In this study，by using Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’as a model，the phenological phases of flower development were documented，the process of flower development and nectar secretion was tracked，and the quantity and sugar content of the nectar were assessed under the facility cultivation. The results showed that compared to the open field cultivation，facility cultivation significantly advanced the sprouting stage of jujube floral bud，extended the duration of individual flower blooming and peak flowering periods，and increased both the quantity and sugar content of nectar. Overall，under the facility cultivation，‘Dongzao’exhibited superior in phenological phases，flower development，as well as nectar composition and quantity，compared to those under the traditional open field cultivation.

‘Hongsubao’is a new mid to late ripening and red-skinned pear cultivar selected from the cross‘Shinseiki’בHongxiangsu’.‘Hongsubao’has a large fruit size，with an average single fruit weight of 300 g. The fruit is elongated and well-proportioned，with a red blush on the side exposed to the sun，smooth skin，no russet，an attractive appearance，a long shelf life，resistant to storage. The flesh is fine and crisp，juicy，sweet，and slightly sour. The taste is rich，with a soluble solids content of 13%. It matures in mid to late August in Zhengzhou City，Henan Province，with a fruit development period of about 140 days and a vegetative growth period of 230 days. The yield during the peak fruiting period is 48 000 kg · hm^-2.

Using the novel visual reporter system RUBY as a screening marker，combined with the regeneration-promoting peptide CaREF1，a pepper genetic transformation system were constructed and identified three efficient recipient materials for gene delivery. The transient expression efficiency of RUBY was significantly higher in the pepper genotypes‘L27’（line pepper），‘Zunla-1’（chili pepper），and‘1-51’（bead pepper）compared to other materials. Agrobacterium rhizogenes K599，carrying the pKSE401-RUBY vector，was used for transformation. After 60 days of culturing on the adventitious bud regeneration medium（MS + 5 mg · L^-1 6-BA + 1.2 mg · L^-1 IAA + 10 nmol · L^-1 CaREF1）and shoot proliferation medium[MS + （5-10） mg · L^-1 6-BA + 0.5 mg · L^-1 IAA + 3 mg · L^-1 GA₃ + 10 nmol · L^-1 CaREF1]，the average regeneration efficiency of cotyledon explants was 84% ± 7%，with 5.52 regenerated shoots per explant and a positive transformation rate about 5‰. This system enabled the first Agrobacterium-mediated visual genetic transformation in pepper and facilitated CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in multiple pepper germplasms，with editing efficiency 100% in T₀ generation plants.

‘Baxian Xinfu’is a new apple cultivar selected from the bud mutation of‘Yanfu 3’. The fruit is big，oblate round，and the average weight of fruit is 315.83 g. The fruit surface is smooth，with yellow-green in background color and purple-red on all surface when full coloring. The coloring index is significantly higher than‘Yanfu 3’. The anthocyanin content of fruit peel in‘Baxian Xinfu’is 0.57 mg · g^-1，which is 2.2 times of‘Yanfu 10’. The flesh color is light-yellow，with crispy，juicy，sweet and sour taste. The fruit firmness，the content of soluble solids and titratable acid are 6.49 kg · cm^-2，13.6%，0.18%，respectively. The fruit has excellent quality with rich flavor. The fruit development period is about 180 days，and it matures in the mid to late October in Penglai，Shandong. The yield can reach 60 560 kg · hm^-2 in the full productive stage. It exhibits strong resistance to diseases such as ring rot and anthracnose. It is suitable for cultivation in the major apple-producing regions of the Bohai Bay and western China.

