In this study，by using Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao’as a model，the phenological phases of flower development were documented，the process of flower development and nectar secretion was tracked，and the quantity and sugar content of the nectar were assessed under the facility cultivation. The results showed that compared to the open field cultivation，facility cultivation significantly advanced the sprouting stage of jujube floral bud，extended the duration of individual flower blooming and peak flowering periods，and increased both the quantity and sugar content of nectar. Overall，under the facility cultivation，‘Dongzao’exhibited superior in phenological phases，flower development，as well as nectar composition and quantity，compared to those under the traditional open field cultivation.

CRISPR/Cas9 is the immune defense system in bacteria and archaea. In 1987，a special repeat interval sequence was firstly discovered in Escherichia coli. Later，this repeat interval sequence was also found in more than 20 bacteria and archaea. In 2002，this special sequence was officially named as CRISPR. Subsequently，a series of studies using CRISPR/Cas9 technology for gene editing were carried out. CRISPR/Cas9 technology is the third generation gene editing technology，following ZFNs（zinc finger nucleases）technology and TALENs（transfer activator like effector nucleases）technology. This system has the advantages of simple operation design，high mutation efficiency，low cost，and has been successively applied in many horticultural plants such as citrus，grape，banana，strawberry，cucumber，and potato. This article reviews the principles and research progress of CRISPR/Cas9 technology，discusses the developmental history of various editors，including single base editor，double base editor，and guided editor，introduces the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in horticultural plants，and finally proposes the remaining problems and future prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 technology.

Sunburn is a common physiological disorder in citrus production，but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. The study was carried out at Fenghuang Mountain，Banyue Town，Dangyang City，Hubei Province in 2021. Satsuma mandarin（Citrus unshiu Marc.）and Ponkan（C. reticulata）were used as experimental materials to investigate the difference in sunburn and potential mechanisms by examining peel injury degree，performing cytological observation，measuring antioxidant content and gene expression levels. The results showed that Satsuma mandarin was more susceptible to sunburn than Ponkan. Significant difference in the incidence rates of sunburn was observed between the two varieties，43.12% for Satsuma mandarin and 22.52% for Ponkan. Sunburn seriously influenced the compactness of pericarp cells and resulted in the accumulation of lignin. Satsuma mandarin fruits were found to accumulate greater level of reactive oxygen species（ROS）. In addition，nobiletin，a critical metabolite in the polymethoxyflavone metabolic pathway，was significantly enriched in Ponkan fruit peel. Consistently，transcript levels of CrCHS2，CrCHI and CrFNS，encoding crucial enzymes involved in biosynthesis of flavonoid，and CrOMT2 in the polymethoxyflavone pathway were significantly induced in the sunburnned Ponkan fruit peel. Taken together，these findings indicate that the main reason for the difference in sunburn between Satsuma mandarin and Ponkan is that the latter contains more antioxidant that can effectively decrease the ROS accumulation，thus leading to mitigation of sunburn-derived damage.

‘Yangguang 1’（Citrus reticulata Blanco），developed by a crossing of‘Hongmeiren’（Ehime Kashi 28）as seed parent with‘Haruka’as pollen parent，is a monoembryonic and sterile line showing seedless and male-aborted. It is vigorous with high fruit-setting rate. The leaves have smooth surface with acute apex. The fruits are smooth and high flat-round in shape. The pulp is light orange in colour，crispy and tender. Single fruit weights 240-270 g in weight with 13.0%-15.0% total soluble solids，0.65% titratable acidity and 435.0 mg · L^-1 Vitamin C. In Chongqing，it matures in late November. The fruits are tolerant to storage and transportation，but tend to be suffered from high fruit cracking rate in the open field，so this cultivar is suitable for cultivation in greenhouse facilities. With annual yield of 26 300-27 500 kg · hm^-2，the major production regions include the dry-hot river valleys of Yunnan，plain/hilly area in Sichuan and western Hunan region.

Virus-induced gene silencing（VIGS），a reverse genetic technique based on plant antiviral mechanism，has been widely used in the study of plant growth and development，signal transduction，metabolic pathways and stress resistance due to its advantages of independent of plant genetic transformation system，time-saving，easy and efficient operation，and high-throughput. In this paper，the mechanism，application and problems of VIGS were reviewed，and the vector construction strategies and influencing factors were discussed emphatically，aiming to provide reference for the further development and application of VIGS technology.

