Reviews

• Pollen-pistil Interaction in Sexual Reproduction in Higher Plants
• ZHANG Saihang, WEI Zhanlin, MA Ling
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 1813-1829. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0960
• Abstract ( 312 ) HTML ( 256 ) PDF (1606KB) ( 256 ) 　　　

• Pollen-pistil interaction plays an important role in evolutionary process of species by influencing pollen affinity and serving as reproductive barriers，which determines the reproductive mode of higher plants. Therefore，on the one hand，cloning of male or female recognition factors is the basis of in-depth understanding of plant reproduction mode，which is of great significance for the analysis of the evolutionary mechanism of species. On the other hand，for crop breeding practices that rely extensively on selfing or hybridization，in-depth analysis of the function and mechanism of male or female recognition factors is also of great breeding value. In this review，the current research progress of pollen-pistil interaction factors were summarized systematically，especially in Arabidopsis thaliana，tomato，torenia and other model crops for pollen-pistil recognition research. The structure of pollen and pollen tube，and the S-locus，which determines self-incompatibility，are firstly introduced. Then，according to the sequence of pollen tube extension on female organs，stigma，style and ovule were introduced，and the correlation and uncorrelation between self-incompatibility and cross-incompatibility were introduced in detail. Finally，the research focus of pollen-pistil interaction was prospected.

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• Research Progresses on Plant Xanthophyll Esterification
• WANG Shujie, LUAN Yuting, XU Changjie
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 1830-1840. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0311
• Abstract ( 217 ) HTML ( 114 ) PDF (886KB) ( 114 ) 　　　

• This review introduced the diversity of xanthophyll esters，the degree of xanthophyll esterification in common horticultural products as affected by species and varieties，tissue types，and developmental stages. After that，isolation and characteristics of esterification genes in plants，as well as the effects of esterification on plastid development and carotenoid accumulation were summarized. Finally，prospects for future research were proposed.

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• Research Progress of m⁶A Methylation Modification Response to Plant Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
• ZHANG Pan, YU Yongxu, CAO Linggai, ZHU Guangbing, WU Wei, GUO Yushuang, YIN Guoying, JIA Meng’ao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 1841-1853. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0862
• Abstract ( 191 ) HTML ( 143 ) PDF (768KB) ( 143 ) 　　　

• N⁶-methyladenosine（m⁶A）RNA methylation is an important post-transcriptional epigenetic modification to enrich and regulate genetic information in eukaryotes. As a dynamic and reversible process，m⁶A modification is regulated by the methyltransferases（writers），demethylases（erasers），and recognition proteins（readers）. In this review，The research achievements of m⁶A methylation modification were summarized in plant biotic and abiotic stresses. The research hotspots of m⁶A methylation modification concerning the stress responses were also discussed. All of this could provide new insights about the underlying mechanisms of m⁶A modifications in regulating plant stress responses.

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• Progress in the Study of the Association of Polyploidy with New Plant Phenotypes
• PEI Yun, YU Xiaqing, ZHAO Xiaokun, ZHANG Wanping, CHEN Jinfeng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 1854-1866. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0708
• Abstract ( 226 ) HTML ( 240 ) PDF (790KB) ( 240 ) 　　　

• The relationship between whole genome duplications（WGD）and new plant phenotypes（morphological organ“gigantism”，flowering stage variation，increased secondary metabolites，optimization of agronomic traits，enhanced stress tolerance，etc.）reviewed and discussed systematically and their contribution to evolution and differentiation，and provide prospects for future polyploidy research，which will be helpful by offering important references for innovative research on polyploid plant evolution and molecular breeding of new polyploid crops.

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• Research Progress on the Cytokinin Type-A Response Regulator Gene Family
• LU Jing, WEI Suyun, YIN Tongming, CHEN Yingnan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 1867-1888. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0681
• Abstract ( 158 ) HTML ( 65 ) PDF (1288KB) ( 65 ) 　　　

• Type-A response regulators（RRs）are the terminal components of cytokinin signal transduction pathway merely possessing the REC receiving domain.Type-A RRs not only involve in regulating plant growth and development，but also regulating response to abiotic stresses.In this paper，the different aspects of recent studies on gene identification，gene evolutionary relationship，gene expression，and functional characteristics of type-A RRs in herbaceous and woody plants have been reviewed.In addition，the potential regulatory network of type-A RR genes were summarized.This review provided useful information for better understanding the mechanisms by which type-A RRs negatively regulate cytokinin signaling.

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• Research Advances in ABA-mediated Fruit Ripening
• ZHANG Yin, HU Luyan, WANG Shuming, JING Danlong, GUO Qigao, LIANG Guolu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 1889-1898. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2023-0288
• Abstract ( 341 ) HTML ( 290 ) PDF (1565KB) ( 290 ) 　　　

• Fruit ripening has always been the focus of horticultural plant research. Plant hormone abscisic acid（ABA）plays an irreplaceable role in fruit ripening. This review summarizes the recent advances in the regulation of ABA on fruit ripening，providing reference for further improvement of the regulation network of fruit ripening.

