In this study，by using Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’as a model，the phenological phases of flower development were documented，the process of flower development and nectar secretion was tracked，and the quantity and sugar content of the nectar were assessed under the facility cultivation. The results showed that compared to the open field cultivation，facility cultivation significantly advanced the sprouting stage of jujube floral bud，extended the duration of individual flower blooming and peak flowering periods，and increased both the quantity and sugar content of nectar. Overall，under the facility cultivation，‘Dongzao’exhibited superior in phenological phases，flower development，as well as nectar composition and quantity，compared to those under the traditional open field cultivation.

CRISPR/Cas9 is the immune defense system in bacteria and archaea. In 1987，a special repeat interval sequence was firstly discovered in Escherichia coli. Later，this repeat interval sequence was also found in more than 20 bacteria and archaea. In 2002，this special sequence was officially named as CRISPR. Subsequently，a series of studies using CRISPR/Cas9 technology for gene editing were carried out. CRISPR/Cas9 technology is the third generation gene editing technology，following ZFNs（zinc finger nucleases）technology and TALENs（transfer activator like effector nucleases）technology. This system has the advantages of simple operation design，high mutation efficiency，low cost，and has been successively applied in many horticultural plants such as citrus，grape，banana，strawberry，cucumber，and potato. This article reviews the principles and research progress of CRISPR/Cas9 technology，discusses the developmental history of various editors，including single base editor，double base editor，and guided editor，introduces the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in horticultural plants，and finally proposes the remaining problems and future prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 technology.

Using‘Zhangshugang’pepper suitable for fresh and immature fruits as experimental material the changes of shape，firmness，tissue structure，main nutrients，cell wall substances，capsaicinoids and volatile components of fruit during fruit development were investigated，and the correlation analysis and principal component analysis of quality characteristics was carried out to clarify the key factors affecting the quality. The results showed that the longitudinal diameter，transverse diameter，single fruit weight，flesh thickness，fruit firmness and cuticle thickness of fruit increased gradually from the development of pepper fruits to the colour change stage. The number of pericarp cell layers did not change，and the volume of parenchyma cells increased resulting in the thickening of flesh. The contents of soluble protein showed a‘U-shaped’change with fruit development；soluble sugar and vitamin C showed an overall increasing trend；the total pectin content increased first and then decreased. The content of cellulose and hemicellulose showed a decreasing-rising-decreasing-rising trend，and the content of cellulose and hemicellulose was the lowest at 15 days after flowering. Capsaicinoids content increased rapidly in the early stage of development. A total of 158 volatile constituents were detected during pepper fruit development，dominated by terpenes，esters，heterocyclic compounds，hydrocarbons，ketones，alcohols，and aldehydes，with an increase in terpenes，esters，hydrocarbons，ketones，and aldehydes， from 10 to 25 d after flowering. Therefore，low fruit firmness，thin cuticle，moderate spiciness，low content of cellulose and total pectin content，and relatively high volatile componentsmay be the main reasons for the excellent taste of fresh and immature pepper. In addition，the results of principal component analysis showed that soluble protein content was also one of the important factors affecting the quality of ‘Zhangshugang’ pepper.

Sunburn is a common physiological disorder in citrus production，but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. The study was carried out at Fenghuang Mountain，Banyue Town，Dangyang City，Hubei Province in 2021. Satsuma mandarin（Citrus unshiu Marc.）and Ponkan（C. reticulata）were used as experimental materials to investigate the difference in sunburn and potential mechanisms by examining peel injury degree，performing cytological observation，measuring antioxidant content and gene expression levels. The results showed that Satsuma mandarin was more susceptible to sunburn than Ponkan. Significant difference in the incidence rates of sunburn was observed between the two varieties，43.12% for Satsuma mandarin and 22.52% for Ponkan. Sunburn seriously influenced the compactness of pericarp cells and resulted in the accumulation of lignin. Satsuma mandarin fruits were found to accumulate greater level of reactive oxygen species（ROS）. In addition，nobiletin，a critical metabolite in the polymethoxyflavone metabolic pathway，was significantly enriched in Ponkan fruit peel. Consistently，transcript levels of CrCHS2，CrCHI and CrFNS，encoding crucial enzymes involved in biosynthesis of flavonoid，and CrOMT2 in the polymethoxyflavone pathway were significantly induced in the sunburnned Ponkan fruit peel. Taken together，these findings indicate that the main reason for the difference in sunburn between Satsuma mandarin and Ponkan is that the latter contains more antioxidant that can effectively decrease the ROS accumulation，thus leading to mitigation of sunburn-derived damage.

