‘Yangguang 1’（Citrus reticulata Blanco），developed by a crossing of‘Hongmeiren’（Ehime Kashi 28）as seed parent with‘Haruka’as pollen parent，is a monoembryonic and sterile line showing seedless and male-aborted. It is vigorous with high fruit-setting rate. The leaves have smooth surface with acute apex. The fruits are smooth and high flat-round in shape. The pulp is light orange in colour，crispy and tender. Single fruit weights 240-270 g in weight with 13.0%-15.0% total soluble solids，0.65% titratable acidity and 435.0 mg · L^-1 Vitamin C. In Chongqing，it matures in late November. The fruits are tolerant to storage and transportation，but tend to be suffered from high fruit cracking rate in the open field，so this cultivar is suitable for cultivation in greenhouse facilities. With annual yield of 26 300-27 500 kg · hm^-2，the major production regions include the dry-hot river valleys of Yunnan，plain/hilly area in Sichuan and western Hunan region.

In this study，by using Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’as a model，the phenological phases of flower development were documented，the process of flower development and nectar secretion was tracked，and the quantity and sugar content of the nectar were assessed under the facility cultivation. The results showed that compared to the open field cultivation，facility cultivation significantly advanced the sprouting stage of jujube floral bud，extended the duration of individual flower blooming and peak flowering periods，and increased both the quantity and sugar content of nectar. Overall，under the facility cultivation，‘Dongzao’exhibited superior in phenological phases，flower development，as well as nectar composition and quantity，compared to those under the traditional open field cultivation.

CRISPR/Cas9 is the immune defense system in bacteria and archaea. In 1987，a special repeat interval sequence was firstly discovered in Escherichia coli. Later，this repeat interval sequence was also found in more than 20 bacteria and archaea. In 2002，this special sequence was officially named as CRISPR. Subsequently，a series of studies using CRISPR/Cas9 technology for gene editing were carried out. CRISPR/Cas9 technology is the third generation gene editing technology，following ZFNs（zinc finger nucleases）technology and TALENs（transfer activator like effector nucleases）technology. This system has the advantages of simple operation design，high mutation efficiency，low cost，and has been successively applied in many horticultural plants such as citrus，grape，banana，strawberry，cucumber，and potato. This article reviews the principles and research progress of CRISPR/Cas9 technology，discusses the developmental history of various editors，including single base editor，double base editor，and guided editor，introduces the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in horticultural plants，and finally proposes the remaining problems and future prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 technology.

Using the novel visual reporter system RUBY as a screening marker，combined with the regeneration-promoting peptide CaREF1，a pepper genetic transformation system were constructed and identified three efficient recipient materials for gene delivery. The transient expression efficiency of RUBY was significantly higher in the pepper genotypes‘L27’（line pepper），‘Zunla-1’（chili pepper），and‘1-51’（bead pepper）compared to other materials. Agrobacterium rhizogenes K599，carrying the pKSE401-RUBY vector，was used for transformation. After 60 days of culturing on the adventitious bud regeneration medium（MS + 5 mg · L^-1 6-BA + 1.2 mg · L^-1 IAA + 10 nmol · L^-1 CaREF1）and shoot proliferation medium[MS + （5-10） mg · L^-1 6-BA + 0.5 mg · L^-1 IAA + 3 mg · L^-1 GA₃ + 10 nmol · L^-1 CaREF1]，the average regeneration efficiency of cotyledon explants was 84% ± 7%，with 5.52 regenerated shoots per explant and a positive transformation rate about 5‰. This system enabled the first Agrobacterium-mediated visual genetic transformation in pepper and facilitated CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in multiple pepper germplasms，with editing efficiency 100% in T₀ generation plants.