‘Zhongnong Zhenzhu 3’is a newly developed nectarine cultivar resulting from the crossbreeding of ‘Zhongnong Zhenzhu’and‘Zhongyou 16’. This cultivar features striking flowers with pink ovate petals. The fruit is characterized by an oblate shape and a concave apex. The average single fruit weighs 96.5 g. The base color of the peel is light-green accented by dark red hues. The flesh of the fruit is white，and it possesses a clingstone pit. It has a sweet and pleasant flavor，with a soluble solids content of 15.9% and a titratable acidity of 0.43%. This cultivar is classified as mid-maturing，with a fruit development period of 130 days. The trees exhibit high productivity，yielding up to 36 500 kg · hm^-2. ‘Zhongnong Zhenzhu 3’is well-suited for spring planting in Rizhao and Linyi，Shandong Province，as well as in similar ecological regions.

‘Chuhong 2’is an extremely early maturing nectarine cultivar with red flesh，which derived the cross of‘Zaoyoutao’（♀）and‘Zaoxianhong’（Shuguang × Hongroutao 18，♂）. The tree is robust and half open in shape. The fruit is nearly circular with 80–100 g. The fruit surface is smooth and hairless，with a bright red skin and flesh，and a dark red color at late ripening. The content of anthocyanins is 128–178 mg · kg^-1，and it is clingstone. The flesh is crisp and more durable for storage and transportation. The flavor is strongly sweet，with a soluble solids content of 10% to 12% and a titratable acid content of 0.19% to 0.24%. It ripens in the middle of May，and the fruit development period is 60–70 days. The fruit starts after 2 years of planting and enters the peak fruiting period after 3–4 years，with an average yield of 18 000 kg · hm^-2. The suitable planting area is suitable peach growing area in Hubei Province.

‘Zhongnong Micui’peach is a hybrid offspring of‘Chaoyang Shuimi’and‘Okubo’. The internodes are long，the flower buds are sparse. The fruit is round with a yellow-white skin and dark red stripes. The flesh is white in color and contains a high content of anthocyanins near the nucleus，half-clingstone. The average weight is 116.1 g，soluble solids content is 11.8% and the titratable acid content is 0.28%. The fruit development period is 135 days，and the yield is up to 36 500 kg · hm^-2. It can withstand the low temperature ranging from–23 ℃ to–20 ℃ without suffering from frost damage，and it is suitable for open-field cultivation in Huludao，Liaoning Province and similar ecological areas.

Sunburn is a common physiological disorder in citrus production，but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. The study was carried out at Fenghuang Mountain，Banyue Town，Dangyang City，Hubei Province in 2021. Satsuma mandarin（Citrus unshiu Marc.）and Ponkan（C. reticulata）were used as experimental materials to investigate the difference in sunburn and potential mechanisms by examining peel injury degree，performing cytological observation，measuring antioxidant content and gene expression levels. The results showed that Satsuma mandarin was more susceptible to sunburn than Ponkan. Significant difference in the incidence rates of sunburn was observed between the two varieties，43.12% for Satsuma mandarin and 22.52% for Ponkan. Sunburn seriously influenced the compactness of pericarp cells and resulted in the accumulation of lignin. Satsuma mandarin fruits were found to accumulate greater level of reactive oxygen species（ROS）. In addition，nobiletin，a critical metabolite in the polymethoxyflavone metabolic pathway，was significantly enriched in Ponkan fruit peel. Consistently，transcript levels of CrCHS2，CrCHI and CrFNS，encoding crucial enzymes involved in biosynthesis of flavonoid，and CrOMT2 in the polymethoxyflavone pathway were significantly induced in the sunburnned Ponkan fruit peel. Taken together，these findings indicate that the main reason for the difference in sunburn between Satsuma mandarin and Ponkan is that the latter contains more antioxidant that can effectively decrease the ROS accumulation，thus leading to mitigation of sunburn-derived damage.

‘Zhongnong Feicui’，a new mid-ripening cold resistant peach cultivar，is derived from the cross between ‘Fudao Taowang’（female）and‘Aodong Hantao’（male）. The fruit is round；the average single fruit weight is 119.3 g，the taste is sweet，and it is clingstone. The soluble solids content is 13.2%，the titratable acid content is 0.10%，the yield is 23 250 kg · hm^-2. In Huludao City，Liaoning Province，it began to blossomed in late April. The fruit ripens in early mid-August，the fruit development period is about 102 days. It can survive in open field without any cold-proof protection. It is suitable for planting in Huludao City，Liaoning Province and similar climate areas.