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus（ToBRFV）belongs to the genus of Tobamovirus and the family of Virgaviridae，which is an RNA virus. It can infect plants from various families and genera，including tomato，posing a serious threat to agricultural production. It was first discovered in Israel in 2014 and subsequently spread to many countries and regions around the world. In April 2021，the virus was as a quarantine virus in China. In this article，the genome structure，host range，symptoms，mode of transmission，detection methods，host resistance and defense measures of the virus were summarized，in order to provide reference for the fight against ToBRFV.

Virus-induced gene silencing（VIGS），a reverse genetic technique based on plant antiviral mechanism，has been widely used in the study of plant growth and development，signal transduction，metabolic pathways and stress resistance due to its advantages of independent of plant genetic transformation system，time-saving，easy and efficient operation，and high-throughput. In this paper，the mechanism，application and problems of VIGS were reviewed，and the vector construction strategies and influencing factors were discussed emphatically，aiming to provide reference for the further development and application of VIGS technology.

‘Yangguang 1’（Citrus reticulata Blanco），developed by a crossing of‘Hongmeiren’（Ehime Kashi 28）as seed parent with‘Haruka’as pollen parent，is a monoembryonic and sterile line showing seedless and male-aborted. It is vigorous with high fruit-setting rate. The leaves have smooth surface with acute apex. The fruits are smooth and high flat-round in shape. The pulp is light orange in colour，crispy and tender. Single fruit weights 240-270 g in weight with 13.0%-15.0% total soluble solids，0.65% titratable acidity and 435.0 mg · L^-1 Vitamin C. In Chongqing，it matures in late November. The fruits are tolerant to storage and transportation，but tend to be suffered from high fruit cracking rate in the open field，so this cultivar is suitable for cultivation in greenhouse facilities. With annual yield of 26 300-27 500 kg · hm^-2，the major production regions include the dry-hot river valleys of Yunnan，plain/hilly area in Sichuan and western Hunan region.

In order to clarify the effects of Bacillus megaterium on the growth of apple（Malus × domestica）trees and the ecological effects of the soil，a field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of B. megaterium application on the growth of new branches，the yield and quality of apple fruits，and the characteristics of soil microbial community using 16 years-old‘Red Fuji’apple trees. The results showed that the growth rate of new branches in 2021 and 2022 were increased by 3.45% and 17.01% within compared with the control 30 d，respectively（P < 0.05），and by 2.58% and 6.71% within 60 d，respectively（P < 0.05），after application of B. megaterium inoculant to apple trees in spring. Moreover，the yield increased by 7.17% and 7.01% respectively（P < 0.05）；the fruits number per plant were increased by 4.95% in 2021（P < 0.05），in the treatment group of 2021 and 2022，but application of B. megaterium inoculant had no significant effect on the fruit shape index，hardness of fruits，and the contents of soluble sugar，soluble solids，and vitamin C in apple fruits. In 2022，the fruit color related indexes of the treatment group，Red-Green Index a^* is lower and Chroma angle h is higher than those of the control group，and there were no significant differences in 2021. Furthermore，the number of fungi in the soil layer of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm decreased，while the number of bacteria showed the opposite trend. There was no significant difference in α-diversity of soil fungal and bacterial communities in the soil layer of 20-40 cm. For the soil fungal community at genus level，the relative abundances of Trichocladium，Solicocozyma，Naganishia and Ilyoctria in the treatment 1.87，1.92，2.91 and 3.38 times higher than those in the control；The relative abundances of Tausonia and Cephalotrichum were 76.44% and 67.96% of that in the control，respectively（P < 0.05）. For the soil bacterial community at genus level，the relative abundances of Streptomyces and Gemmatimonas in the treatment were 2.65- and 1.33-fold of that in the control，but the relative abundance of Chujaibacter was 48.88% lower than that of the control（P < 0.05）. The number of bacteria and fungi OTU in the rhizosphere of the treatment changed significantly compared with the control；Additionally，the contents of soil available phosphorus and potassium in the rhizosphere of the treatment were 21.87% and 20.81%；5.14% and 5.31%，respectively（P < 0.05），which are higher than those in the control（P < 0.05）. In summary，the application of B. megaterium inoculant to apple trees in spring can inhibit harmful soil fungi，improve the structure and quantity of soil microbial community，mobilize soil phosphorus and potassium，and promote the growth of apple tree and apple fruits yield.

