乙烯在杜鹃花耐热机制中的作用研究

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以2个杜鹃花品种‘胭脂蜜’和‘红月’为试验材料,分析了高温胁迫下杜鹃花乙烯释放速率的变化;通过叶面预喷施乙烯利和乙烯合成抑制剂（硝酸钴）溶液,分析预处理对杜鹃花在高温胁迫下的形态变化、叶片MDA、H₂O₂含量、超氧阴离子产生速率以及抗氧化酶（SOD、POD和CAT）活性等的影响。结果显示：高温胁迫下杜鹃花叶片乙烯合成关键酶ACS和ACO的活性增加,内源乙烯释放速率提高,并且耐热品种‘胭脂蜜’ACS和ACO酶活性和乙烯释放速率均高于热敏感品种‘红月’。100 μmol · L^-1乙烯利喷施预处理提高了高温胁迫下杜鹃花叶片SOD、POD和CAT酶活性,降低了‘红月’H₂O₂含量和超氧阴离子产生速率,减轻了过氧化损伤程度;1 000 μmol · L^-1硝酸钴预处理与100 μmol · L^-1乙烯利预处理作用相反。结果表明,乙烯在杜鹃花耐热适应性中发挥着重要作用,外源乙烯和乙烯合成抑制剂可以通过调控抗氧化系统影响杜鹃花耐热性。

关键词: 杜鹃花, 乙烯, 高温胁迫, 乙烯生物合成, 抗氧化体系

Abstract:

In order to elucidate the heat resistance mechanism of rhododendron seedlings induced by ethylene,in this study two Rhododendron cultivars,‘Yanzhimi’and‘Hongyue’,were used as experimental materials to analyze the effects of heat stress on the ethylene biosynthesis,and the changes of MDA,H₂O₂ content,the superoxide anion production rate and antioxidant enzyme（SOD,POD and CAT）activities in the leaves induced by spraying ethephon and ethylene synthesis inhibitor（cobalt nitrate）. The results showed that the enzyme activities of ACC synthase（ACS）and ACC oxidase（ACO）and endogenous ethylene release rate increased in the leaves under heat stress. In addition,the enzyme activities of ACO,ACS and ethylene release rate in the heat-resistant cultivar‘Yanzhimi’were higher than those in the heat-sensitive cultivar‘Hongyue’. 100 μmol · L^-1 ethephon increased the enzyme activities of SOD,POD and CAT in the leaves under heat stress,reduced H₂O₂ content,the superoxide anion production rate of‘Hongyue’and degree of lipid peroxidation indicated by MDA. The results of spraying 1 000 µmol · L^-1 cobalt nitrate were contrary to those of spraying 100 µmol · L^-1ethephon. These results indicated that ethylene played an important role in the heat tolerance of rhododendron seedlings,and exogenous ethylene and ethylene synthesis inhibitors could affect the heat resistance of rhododendron by regulating antioxidant system.

Key words: Rhododendron, ethylene, high temperature stress, ethylene biosynthesis, antioxidant systems

中图分类号:

S685.21

赵晖, 耿兴敏, 王露露, 许世达. 乙烯在杜鹃花耐热机制中的作用研究[J]. 园艺学报, 2022, 49(3): 561-570.

ZHAO Hui, GENG Xingmin, WANG Lulu, XU Shida. Research on the Effect of Ethylene in Heat Resistance Mechanism of Rhododendron[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(3): 561-570.

图/表 5

图1 ‘胭脂蜜’与‘红月’杜鹃花叶面喷施乙烯利（ETH）和硝酸钴（CN）预处理对高温胁迫（HS）下植株形态的影响

Fig. 1 Effects of foliar-spraying ethephon（ETH）and cobalt nitrate（CN）on morphological of Rhododendron ‘Yanzhimi’and‘Hongyue’under heat stress（HS）

图2 ‘胭脂蜜’与‘红月’杜鹃花叶面喷施乙烯利（ETH）和硝酸钴（CN）预处理对高温胁迫（HS）下热害指数的影响不同小写字母表示同一品种不同处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）;* 表示2个品种间差异显著（α = 0.05）,下同。

Fig. 2 Effects of foliar-spraying ethephon（ETH）and cobalt nitrate（CN）on the heat injury index of ‘Yanzhimi’and‘Hongyue’under heat stress（HS） Different lowercase letters indicate the significant difference among different treatments in one cultivar（P < 0.05）;* indicates the significant difference between the two cultivars（α = 0.05）. The same below.

