词: 黄瓜, 有机肥, 自动化作业, 成型有机物料种植板, 腐解, 养分, 光合, 产量

Abstract:

Organic substrate planting board cultivation is suitable for automated organic fertilizer application in solar greenhouse. In order to investigate the effects of organic substrate planting board cultivation on the decomposition characteristics and nutrient releasing patterns of organic materials，and nutrient absorption and growth of crop，‘Zhongnong 46’cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）was used as the experimental material，and conducted field experiment with organic substrate planting board cultivation and conventional soil cultivation．The results showed that the decomposition rate of organic materials was faster in the first 30 days under organic substrate planting board cultivation and in the first 60 days under conventional soil cultivation，then slowed down until the end of the experiment under both treatments in autumn-winter season in 2021. The decomposition rate of organic substrate planting board cultivation was 3.7 percentage points higher than that of conventional soil cultivation at 30th day，however，7.8 percentage points lower at 120th day. The total N content of organic materials declined rapidly, while total P and K varied little during the experiment. The contents of alkaline N at 0-5 cm layers and the contents of available P and K at 0-5 and 5-15 cm layer under organic substrate planting board cultivation treatment were higher than that of conventional soil cultivation in autumn-winter season in 2021. Besides, the coefficients of variation of nutrients in the root zone of organic substrate planting board cultivation were greater than that of conventional soil cultivation in 2021. In 2023，the variation tendencies of alkaline N contents in the root zone were same as that in 2021，while there was no difference between two treatments in the contents and coefficients of variation of available P. The contents of N，P and K in cucumber leaves of organic substrate planting board cultivation treatment were equal to or greater than that of conventional soil cultivation in 2021，however，K content was 9.6% lower at 120th day in 2023. Meanwhile，the net photosynthetic rate（P_n），dry weights of above ground of organic substrate planting board cultivation treatment were significantly higher than that of conventional soil cultivation in 2021 and 2023. The yields of organic substrate planting board cultivation treatment did not differ from that of conventional soil cultivation in 2021，and was 10.9% higher in 2023. It is concluded that，the organic substrate planting board cultivation can retard the decomposition of organic material，however cucumber absorbed more nutrients due to the superiority of concentrated distribution in the root zone.

Key words: cucumber, organic fertilizer, automatic operation, organic substrate planting board, decomposition, nutrients, photosynthesis, yield

毛欣, 元文飞, 郭雨润, 徐欣欣, 李艺, 张毅, 苗妍秀, 白龙强, 李衍素. 日光温室黄瓜有机物料种植板栽培中有机物料腐解及根区和叶片养分含量的变化[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(2): 439-452.

MAO Xin, YUAN Wenfei, GUO Yurun, XU Xinxin, LI Yi, ZHANG Yi, MIAO Yanxiu, BAI Longqiang, LI Yansu. Analysis of the Decomposition of Organic Materials and Nutrients Contents in Root Zone and Leaves of Cucumber Under Organic Substrate Planting Board Cultivation in Solar Greenhouse[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(2): 439-452.

图/表 15

表1 土壤和有机物料的理化性质

Table 1 Physical and chemical characteristics of soil and organic waste substrates

试验材料 Material	容重/（g · cm^-3） Bulk density	全氮含量/（g · kg^-1） Total N content	全磷含量/（g · kg^-1） Total P content	全钾/（g · kg^-1） Total K content
土壤 Soil	1.19	1.40	0.74	8.25
玉米秸秆 Maize straw	0.19	18.06	1.69	20.00
羊粪 Sheep manure	0.39	28.95	5.33	13.81
育苗基质 Seedling medium	0.29	4.93	0.95	0.59

图1 日光温室黄瓜有机物料种植板栽培（OSP）和常规撒施深翻起垄栽培（S）示意图

Fig. 1 Sketch map of organic substrate planting board（OSP）and conventional soil（S）cultivation of cucumber in solar greenhouse

图2 日光温室黄瓜有机物料种植板栽培（OSP）和常规撒施深翻栽培（S）中有机物料的累积腐解率使用t检验。*表示同一天两处理间存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。下同

Fig. 2 Cumulative decomposition rates of organic materials under organic substrate planting board（OSP）and conventional soil（S）cultivation of cucumber in solar greenhouse t-Test. * indicates significant difference（P < 0.05）between two treatments on the same day. The same below

图3 日光温室黄瓜有机物料种植板栽培（OSP）和常规撒施深翻栽培（S）中有机物料元素含量变化

Fig. 3 Changes of nutrients contents in the organic materials under organic substrate planting board（OSP）and conventional soil（S）cultivation of cucumber in solar greenhouse

图4 2021年秋冬茬日光温室黄瓜有机物料种植板栽培（OSP）和常规撒施深翻栽培（S）中根区土壤的碱解氮含量单因素方差分析，LSD法进行多重比较。不同小写字母表示差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同

Fig. 4 The contents of alkaline N in root zone of organic substrate planting board（OSP）and conventional soil（S）cultivation of cucumber in solar greenhouse in 2021 Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by LSD method test for multiple comparisons. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at 0.05 level. The same below

