老龄桃园土壤抑制平邑甜茶幼苗的生长

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在盆栽试验条件下研究了老龄桃园土对平邑甜茶幼苗生长的影响。设正茬土（桃园旁农田土，对照）、溴甲烷熏蒸老龄桃园土、老龄桃园土3个处理，测定了不同处理对平邑甜茶幼苗的生物量、根系结构参数、根系呼吸速率、根系保护酶活性、光合参数及土壤中微生物数量等指标的影响。结果表明：在老龄桃园土中，平邑甜茶幼苗的株高、地径、鲜质量、干质量均显著低于正茬土对照和溴甲烷熏蒸老龄桃园土，分别比正茬土对照减少了17.59%、13.51%、23.22%、28.61%，比溴甲烷熏蒸老龄桃园土减少了20.54%、17.29%、33.28%、39.21%；幼苗的根长、根表面积和根体积也分别比正茬土对照降低了37.57%、36.33%、46.63%，比溴甲烷熏蒸老龄桃园土降低了43.62%、48.67%、54.11%；平邑甜茶幼苗的根系呼吸速率、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性亦显著降低，分别比正茬土对照降低了28.21%、43.91%、44.46%、51.44%，比溴甲烷熏蒸老龄桃园土降低了36.88%、57.78%、54.88%、57.59%；同时幼苗的净光合速率（Pn）比正茬土对照和溴甲烷熏蒸老龄桃园土分别降低了40.75%和49.65%。老龄桃园土中真菌数量显著高于正茬土对照，为正茬土对照的1.91倍，细菌数量则显著低于正茬土对照，比正茬土对照减少了47.80%，细菌与真菌比值表现为：正茬土对照 > 溴甲烷熏蒸 > 老龄桃园土。综上，老龄桃园土壤直接栽植平邑甜茶苹果砧木不利于其生长，而经溴甲烷熏蒸处理后，老龄桃园土对平邑甜茶幼苗的伤害作用显著减轻。

关键词: 平邑甜茶, 老龄桃园, 土壤, 光合速率, 微生物, 保护酶活性

Abstract:

A pot experiment was conducted to study effects of aged peach orchard soil on the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings，and M. hupehensis Rehd. was used in this study. The biomass，root structure parameters，root respiration rate，root protection，photosynthetic parameters of M. hupehensis Rehd. and microbial population in soil were measured. Three treatments were designed as follows：fallow soil（the soil beside peach orchard），methyl bromide fumigation aged peach orchard soil and aged peach orchard soil. The results showed that the plant height，plant ground diameter，fresh weight and dry weight of M. hupehensis Rehd. in aged peach orchard soil were significantly lower than those of the fallow soil and methyl bromide fumigation aged peach orchard soil，and 17.59%，13.51%，23.22% and 28.61% were lower than those of the fallow soil；and 20.54%，17.29%，33.28% and 39.21% were less than those of methyl bromide fumigation aged peach orchard soil. The root length，root surface area and root volume were decreased by 37.57%，36.33% and 46.63% respectively compared with fallow soil，and 43.62%，48.67% and 54.11% were lower than those of methyl bromide fumigation aged peach orchard soil. The root respiration rate，superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD）and catalase（CAT）activities were significantly decreased by 28.21%，43.91%，44.46%，51.44% respectively compared with fallow soil，and 36.88%，57.78%，54.88% and 57.59% were lower than those of methyl bromide fumigation aged peach orchard soil respectively. The net photosynthetic rate（Pn）were decreased by 40.8% and 49.65% respectively compared with fallow soil and methyl bromide fumigation aged peach orchard soil. The fungi number of aged peach orchard soil was 1.91 times higher than that of fallow soil，while the bacteria number was 47.80% lower than that of fallow soil. The ratio of bacteria to fungi was：fallow soil > methyl bromide fumigation aged peach orchard soil > aged peach orchard soil. Therefore，M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings directly planted in aged peach orchard soil was not good for its growth. But after methyl bromide fumigation，the damage effect was obviously reduced.

Key words: Malus hupehensis, aged peach orchard soil, photosynthetic rate, microorganism, protective enzyme system activity

中图分类号:

S 661

刘宇松，段亚楠，陈学森，沈向，尹承苗*，毛志泉*. 老龄桃园土壤抑制平邑甜茶幼苗的生长[J]. 园艺学报, 2017, 44(10): 1969-1977.

LIU Yusong，DUAN Yanan，CHEN Xuesen，SHEN Xiang，YIN Chengmiao*，and MAO Zhiquan*. Aged Peach Orchard Soil Inhibit the Growth of Malus hupehensis Seedlings[J]. ACTA HORTICULTURAE SINICA, 2017, 44(10): 1969-1977.

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