‘Xubai’is a new late-ripening peach cultivar derived from the cross of‘Fengbai’and‘Yanhong’. The fruit is round with a flat and round apex. The average fruit weight is 244.0 g. Its peel is greenwish-white，covered with red color. The flesh is white melting flesh，clingstone and sweet. There is no red pigment near the core and under the skin. The average soluble solids content was 13.76%. It matures in late August and early September in Baoding area Hebei Province. The average yield is 34 230 kg · hm^-2 in the full fruit stage. It is suitable for cultivation in Zunhua City，Hebei Province，Baoding City and the areas south of it，as well as other peach production areas with similar climatic conditions.

‘Hongmanao’is a new early ripening red skin pear cultivar selected from the cross‘Zaomeisu’בHongxiangsu’. The fruit is spindle-shaped with a medium size，average weight 174 g. The fruit skin is greenish-yellow covered with bright red on the side exposed to the sun，smooth with small dense lenticels. The flesh is yellowish-white，crisp，juicy and sweet. The soluble solids content is 12.9%，0.13% total acidity，and 49.6 mg · kg^-1 of vitamin C，fruit firmness of 6.9 kg · cm^-2. The fruit matures in mid to late July in the Zhengzhou region of Henan，with a fruit development period of approximately 110 days and a vegetative growth period of around 220 days. The yield during the peak fruiting period is 52 500 kg · hm^-2.

Citrus is usually considered as a typical non-climacteric fruit，with abscisic acid being primarily associated with citrus fruit maturity. However，other hormones，such as ethylene，gibberellin，auxin，also contribute significantly to the maturity and color transition of citrus. In production，a variety of natural hormones and synthetic plant growth regulators are commonly utilized to extend the marketing period of citrus fruits and improve postharvest preservation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current research advances concerning the role of plant hormones on the maturation of citrus fruits. It delves into the complex relationships between these hormones and investigates the regulatory mechanisms controlled by related transcription factors. The primary aim is to provide reference for further research.

‘Xuyao’is a new mid-ripening peach cultivar derived from the cross of‘Fengbai’and‘Yanhong’. The fruit is round with a flat and round apex，a shallow suture. The average fruit weight is 221.0 g. The base color of the fruit peel is creamy yellow covered with red color，and it is easy to be colored. The flesh is yellowish-white，with a soft melting texture，adheres to the stone，has no obvious pigment near the stone，juicy，and tastes sweet. The average soluble solids content was 13.87%. It matures in mid to late July in Baoding area of Hebei Province. The average yield is 33 435 kg · hm^-2 in the full fruit stage. It is suitable for cultivation in Tangshan City，Hebei Province，and the areas south of it，as well as other peach production areas with similar climatic conditions.

‘Ruipan 30’is a new late-ripening flat peach（Prunus persica var. platycarpa Bailey）cultivar with white flesh，which derived from the cross of‘Ruiguang 39’בRuipan 21’. The fruit is flat. The average fruit mass is 331 g，and the biggest one is 483 g；hard melting，sweet and clingstone. The soluble solids content is 13.8%. The flower is showy with much pollen. The fruit development period is 147 days. The trees are productive. The yield is up to 33 000 kg · hm^-2.

‘Zhongnong Yanghong’，a new mid-ripening cold resistant peach cultivar，is derived from the cross between‘Fudao Taowang’and‘Aodong Hantao’. The fruit is oblate；the average single fruit weight is 85.1 g，the taste is sour-sweet，and it is semi-freestone. The soluble solids content is 14.8%，the titratable acid content is 0.85%，the yield is 22 650 kg · hm^-2. In Huludao City，it began to blossomed in late April. The fruit ripening date is in late July，the fruit development period is about 98 days. It can survive in open field without any cold-proof protection. It is suitable for planting in Huludao City，Liaoning Province and similar climate areas.