The fresh-eating sweet corn‘Tiancui 710’，was selected from hybrids of DH3534（female parent）and ET1003（male parent）. Its grain is yellow，the reducing sugar content ranges from 4.65% to 5.10%，the soluble sugar content ranges from 12.92% to 15.12%. It is sweet and fragrant.The average fresh ear yield of the cultivar rang from 15 100 to 15 290 kg · hm^-2. It is suitable for fresh corn cultivation in areas south of the Huai River in Anhui and Jiangsu，Shanghai，Zhejiang，Jiangxi，Fujian，Guangdong，Guangxi，Hainan，Sichuan，Chongqing，Guizhou，Hunan，Hubei，and the hilly，flat，and low mountain areas in central Yunnan.

In order to clarify the fruit quality and aroma substance content characteristics of‘Merlot’grape from different producing areas in Hexi Corridor，this study analyzed the climate data，soil nutrients，fruit quality and aroma substance components of Jiayuguan，Zhangye and Wuwei producing areas for three consecutive years. The results showed that the soil of the three regions was generally lack of organic matter，and the content of organic matter was below grade 4（lack）. The pH value of soil was from 7.72 to 8.23，belonging to neutral to alkaline soil. The contents of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium in the surface soil are relatively rich，and the contents of iron，copper and manganese in the soil at different depths in Wuwei are relatively high. The monthly effective accumulated temperature and diurnal temperature difference in Zhangye from April to September are significantly higher than those in other regions，and the rainfall in Wuwei region is the largest. The glucose content in the fruit quality of the three producing areas was Zhangye > Jiayuguan > Wuwei，and the sucrose content was the opposite，and the content of tartaric acid，citric acid and ascorbic acid in Wuwei was higher than that in the other two producing areas. The total content of aroma compounds in fruit quality in Jiayuguan in 2018 and 2019 was higher than that in the other two producing areas. Environmental factors such as temperature and precipitation were significantly correlated with fruit sugar and acid content，and mineral elements such as calcium，manganese，copper and iron in soil were also significantly correlated with fruit sugar and acid content. Therefore，it can be considered that the differences of aroma substances in different habitats are the result of the combined action of environmental factors and soil nutrition.

CRISPR/Cas genome editing technology has become an important tool for the genetic improvement of crops. However，common genome editing methods of Agrobacterium-mediated or particle bombardment delivery DNA can lead to the integration of exogenous vector fragments into the plant genome，raising consumer concerns about its potential biosafety. At present，some plants have established DNA-free genome editing systems，but there are problems such as low delivery efficiency，low editing efficiency，and regeneration difficulties. In this review，the advances in the establishment and application of plant CRISPR/Cas DNA-free genome editing system were summaried from three aspects：the vector elements，delivery methods and the commonly used editing strategy. The main existing problems and future perspectives were discussed.

Using the novel visual reporter system RUBY as a screening marker，combined with the regeneration-promoting peptide CaREF1，a pepper genetic transformation system were constructed and identified three efficient recipient materials for gene delivery. The transient expression efficiency of RUBY was significantly higher in the pepper genotypes‘L27’（line pepper），‘Zunla-1’（chili pepper），and‘1-51’（bead pepper）compared to other materials. Agrobacterium rhizogenes K599，carrying the pKSE401-RUBY vector，was used for transformation. After 60 days of culturing on the adventitious bud regeneration medium（MS + 5 mg · L^-1 6-BA + 1.2 mg · L^-1 IAA + 10 nmol · L^-1 CaREF1）and shoot proliferation medium[MS + （5-10） mg · L^-1 6-BA + 0.5 mg · L^-1 IAA + 3 mg · L^-1 GA₃ + 10 nmol · L^-1 CaREF1]，the average regeneration efficiency of cotyledon explants was 84% ± 7%，with 5.52 regenerated shoots per explant and a positive transformation rate about 5‰. This system enabled the first Agrobacterium-mediated visual genetic transformation in pepper and facilitated CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in multiple pepper germplasms，with editing efficiency 100% in T₀ generation plants.