Virus-induced gene silencing（VIGS），a reverse genetic technique based on plant antiviral mechanism，has been widely used in the study of plant growth and development，signal transduction，metabolic pathways and stress resistance due to its advantages of independent of plant genetic transformation system，time-saving，easy and efficient operation，and high-throughput. In this paper，the mechanism，application and problems of VIGS were reviewed，and the vector construction strategies and influencing factors were discussed emphatically，aiming to provide reference for the further development and application of VIGS technology.

Sunburn is a common physiological disorder in citrus production，but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. The study was carried out at Fenghuang Mountain，Banyue Town，Dangyang City，Hubei Province in 2021. Satsuma mandarin（Citrus unshiu Marc.）and Ponkan（C. reticulata）were used as experimental materials to investigate the difference in sunburn and potential mechanisms by examining peel injury degree，performing cytological observation，measuring antioxidant content and gene expression levels. The results showed that Satsuma mandarin was more susceptible to sunburn than Ponkan. Significant difference in the incidence rates of sunburn was observed between the two varieties，43.12% for Satsuma mandarin and 22.52% for Ponkan. Sunburn seriously influenced the compactness of pericarp cells and resulted in the accumulation of lignin. Satsuma mandarin fruits were found to accumulate greater level of reactive oxygen species（ROS）. In addition，nobiletin，a critical metabolite in the polymethoxyflavone metabolic pathway，was significantly enriched in Ponkan fruit peel. Consistently，transcript levels of CrCHS2，CrCHI and CrFNS，encoding crucial enzymes involved in biosynthesis of flavonoid，and CrOMT2 in the polymethoxyflavone pathway were significantly induced in the sunburnned Ponkan fruit peel. Taken together，these findings indicate that the main reason for the difference in sunburn between Satsuma mandarin and Ponkan is that the latter contains more antioxidant that can effectively decrease the ROS accumulation，thus leading to mitigation of sunburn-derived damage.

‘Hongsubao’is a new mid to late ripening and red-skinned pear cultivar selected from the cross‘Shinseiki’בHongxiangsu’.‘Hongsubao’has a large fruit size，with an average single fruit weight of 300 g. The fruit is elongated and well-proportioned，with a red blush on the side exposed to the sun，smooth skin，no russet，an attractive appearance，a long shelf life，resistant to storage. The flesh is fine and crisp，juicy，sweet，and slightly sour. The taste is rich，with a soluble solids content of 13%. It matures in mid to late August in Zhengzhou City，Henan Province，with a fruit development period of about 140 days and a vegetative growth period of 230 days. The yield during the peak fruiting period is 48 000 kg · hm^-2.

‘Baxian Xinfu’is a new apple cultivar selected from the bud mutation of‘Yanfu 3’. The fruit is big，oblate round，and the average weight of fruit is 315.83 g. The fruit surface is smooth，with yellow-green in background color and purple-red on all surface when full coloring. The coloring index is significantly higher than‘Yanfu 3’. The anthocyanin content of fruit peel in‘Baxian Xinfu’is 0.57 mg · g^-1，which is 2.2 times of‘Yanfu 10’. The flesh color is light-yellow，with crispy，juicy，sweet and sour taste. The fruit firmness，the content of soluble solids and titratable acid are 6.49 kg · cm^-2，13.6%，0.18%，respectively. The fruit has excellent quality with rich flavor. The fruit development period is about 180 days，and it matures in the mid to late October in Penglai，Shandong. The yield can reach 60 560 kg · hm^-2 in the full productive stage. It exhibits strong resistance to diseases such as ring rot and anthracnose. It is suitable for cultivation in the major apple-producing regions of the Bohai Bay and western China.

Citrus is usually considered as a typical non-climacteric fruit，with abscisic acid being primarily associated with citrus fruit maturity. However，other hormones，such as ethylene，gibberellin，auxin，also contribute significantly to the maturity and color transition of citrus. In production，a variety of natural hormones and synthetic plant growth regulators are commonly utilized to extend the marketing period of citrus fruits and improve postharvest preservation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current research advances concerning the role of plant hormones on the maturation of citrus fruits. It delves into the complex relationships between these hormones and investigates the regulatory mechanisms controlled by related transcription factors. The primary aim is to provide reference for further research.