图5 2023年秋冬茬日光温室黄瓜有机物料种植板照片（OSP）和常规撒施深翻栽培（S）中根区土壤的碱解氮含量

Fig. 5 The contents of alkaline N in root zone of organic substrate planting board（OSP）and conventional soil（S）cultivation of cucumber in solar greenhouse in 2023

图6 2021年秋冬茬日光温室黄瓜有机物料种植板栽培（OSP）和常规撒施深翻栽培（S）中根区土壤的速效磷含量

Fig. 6 The contents of available P in root zone of organic substrate planting board（OSP）and conventional soil（S） cultivation of cucumber in solar greenhouse in 2021

图7 2023年秋冬茬日光温室黄瓜有机物料种植板栽培（OSP）和常规撒施深翻栽培（S）中根区土壤的速效磷含量

Fig. 7 The contents of available P in root zone of organic substrate planting board（OSP）and conventional soil（S） cultivation of cucumber in solar greenhouse in 2023

图8 2021年秋冬茬日光温室黄瓜有机物料种植板栽培（OSP）和常规撒施深翻栽培（S）中根区土壤的速效钾含量

Fig. 8 The contents of available K in root zone of organic substrate planting board（OSP）and conventional soil（S） cultivation of cucumber in solar greenhouse in 2021

图9 2023年秋冬茬日光温室黄瓜有机物料种植板栽培（OSP）和常规撒施栽培（S）中根区土壤的速效钾含量

Fig. 9 The contents of available K in root zone of organic substrate planting board（OSP）and conventional soil（S） cultivation of cucumber in solar greenhouse in 2023

图10 2021年秋冬茬日光温室黄瓜有机物料种植板栽培（OSP）和常规撒施栽培（S）中根区0 ~ 35 cm土层养分含量的变异系数（CV）

Fig. 10 Analysis of coefficient of varation（CV）of nutrients in 0-35 cm layer in the root zone of organic substrate planting board（OSP）and conventional soil（S）cultivation of cucumber in solar greenhouse in 2021

图11 2023年秋冬茬日光温室黄瓜有机物料种植板栽培（OSP）和常规撒施栽培（S）中根区0 ~ 35 cm土层养分含量的变异系数（CV）

Fig. 11 Analysis of coefficient of varation（CV）of nutrients in 0-35 cm layer in the root zone of organic substrate planting board（OSP）and conventional soil（S）cultivation of cucumber in solar greenhouse in 2023

图12 2021年秋冬茬日光温室黄瓜有机物料种植板栽培（OSP）和常规撒施深翻栽培（S）对叶片N、P、K含量的影响

Fig. 12 The elements content in cucumber leaves of organic substrate planting board（OSP）and conventional soil（S） cultivation in solar greenhouse in 2021

图13 2023年秋冬茬光温室黄瓜有机物料种植板栽培（OSP）和常规撒施深翻栽培（S）对叶片N、P、K含量的影响

Fig. 13 The elements content in cucumber leaves of organic substrate planting board（OSP）and conventional soil（S） cultivation in solar greenhouse in 2023

表2 日光温室黄瓜有机物料种植板栽培（OSP）和常规撒施深翻栽培（S）对叶片光合速率、植株生物量和产量的影响

Table 2 The effects of organic substrate planting board（OSP）cultivation and conventional soil（S）cultivation on the photosynthetic rate，biomass and yield of cucumber

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	净光合速率/（μmol · m^-2· s^-1） P_n			干物质量/（g · plant^-1）Dry weight			产量/（kg · m^-2） Yield
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	30 d	60 d	90 d	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	地上部 Above ground part	产量/（kg · m^-2） Yield
2021	常规撒施深翻 S	14.98 ± 2.58	10.20 ± 1.41	11.23 ± 1.75	28.84 ± 4.69	6.90 ± 0.65	35.19 ± 8.10	4.56 ± 0.73
2021	有机物料种植板 OSP	17.92 ± 1.73^*	15.80 ± 1.71^*	13.36 ± 3.36^*	38.16 ± 6.18^*	8.31 ± 0.92^*	46.34 ± 7.25^*	4.43 ± 0.18
2023	常规撒施深翻 S	15.01 ± 2.66	14.70 ± 2.11	12.72 ± 0.56	32.05 ± 5.54	14.24 ± 1.24	46.15 ± 6.77	5.69 ± 0.28
2023	有机物料种植板 OSP	16.70 ± 1.07	16.47 ± 1.26^*	14.60 ± 0.42^*	37.04 ± 2.39	14.44 ± 1.03	51.66 ± 2.24	6.31 ± 0.15^*

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日光温室黄瓜有机物料种植板栽培中有机物料腐解及根区和叶片养分含量的变化

Analysis of the Decomposition of Organic Materials and Nutrients Contents in Root Zone and Leaves of Cucumber Under Organic Substrate Planting Board Cultivation in Solar Greenhouse

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日光温室黄瓜有机物料种植板栽培中有机物料腐解及根区和叶片养分含量的变化

Analysis of the Decomposition of Organic Materials and Nutrients Contents in Root Zone and Leaves of Cucumber Under Organic Substrate Planting Board Cultivation in Solar Greenhouse

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