Pyrus pyrifolia‘Jincuisu’is a new early-maturing sand pear cultivar with high chlorogenic acid content，derived from a cross between‘Xiangnan’and‘Jinshui 2’. It exhibits moderate tree vigor and has continuous bearing capacity. Fruits are round，average weight is 235 g. The base color of the fruit skin is green，while the flesh is milky white，crisp，juicy，sour-sweet. The soluble solids content is 11.0% to 12.7%，and the chlorogenic acid content of flesh is 62 mg · kg^-1. The fruit growth period is 118 d and it matures at early July in Wuhan. The yield is 31 500 kg · hm^-2，it demonstrates strong precocity and high yield potential. This cultivar is adapted to cultivation in Hubei Province and comparable regions.

In this study，ninety-six tree peony cultivars planted in Northwest A & F University were selected as the research objects. Phenotypic diversity analysis，correlation analysis，cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the phenotypic diversity analysis and ornamental comprehensive evaluation of tree peony growth，new branch length and flowering time. The results showed that the diversity index of 15 phenotypic traits ranged from 0.56 to 2.03，and the coefficient of variation ranged from 11.84% to 53.82%. The phenotypic diversity of flower diameter was the highest，and the coefficient of variation of flower number per plant was the highest. Plant height，growth，flower diameter，new branch thickness and population flowering time were significantly correlated with other traits；Ninety-six tree peony varieties were divided into three groups by cluster analysis，and different groups corresponded to different types of garden applications. Principal component analysis simplified phenotypic trait factors into five principal components，with a cumulative contribution rate of 64.69%. New branch thickness，plant height，population flowering time and number of flowers per plant were the main factors of phenotypic variation of tree peony. The ninety-six tree peony varieties were sorted by comprehensive scores，and the top 10 cultivars had scores ranging from 0.66 to 1.18，and the cultivars with excellent comprehensive traits such as‘Yubanbai’‘Shima Nishiki’‘High Noon’‘Okan’and‘Duohua Luohan’were selected according to the comprehensive scores.

‘Yanxing’is a new salt-tolerant cultivar bred from wild Malus robusta Rehd. Plants collected in Huailai，Hebei. After subjecting their offspring to salt stress treatment，this ultivar was selected. This cultivar has a compact growth habit，small branching angles，and uniform budding. Its young leaves are emerald green while mature leaves are dark green. The flowers are white，the petals are broad oval-shaped and the flower stalks are short. The salt tolerance threshold of seedlings is approximately 0.6%，which was suitable for landscaping and rootstock，and planting in light and moderate salt-alkali areas around the Bohai Sea in Hebei，Tianjin and Shandong.

In this paper， the structural characteristics of different types of promoters and their roles in gene function research，metabolic engineering，and gene editing（CRISPR/Cas9）were discusses，and summarized the content and methods for promoter identification，aiming to provide insights for a deeper understanding and investigation of the structural characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of plant promoters.

‘Huayou Baofeng’is a new apple cultivar derived from the cross between‘Hanfu’（female parent）and‘Huahong’（male parent）. The tree and the branches grow strong；the fruit is nearly round，bright red. Fruit shape index is 0.89，the average fruit weight is 238 g. The flesh is light yellow，crisp，fine，juicy；the peel hardness was 6.5 kg · cm^-2，the soluble solids content was 16.5%，the total sugar content was 11.8%，the titratable acid content was 0.26%，and the vitamin C content was 118.4 mg · kg^-1. In Xingcheng City，Liaoning Province，the fruit ripens in early October. The whole growth period of the fruit is about 150 days，and the yield is 37 080 kg · hm^-2. It is suitable for cultivation in Liaoning‘Hanfu’apple planting area in Bohai Bay ecological area.