CRISPR/Cas genome editing technology has become an important tool for the genetic improvement of crops. However，common genome editing methods of Agrobacterium-mediated or particle bombardment delivery DNA can lead to the integration of exogenous vector fragments into the plant genome，raising consumer concerns about its potential biosafety. At present，some plants have established DNA-free genome editing systems，but there are problems such as low delivery efficiency，low editing efficiency，and regeneration difficulties. In this review，the advances in the establishment and application of plant CRISPR/Cas DNA-free genome editing system were summaried from three aspects：the vector elements，delivery methods and the commonly used editing strategy. The main existing problems and future perspectives were discussed.

In order to explore the function of SlWRKY46 in response to low temperature stress，the CDS sequence of SlWRKY46 cloned from tomato‘Micro-Tom’leaves was analyzed. The result showed that SlWRKY46 belonged to Ⅱa group of WRKY family and encoded 253 amino acids. SlWRKY46 was localized in the nucleus by subcellular localization analysis. SlWRKY46 had no transcriptional activation activity in yeast. SlWRKY46 could form homologous dimers by yeast two-hybrid yeast（Y2H）. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR（qRT-PCR）showed that the expressions of SlWRKY46 were significantly induced by low temperature and abscisic acid（ABA）. The GUS staining of SlWRKY46 promoter transgenic tomato also cloud be induced by low temperature and ABA. The overexpressed SlWRKY46 tomato lines had higher cold tolerance compared with wild-type. The overexpressed SlWRKY46 tomato lines exhibited lower reactive oxygen species accumulation and malondialdehyde levels，and higher antioxidant enzyme activities and proline accumulation compared with wild-type under low temperature treatment. The expression levels of genes related to antioxidant enzyme and ABA showed significant differences between overexpressed SlWRKY46 tomato lines and wild-type under low temperature treatment. Taken together，these results indicated that SlWRKY46 positively regulated the cold tolerance of tomato by antioxidant enzyme and ABA pathways.

Citrus is usually considered as a typical non-climacteric fruit，with abscisic acid being primarily associated with citrus fruit maturity. However，other hormones，such as ethylene，gibberellin，auxin，also contribute significantly to the maturity and color transition of citrus. In production，a variety of natural hormones and synthetic plant growth regulators are commonly utilized to extend the marketing period of citrus fruits and improve postharvest preservation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current research advances concerning the role of plant hormones on the maturation of citrus fruits. It delves into the complex relationships between these hormones and investigates the regulatory mechanisms controlled by related transcription factors. The primary aim is to provide reference for further research.

‘Longjiao 13’is a new hot pepper F₁ hybrid cultivar，acquired with lines 1474 and 1439 as female and male parent respectively. The fruit is horn shape with wrinkle，28.0 cm in length，3.1 cm in width，0.27 cm in pulp thickness and 66 g in weight. The fruit has a green color，wrinkled surface，spicy taste，and good commercial value. Average yield is 75 000 kg · hm^-2 in facilities.‘Longjiao 13’is resistance to TMV and Phytophthora blight and it is suitable for planting in facilities and open fields in northwest China.

‘Yanjiao 465’is a new processing pepper hybrid cultivar which was bred with the male-sterile line 481-4-1A as female parent and the restorer line 0416Y02 as the male parent. The plant height is of 100.68 cm. The average node of the first flower is 13.05. It’s with late maturing. The cultivar has strong growth vigor and high resistance to virus disease and Phytophthora blight，and resistance to anthracnose. The fruit is 10.10 cm in length，1.36 cm in width and 0.14 cm in flesh thickness. The average fruit weight is 7.38 g. The yield of fresh pepper is 30 849 kg · hm^-2. It is suitable for planting in the spring open field in the main growing areas of Southwest China，North China and Northwest China.