‘Zhongnong Zhenzhu 3’is a newly developed nectarine cultivar resulting from the crossbreeding of ‘Zhongnong Zhenzhu’and‘Zhongyou 16’. This cultivar features striking flowers with pink ovate petals. The fruit is characterized by an oblate shape and a concave apex. The average single fruit weighs 96.5 g. The base color of the peel is light-green accented by dark red hues. The flesh of the fruit is white，and it possesses a clingstone pit. It has a sweet and pleasant flavor，with a soluble solids content of 15.9% and a titratable acidity of 0.43%. This cultivar is classified as mid-maturing，with a fruit development period of 130 days. The trees exhibit high productivity，yielding up to 36 500 kg · hm^-2. ‘Zhongnong Zhenzhu 3’is well-suited for spring planting in Rizhao and Linyi，Shandong Province，as well as in similar ecological regions.

‘Jinfu’is a new Actinidia deliciosa cultivar with better quality and storability，bred from the wild kiwifruit resource in north of Qinling Mountains. The fruit is long cylindrical in shape，with short and hard hairs rarely；the average weight of fruit is 105.89 g，and with smaller core. The flesh color is luminous green，the core color is green-white，and with tender，juicy taste and strongly aromatic. The content of soluble solids，total sugar，titratable acidity and vitamin C are 17.1%，11.2%，0.88% and 622 mg · kg^-1，respectively. The fruit is ripe in late October in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province，with a average yield of 30 640 kg · hm^-2 in the full fruit stage.

In this paper， the structural characteristics of different types of promoters and their roles in gene function research，metabolic engineering，and gene editing（CRISPR/Cas9）were discusses，and summarized the content and methods for promoter identification，aiming to provide insights for a deeper understanding and investigation of the structural characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of plant promoters.

‘Yanjiao 465’is a new processing pepper hybrid cultivar which was bred with the male-sterile line 481-4-1A as female parent and the restorer line 0416Y02 as the male parent. The plant height is of 100.68 cm. The average node of the first flower is 13.05. It’s with late maturing. The cultivar has strong growth vigor and high resistance to virus disease and Phytophthora blight，and resistance to anthracnose. The fruit is 10.10 cm in length，1.36 cm in width and 0.14 cm in flesh thickness. The average fruit weight is 7.38 g. The yield of fresh pepper is 30 849 kg · hm^-2. It is suitable for planting in the spring open field in the main growing areas of Southwest China，North China and Northwest China.

‘Xubai’is a new late-ripening peach cultivar derived from the cross of‘Fengbai’and‘Yanhong’. The fruit is round with a flat and round apex. The average fruit weight is 244.0 g. Its peel is greenwish-white，covered with red color. The flesh is white melting flesh，clingstone and sweet. There is no red pigment near the core and under the skin. The average soluble solids content was 13.76%. It matures in late August and early September in Baoding area Hebei Province. The average yield is 34 230 kg · hm^-2 in the full fruit stage. It is suitable for cultivation in Zunhua City，Hebei Province，Baoding City and the areas south of it，as well as other peach production areas with similar climatic conditions.

In this study，ninety-six tree peony cultivars planted in Northwest A & F University were selected as the research objects. Phenotypic diversity analysis，correlation analysis，cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the phenotypic diversity analysis and ornamental comprehensive evaluation of tree peony growth，new branch length and flowering time. The results showed that the diversity index of 15 phenotypic traits ranged from 0.56 to 2.03，and the coefficient of variation ranged from 11.84% to 53.82%. The phenotypic diversity of flower diameter was the highest，and the coefficient of variation of flower number per plant was the highest. Plant height，growth，flower diameter，new branch thickness and population flowering time were significantly correlated with other traits；Ninety-six tree peony varieties were divided into three groups by cluster analysis，and different groups corresponded to different types of garden applications. Principal component analysis simplified phenotypic trait factors into five principal components，with a cumulative contribution rate of 64.69%. New branch thickness，plant height，population flowering time and number of flowers per plant were the main factors of phenotypic variation of tree peony. The ninety-six tree peony varieties were sorted by comprehensive scores，and the top 10 cultivars had scores ranging from 0.66 to 1.18，and the cultivars with excellent comprehensive traits such as‘Yubanbai’‘Shima Nishiki’‘High Noon’‘Okan’and‘Duohua Luohan’were selected according to the comprehensive scores.