图3 ‘胭脂蜜’和‘红月’杜鹃花高温胁迫后叶片乙烯释放速率和ACS、ACO活性变化

Fig. 3 Changes of ethylene release rate and activity of ACS and ACO in the leaves of Rhododendron‘Yanzhimi’ and‘Hongyue’under heat stress

表1 ‘胭脂蜜’和‘红月’杜鹃花叶面喷施乙烯利（ETH）和硝酸钴（CN）预处理对高温胁迫（HS）下叶片细胞膜透性、MDA含量和活性氧的影响

Table 1 Effects of foliar-spraying ethephon（ETH）and cobalt nitrate（CN）on cell membrane permeability,MDA content,and ROS in the leaves of Rhododendron‘Yanzhimi’and‘Hongyue’under heat stress（HS）

品种 Cultivar	处理/（μmol · L^-1） Treatment	细胞膜透性/% Permeability of cell membrane	MDA含量/ （μmol ^.g^-1） MDA content	超氧阴离子产生速率/ （μmol ^.g^-1.min^-1） Superoxide anion production rate	H₂O₂含量/ （μmol ^.g^-1） H₂O₂ content
胭脂蜜 Yanzhimi	对照Control	12.19 ± 2.37 c	11.28 ± 0.05 a	12.99 ± 0.08 c	3.18 ± 0.05 c^*
	HS	25.29 ± 1.89 b^*	11.94 ± 1.57 a^*	15.70 ± 0.08 b^*	3.29 ± 0.01 b^*
	100 ETH + HS	24.39 ± 2.62 b	10.69 ± 0.70 a	15.50 ± 0.27 b^*	3.25 ± 0.01 b^*
	1 000 CN + HS	54.71 ± 6.42 a	11.36 ± 0.87 a^*	16.29 ± 0.09 a^*	3.63 ± 0.18 a^*
红月 Hongyue	对照Control	15.48 ± 0.94 c	10.91 ± 0.02 c	12.97 ± 0.05 c	3.36 ± 0.08 b
	HS	54.68 ± 5.25 a	15.55 ± 0.65 b	17.52 ± 0.06 b	3.99 ± 0.05 a
	100 ETH + HS	29.32 ± 2.80 b	10.66 ± 0.10 c	12.59 ± 0.24 d	2.75 ± 0.02 c
	1 000 CN + HS	60.93 ± 1.62 a	16.65 ± 2.82 a	21.90 ± 1.68 a	3.96 ± 0.06 a

表2 ‘胭脂蜜’和‘红月’杜鹃花叶面喷施乙烯利（ETH）和硝酸钴（CN）预处理对高温胁迫（HS）后叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性的影响

Table 2 Effects of foliar-spraying ethephon（ETH）and cobalt nitrate（CN）on SOD,POD,CAT activity in the leaves of Rhododendron ‘Yanzhimi’and‘Hongyue’under heat stress（HS）

品种 Cultivar	处理/（μmol · L^-1） Treatment	SOD/（U ^.g^-1）	POD/（U ^.g^-1.min^-1）	CAT/（U ^.g^-1.min^-1）
胭脂蜜 Yanzhimi	对照Control	180.17 ± 5.76 c^*	43.31 ± 2.32 c	1.41 ± 0.35 b
	HS	457.11 ± 8.80 b^*	71.67 ± 0.83 b^*	2.31 ± 0.60 a
	100 ETH + HS	560.41 ± 7.04 a^*	79.18 ± 1.72 a^*	2.82 ± 0.15 a
	1 000 CN + HS	458.97 ± 6.27 b^*	73.22 ± 3.25 b^*	2.20 ± 0.05 a
红月 Hongyue	对照Control	209.93 ± 3.45 d	48.28 ± 3.94 d	1.48 ± 0.30 c
	HS	349.15 ± 9.30 b	68.92 ± 0.65 b	2.38 ± 1.31 b
	100 ETH + HS	601.17 ± 3.62 a	84.03 ± 2.11 a	2.97 ± 0.41 a
	1 000 CN + HS	326.06 ± 1.72 c	57.33 ± 4.93 c	1.95 ± 0.17 bc

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