Using the novel visual reporter system RUBY as a screening marker，combined with the regeneration-promoting peptide CaREF1，a pepper genetic transformation system were constructed and identified three efficient recipient materials for gene delivery. The transient expression efficiency of RUBY was significantly higher in the pepper genotypes‘L27’（line pepper），‘Zunla-1’（chili pepper），and‘1-51’（bead pepper）compared to other materials. Agrobacterium rhizogenes K599，carrying the pKSE401-RUBY vector，was used for transformation. After 60 days of culturing on the adventitious bud regeneration medium（MS + 5 mg · L^-1 6-BA + 1.2 mg · L^-1 IAA + 10 nmol · L^-1 CaREF1）and shoot proliferation medium[MS + （5-10） mg · L^-1 6-BA + 0.5 mg · L^-1 IAA + 3 mg · L^-1 GA₃ + 10 nmol · L^-1 CaREF1]，the average regeneration efficiency of cotyledon explants was 84% ± 7%，with 5.52 regenerated shoots per explant and a positive transformation rate about 5‰. This system enabled the first Agrobacterium-mediated visual genetic transformation in pepper and facilitated CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in multiple pepper germplasms，with editing efficiency 100% in T₀ generation plants.

Discovering natural triploids from diploid seedling offspring is an effective mehod to cultivate new seedless citrus cultivar. In this study，the small plump seeds of Orah were germinated and sowed，and the ploidy of seedling offsprings was identified by morphological screening，flow cytometry and chromosome counting. A total of 98 triploid lines of Orah seedlings were obtained. Two pairs of SSR primers with polymorphism between the female parent and its candidate male parent were used to analyze the hybrid origin of triploid progenies. It was found that only the amplification product of Orah mandarin could be detected in the triploid progenies. Further genetic analysis was performed using 36 pairs of S-RNase primers. Results showed that the S genotype S₁₁/S_M of Orah mandarin was detected in all triploid progenies，and the S genotype S₂₂ of the candidate male parent Shatangju occurred in two lines，presumed that these two lines were triploid progenies produced by the hybridization of Orah and Shatangju，and were formed by fertilization of 2n female gametes. The remaining lines might be autotriploids produced by selfing of Orah. Compared with the diploid seedlings，the triploid seedlings of the same age grew slowly，the internodes became shorter，the dwarfing was obvious，the main roots were short and thick，the fibrous roots were less，the leaves were dark green and thicker. Under the same cultivation and management conditions，the expression of multiple stress response related genes（CitCOMT，CitGRAS，CitERF4 and CitERF9）in the leaves of allotriploid plants was significantly up-regulated compared with diploid and autotriploid plants.

The research systematically studied the effects of different types and concentrations of chemical defoliants on the defoliation and nutrient reflux of 5-year-old‘Dongzao’jujube in greenhouse via foliar spraying. The results showed that：（1）0.20% ethephon treatment had the best defoliation effect on jujube trees，with a high defoliation rate of 75.75% on 7 days after treatment；（2）The nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium reflux caused by natural fallen leaves of jujube trees were 4.14，0.27，and 3.18 g · kg^-1，respectively；（3）Leaf nitrogen reflux occurred under all chemical defoliant treatments and 4% urea，8% urea，10% urea，0.5% zinc sulfate，and 1.0% zinc sulfate treatments significantly increased leaf nitrogen reflux. Leaves phosphorus reflux can be found under 4% urea，8% urea，10% urea，0.5% zinc sulfate，1.0% zinc sulfate，2.0% zinc sulfate，0.05% ethephon and 0.10% ethephon treatments. Potassium backflow can be detected in leaves treated with 4% urea，8% urea，10% urea，0.5% zinc sulfate，0.05% ethephon，and 0.20% ethephon. However，only 8% and 10% urea treatments significantly increased leaf nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium reflux. In conclusion，0.20% ethephon is the best treatment for rapid defoliation in production. The best treatment for the purpose of shedding leaves at a specific period without leaf nutrient waste is 8% or 10% urea，which significantly improves the backflow of nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium.

In this paper， the structural characteristics of different types of promoters and their roles in gene function research，metabolic engineering，and gene editing（CRISPR/Cas9）were discusses，and summarized the content and methods for promoter identification，aiming to provide insights for a deeper understanding and investigation of the structural characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of plant promoters.