‘Chuhong 2’is an extremely early maturing nectarine cultivar with red flesh，which derived the cross of‘Zaoyoutao’（♀）and‘Zaoxianhong’（Shuguang × Hongroutao 18，♂）. The tree is robust and half open in shape. The fruit is nearly circular with 80–100 g. The fruit surface is smooth and hairless，with a bright red skin and flesh，and a dark red color at late ripening. The content of anthocyanins is 128–178 mg · kg^-1，and it is clingstone. The flesh is crisp and more durable for storage and transportation. The flavor is strongly sweet，with a soluble solids content of 10% to 12% and a titratable acid content of 0.19% to 0.24%. It ripens in the middle of May，and the fruit development period is 60–70 days. The fruit starts after 2 years of planting and enters the peak fruiting period after 3–4 years，with an average yield of 18 000 kg · hm^-2. The suitable planting area is suitable peach growing area in Hubei Province.

‘Zhongnong Micui’peach is a hybrid offspring of‘Chaoyang Shuimi’and‘Okubo’. The internodes are long，the flower buds are sparse. The fruit is round with a yellow-white skin and dark red stripes. The flesh is white in color and contains a high content of anthocyanins near the nucleus，half-clingstone. The average weight is 116.1 g，soluble solids content is 11.8% and the titratable acid content is 0.28%. The fruit development period is 135 days，and the yield is up to 36 500 kg · hm^-2. It can withstand the low temperature ranging from–23 ℃ to–20 ℃ without suffering from frost damage，and it is suitable for open-field cultivation in Huludao，Liaoning Province and similar ecological areas.

Phytophthora blight is a highly destructive soil borne disease caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian. This article reviews the research progress on the genetics，cytology，physiology，biochemistry，and molecular biology mechanisms of pepper resistance to phytophthora blight，and prospects the application of pepper resistance to phytophthora blight. The aim is to provide valuable references for the research on the mechanism of pepper resistance to phytophthora blight and its breeding.

‘Hongmanao’is a new early ripening red skin pear cultivar selected from the cross‘Zaomeisu’בHongxiangsu’. The fruit is spindle-shaped with a medium size，average weight 174 g. The fruit skin is greenish-yellow covered with bright red on the side exposed to the sun，smooth with small dense lenticels. The flesh is yellowish-white，crisp，juicy and sweet. The soluble solids content is 12.9%，0.13% total acidity，and 49.6 mg · kg^-1 of vitamin C，fruit firmness of 6.9 kg · cm^-2. The fruit matures in mid to late July in the Zhengzhou region of Henan，with a fruit development period of approximately 110 days and a vegetative growth period of around 220 days. The yield during the peak fruiting period is 52 500 kg · hm^-2.

‘Zhongnong Feicui’，a new mid-ripening cold resistant peach cultivar，is derived from the cross between ‘Fudao Taowang’（female）and‘Aodong Hantao’（male）. The fruit is round；the average single fruit weight is 119.3 g，the taste is sweet，and it is clingstone. The soluble solids content is 13.2%，the titratable acid content is 0.10%，the yield is 23 250 kg · hm^-2. In Huludao City，Liaoning Province，it began to blossomed in late April. The fruit ripens in early mid-August，the fruit development period is about 102 days. It can survive in open field without any cold-proof protection. It is suitable for planting in Huludao City，Liaoning Province and similar climate areas.