In this study，the role of MhCLE8（CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURRSURROUNDING REGION 8）peptide hormone gene in regulating anthocyanin accumulation was investigated using the meterials Arabidopsis and apple calli. The results showed that the accumulation of anthocyanin in Arabidopsis seedlings and apple calli was significantly inhibited when treated with MhCLE8 peptide （referred to as MhCLE8p）which was synthesised in vitro. Phylogenetic analysis and multiple protein sequences alignment showed that MhCLE8 and its homologues in other plant species contain a highly conserved CLE-motif，and MhCLE8 showed high homology with Prunus armeniaca（CAB4276204.1）and Malus baccata（TQE01035.1）. The MhCLE8 gene was cloned to binary vector pRI，and transferred to Arabidopsis and apple calli to obtain the stable overexpression materials by Agrobacterium-mediated transgenic technology. The transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings and apple calli showed decresed accumulation of anthocyanin. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis structural genes in MhCLE8 overexpressed plant materials was inhibited to varying degrees. In summary，all the results suggested that the peptide encoding gene MhCLE8 was a negative regulator of anthocyanin accumulation.

In order to explore the function of SlWRKY46 in response to low temperature stress，the CDS sequence of SlWRKY46 cloned from tomato‘Micro-Tom’leaves was analyzed. The result showed that SlWRKY46 belonged to Ⅱa group of WRKY family and encoded 253 amino acids. SlWRKY46 was localized in the nucleus by subcellular localization analysis. SlWRKY46 had no transcriptional activation activity in yeast. SlWRKY46 could form homologous dimers by yeast two-hybrid yeast（Y2H）. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR（qRT-PCR）showed that the expressions of SlWRKY46 were significantly induced by low temperature and abscisic acid（ABA）. The GUS staining of SlWRKY46 promoter transgenic tomato also cloud be induced by low temperature and ABA. The overexpressed SlWRKY46 tomato lines had higher cold tolerance compared with wild-type. The overexpressed SlWRKY46 tomato lines exhibited lower reactive oxygen species accumulation and malondialdehyde levels，and higher antioxidant enzyme activities and proline accumulation compared with wild-type under low temperature treatment. The expression levels of genes related to antioxidant enzyme and ABA showed significant differences between overexpressed SlWRKY46 tomato lines and wild-type under low temperature treatment. Taken together，these results indicated that SlWRKY46 positively regulated the cold tolerance of tomato by antioxidant enzyme and ABA pathways.

To explore the relationship between duration or intensity of sunlight and the yield of grape harvest. The light durations and intensities recorded in the summer fruit growing season with those provided by meteorological department were analyzed. Light saturation point and light compensation point of leaves of‘Shine-Muscat’grape during different phonological stages，and the effects of light duration and intensity on net photosynthetic rate and yield of summer fruit of‘Shine-Muscat’grape were analyzed. The results showed that the total light duration recorded by the meteorological station based on direct sunlight was significantly lower than that recorded in the vineyard and did not fully include the light duration corresponding to the light intensity that is available for grape production. Light intensity significantly affected the net photosynthetic rate of‘Shine-Muscat’grape leaves. The light compensation point and light saturation point of leaves of‘Shine-Muscat’grape varied in different developmental stages. The light compensation point of leaves ranged from 22.43 to 49.77 μmol · m^-2 · s^-1，and the light saturation point of leaves ranged from 1 108.07 to 1 303.01 μmol · m^-2 · s^-1. The formation of grape yield is more closely related to the sunshine hours above the light intensity at the light compensation point，and under the light hours above the light compensation point of 1 524.1 h（2018）and 1 579.8 h（2019），the yield of grapes was 13 701.9 and 17 774.9 kg · hm^-2 respectively，and the average soluble solids was more than 17 Brix°. Therefore，suggested that in grape production and quality evaluation，the effects of light hours and light intensity in grape growth and development cycle should be comprehensively considered based on the light saturation point and light compensation point of variety leaves.