To analyze the molecular regulation mechanism of tree peony（Paeonia suffruticosa）in southern China，‘Hu Hong’was selected as the test material，the leaves treated at 20 ℃ and 40 ℃ were collected after 0，2，6，12 and 24 h，respectively. Transcriptomics and physiological and biochemical indicators were used to explore the differences in gene expression at different treatment times under high temperature stress. The result showed that the leaves showed water loss and biofilm damage，the relative conductivity of leaves and the proline content increased significantly with the prolongation of high temperature stress time. Free proline，relative conductivity and soluble protein were identified as important indicators to measure the changes of physiological mechanism in the response of peony to high temperature stress. A total of 492 693 unigene and 840 509 transcripts were generated by RNA-seq. 36 174 differentially expressed genes（DEGs）were annotated in 5 databases including GO and KEGG. The GO analysis showed that the main enrichment pathways were the reaction pathway to heat and the cycle pathway of reduced pentose phosphate. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEG is involved in signal transduction，photosynthesis and metabolism play a major role in responding to high temperature stress. Among the DEGs，multiple candidate genes and transcription factors involved in heat stress have been screened out，such as heat shock transcription factors PSHSFA2b，PSHSFA3，PSHSFB2a，PSHSFB2b，PSHSFB4，PSHSFC1 and some NAC，MYB，bHLH family genes. The expression of 11 selected genes under high temperature stress was detected by qRT-PCR，and the results were similar to RNA seq.

To explore the regulation mechanism of exogenous melatonin（MT）on leaf senescence of tomato（Solanum lycopersicum L.）,‘Jinpeng 1'tomato and SlTDC（L-tryptophan decarboxylase encoding gene，a key gene for MT synthesis）overexpression and knockout transgenic tomato plants were used as experimental materials and dark condition was used to simulate senescence，the effects of MT on senescence-related gene（SAG12）expression,reactive oxygen species（ROS）accumulation and antioxidant system were studied in this paper. The results showed that the mRNA abundance of SAG12，the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide（H₂O₂）and superoxide anion superoxide anion，the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD）and ascorbate peroxidase（APX）and their gene expression，and the content of ascorbic acid（AsA）and glutathione（GSH）in tomato leaves increased significantly with the prolongation of dark treatment time. Compared with the control（H₂O），the tomato treated with exogenous MT showed lower SAG12 mRNA abundance，the content of H₂O₂ and superoxide anion and higher activities of SOD，POD，APX as well as their gene expression and the content of redox substances. Meanwhile，overexpression of SlTDC also significantly down-regulated the mRNA abundance of SAG12 and the content of H₂O₂ and superoxide anion，and enhanced antioxidant capacity，while inhibition or knockout of SlTDC up-regulated the expression of senescence genes and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species（ROS）in tomato leaves under dark treatment，which accelerated leaf senescence. Moreover，field application studies showed that exogenous MT could also significantly down-regulate the expression of senescence genes and accumulation of ROS in tomato senescent leaves（leaf age > 35 d）in solar greenhouse，and delay leaf senescence caused by increasing leaf age. In summary，MT can accelerate the removal of ROS by down-regulating the expression of senescence genes and up-regulating antioxidant capacity，and then delay the senescence of dark or leaf-age-dependent tomato leaves.

The plant-specific NAC（NAM，ATAF1/2，CUC2）transcription factors play important roles in regulating fruit quality. To explore the role of the NAC in the regulation of soluble sugars in peach （Prunus persica）fruit quality，a total of 117 potential peach NAC members（PpNAC）were identified with an uneven distribution across all eight chromosomes as well as a scaffold. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that these PpNAC were classified into 13 subgroups. The NAC gene PpNAC050 that is highly expressed during later fruit development were further characterized，and it was in nucleus with transcriptional activation. Transient overexpression of PpNAC050 in peach fruits significantly increased fructose content and glucose content in peach fruit flesh. EMSA and dual-luciferase assays showed that PpNAC050，being a transcriptional repressor，directly bound to the promoters of PpERDL6-1（PpERDL16），a vacuolar membrane monosaccharide transporter gene regulating fructose content，suggesting that PpNAC050 positively regulated fructose accumulation by repressing PpERDL6-1 gene expression.

In order to understand the function of DUF966 family genes（ZoDUF966）in ginger，the biological information method was used to systematically identify them. A total of 11 ZoDUF966 were identified and classified into groups a，b and c，including 5，4 and 2 members，respectively. All ZoDUF966 proteins were hydrophilic proteins and localized in the nucleus. Except for ZoDUF966_1b，ZoDUF966_3b and ZoDUF966_11a，the other 8 proteins were alkaline proteins. In the secondary structure of the protein，α-helix and random coil are dominant，and there are some differences in the tertiary structure. Eleven ZoDUF966 were distributed on six chromosomes，except for four and three genes on chromosomes 6 and 16，respectively，and only one gene on each of the other four chromosomes. The promoter sequence of ZoDUF966 contains cis-acting elements related to light response，stress，growth and development，and plant hormones. Gene expression analysis based on transcriptome sequencing data showed that the expression of ZoDUF966 was different in different growth periods，different tissues，biotic and abiotic stresses. Among them，ZoDUF966_6c responded to low temperature stress，and ZoDUF966_9b was highly up-regulated after inoculation with Fusarium solani. qRT-PCR results showed that ZoDUF966 responded to drought，flooding and salt stresses. Under drought stress，ZoDUF966_6c/10a/11a in roots and ZoDUF966_7a/11a in rhizomes were significantly up-regulated，while ZoDUF966_1b/4b and ZoDUF966_8a/1a in rhizomes were significantly down-regulated. Under salt stress，ZoDUF966_9b and ZoDUF966_7a were significantly up-regulated in roots，and ZoDUF966_5a was significantly down-regulated in roots. Under waterlogging stress，ZoDUF966_7a and ZoDUF966_10a were significantly up-regulated in rhizome，while ZoDUF966_1b in leaves and ZoDUF966_11a in roots were significantly down-regulated.

In order to study the response of GH3.17 gene to salt stress in strawberry，the evolutionary relationship and physicochemical properties of FaGH3.17 were analysed using bioinformatics，and the gene was cloned and subsequently subcellularly localised in tobacco and heterologously overexpressed in Arabidopsis to verify its function in salt stress. The results showed that FaGH3.17 is an acidic and unstable hydrophobic，non-secretory protein，and the analysis of the evolutionary relationship of species revealed that FaGH3.17 is the closest relative to Potentilla anserina. Subcellular localisation in tobacco revealed that FaGH3.17 was mainly localised in the nucleus and cell membrane. Heterologously overexpression analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that under salt stress，the conductivity，MDA and H₂O₂ content were higher than those of wild-type plants，which were elevated by 15.43%，42.97%，and 18.86%，respectively，whereas the Pro content，POD，SOD，and CAT activities were significantly lower than those of the wild-type plants，which were reduced by 13.28%，15.42%，14.22%，19.87%，respectively. And the relative expression of salt-responsive genes were all significantly reduced. It was shown that heterologous overexpression of FaGH3.17 significantly reduced the antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoregulatory substance contents in Arabidopsis，which predicts that GH3.17 may attenuate the salt tolerance of plants.

Improving soil structure of the paddy-upland rotation is an important measure to enhance the efficiency of soil nutrient supply for winter potatoes. In this study，an investigation was undertaken to explore the comprehensive effects of peat soil（PS）and mushroom residue（MR）short-term application on the soil physicochemical properties and nutrient composition of paddy soils，using the potato cultivar ‘Favorita’as the experimental material. High-throughput amplicon sequencing was utilized to clarify the impact of soil improvement treatments on the structure and function of the root-associated microbiome. Results showed that PS and MR treatments have altered the proportionate distribution of soil aggregates to a certain extent；both treatments also significantly increased soil organic matter content，as well as the levels of available phosphorus and potassium. The soil improvement treatments also enhanced the diversity of the rhizosphere microbial community，with Proteobacteria，Actinobacteria，Bacteroidetes，and Firmicutes being the dominant phyla in both rhizosphere and endophytic regions. Principal coordinate analysis（PCoA）results showed that，compared to bacterial communities，fungal community compositions were relatively stable，and less impact on changes induced by soil amendments. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that PS treatment resulted in tighter node connections and a more prominent network modularity tendency，especially among the endophytic compartment. Canonical Correspondence Analysis （CCA）indicated that soil organic carbon（TOC）and total nitrogen（TN）significantly influenced the composition of both bacterial and fungal communities. Considering the potato yield results under the combined soil improvement treatments，peat soil amendment appears to be more suitable for the amelioration of paddy field soils and has potential for application.