The late ripening new chestnut cultivar‘Yanbao’was selected from the wild seedlings in Yanshan region. It has excellent characteristics such as high yield，high quality，big nut and good color. The average nut weight is 9.0 g，with purplish brown and glossy shell. The density of pubescence is sparse and the tendon lines are inapparent. The nut is ellipse with uniform size and milk yellow flesh，which stir-fry delicate，sweet and waxy. The nuts mature period is late September，with yield per tree 6.73 kg，equivalent to 5 604 kg · hm^-2.‘Yanbao’has strong drought and cold resistance，and appropriate to be planted in hilly region of Mount Yanshan，the appropriate pollination cultivars are‘Yanshan Zaofeng’‘Yanlong’and‘Yanli’.

Citrus is usually considered as a typical non-climacteric fruit，with abscisic acid being primarily associated with citrus fruit maturity. However，other hormones，such as ethylene，gibberellin，auxin，also contribute significantly to the maturity and color transition of citrus. In production，a variety of natural hormones and synthetic plant growth regulators are commonly utilized to extend the marketing period of citrus fruits and improve postharvest preservation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current research advances concerning the role of plant hormones on the maturation of citrus fruits. It delves into the complex relationships between these hormones and investigates the regulatory mechanisms controlled by related transcription factors. The primary aim is to provide reference for further research.

‘Longjiao 13’is a new hot pepper F₁ hybrid cultivar，acquired with lines 1474 and 1439 as female and male parent respectively. The fruit is horn shape with wrinkle，28.0 cm in length，3.1 cm in width，0.27 cm in pulp thickness and 66 g in weight. The fruit has a green color，wrinkled surface，spicy taste，and good commercial value. Average yield is 75 000 kg · hm^-2 in facilities.‘Longjiao 13’is resistance to TMV and Phytophthora blight and it is suitable for planting in facilities and open fields in northwest China.

In this study，the pericarp surrounding the blossom end of normal and cracked fruits（three degrees of fruit cracking）from the‘Duwei’pummelo cultivar were used for high throughput RNA sequencing. Some differentially expressed genes are potentially associated with fruit cracking. Galacturonosyltransferase（catalyzing homogalacturonan synthesis）and arabinogalactan protein （maintaining cell wall structure）genes were significantly down-regulated，however，genes （polygalacturonase，pectate lyase）involved in the pectin degradation pathway were significantly up regulated in cracked pericarp compared to the un-cracked pericarp. The changes in the expression of these genes may link to a decrease in mechanical strength of the cell wall，consequently inducing fruit cracking. A gene for 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase（participating long chain lipid acid synthesis）was 5-6 times in un-cracked pericarp compared to cracked pericarp，suggesting that the decrease in transcript level of the gene may lead to a lower capacity of pericarp to suppress transpiration，ultimately，may lead to water deficiency stress，cell death，and microcrack formation in pericarp. Genes related to high temperature or water deficiency（dehydration-responsive element-binding protein，calcineurin B-like-interacting protein kinase，WRKY30，WRKY33，and WRKY40）were significantly down regulated in cracked pericarp，indicating the possible association of high temperature and water deficiency with fruit cracking.

‘Yanjiao 465’is a new processing pepper hybrid cultivar which was bred with the male-sterile line 481-4-1A as female parent and the restorer line 0416Y02 as the male parent. The plant height is of 100.68 cm. The average node of the first flower is 13.05. It’s with late maturing. The cultivar has strong growth vigor and high resistance to virus disease and Phytophthora blight，and resistance to anthracnose. The fruit is 10.10 cm in length，1.36 cm in width and 0.14 cm in flesh thickness. The average fruit weight is 7.38 g. The yield of fresh pepper is 30 849 kg · hm^-2. It is suitable for planting in the spring open field in the main growing areas of Southwest China，North China and Northwest China.