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• Recent Advances in the Biosynthesis，Recycling and Regulation of Ascorbic Acid in Fruit
• HE Yizhong, PANG Yao, SUN Haoqian, LI Xinyu, WANG Zhenhao, QIAN Wei, ZHANG Yin, HE Fa, YIN Hang, LAI Hengxin, CHUN Changpin, FU Xingzheng, PENG Liangzhi
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 1899-1915. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0490
• Abstract ( 172 ) HTML ( 134 ) PDF (2081KB) ( 134 ) 　　　

• The biological function，biosynthesis and accumulation characteristics of ascorbic acid（AsA or vitamin C）in fruit germplasm were summarized. It addresses such questions as the both genetic and environmental factors that affect its accumulation，such as sugars，hormones，light，and temperature. This study elaborates the regulatory mechanism of AsA biosynthesis and recycling by the transcription factors，microRNAs，DNA methylation and post-translational patterns. The goal is to provide a reference for the formation of fruit AsA in the future.

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• Progress of Application on Controlled Atmosphere Preservation Technology in Kiwifruit Storage and Preservation
• HE Bin, XU Qinchao, JI Xiaomei, WANG Xiaoling, ZHANG Wendong, CHENG Yunjiang, ZENG Yunliu
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 1916-1928. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0579
• Abstract ( 227 ) HTML ( 155 ) PDF (867KB) ( 155 ) 　　　

• Controlled atmosphere（CA）storage is an efficient fresh-keeping technology that can significantly prolong the storage life and shelf life of kiwifruit and other fruits and vegetables by changing the gas composition. However，due to the problems of expensive CA equipment，complex management technologies，lagging research on equipment and parameters，and excessive competition in the market，the CA technology has not been widely and effectively applied in the fresh-keeping of fruits and vegetables in China. Therefore，taking kiwifruit as an example，this paper summarized the influence of CA storage on regulation of fruit quality，detailed parameters when manipulated CA storage，the application of CA storage technology during kiwifruit storage. This review will provide guidance for the development and application of CA technology for kiwifruit and other horticultural products.

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• A Review of Inflorescence Development and Formation Mechanism of Loquat
• ZHANG Yue, ZHANG Yunchun, DANG Jiangbo, LIN Shoukai, WU Di, JING Danlong, GUO Qigao, LIANG Guolu, XIANG Suqiong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 1929-1943. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0972
• Abstract ( 283 ) HTML ( 132 ) PDF (852KB) ( 132 ) 　　　

• The production of flowery panicles of loquat requires a lot of artificial flower and fruit thinning and sacking，which greatly increases the production cost. Therefore，the study of loquat inflorescence characteristics and the exploration of structure of inflorescence which is convenient for production are the important basis for high yield，high quality and low consumption of loquat industry. This paper reviewed the development and evolution of loquat inflorescence，the regulation of genes related to flowering and inflorescence formation，and the effects of the internal and external factors on loquat inflorescence formation. And further put forward the existing problems and research prospects，in order to provide a reference for the subsequent research on the formation mechanism of loquat inflorescence and lay a foundation for the study of good loquat inflorescence cultivars.

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• Recent Advances in Postharvest Technologies to Extend the Shelf Life of Blueberries
• DING Jie, LIU Chunyan, HUANG Peng, LI Hongying, CHEN Liwei, PU Xiaoyan, LIU Yaowen, QIN Wen
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 1944-1958. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0748
• Abstract ( 201 ) HTML ( 124 ) PDF (810KB) ( 124 ) 　　　

• The post-harvest quality of fresh blueberries is limited by objective factors such as temperature during the picking season and marketing and storage conditions. This paper explores the main causes of post harvest quality deterioration of blueberries；collects the latest information related to post harvest shelf-life extension and storage quality improvement of blueberries，and reviews the three types of post harvest treatment technologies，namely chemical，physical and biological，at home and abroad. In the future，post harvest physiopathology and preservation techniques should be studied in depth at the cellular and molecular levels. And on this basis，a variety of fresh-keeping technologies are used to reduce moisture residue and mechanical damage in the post-harvest treatment process，so as to maintain good visual appearance and internal quality of blueberries throughout the shelf life.

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• Advances in Aroma Compounds Biosynthesis of Strawberry Fruit
• LIU Jinying, KONG Lingxi, WANG Weihao, QIN Guozheng, WANG Yuying
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 1959-1970. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0697
• Abstract ( 280 ) HTML ( 183 ) PDF (758KB) ( 183 ) 　　　

• Strawberry aroma is one of the important factors contributing to their quality. Strawberry aroma is composed of complex combinations of volatile，such as esters，aldehydes，ketones，alcohols，terpenoids，furanone and sulfur-containing compounds. Among them，furanone，methyl butyrate，ethyl caproate，γ-decalactone，and linalool and nerolidol represent the most important aroma compounds of strawberry. This review aims to describe the recent advances in understanding aroma biosynthesis in strawberry fruit，including the aroma composition，biosynthetic pathways，key regulatory genes，as well as the major factors affecting the aroma quality. Finally，an outlook on the future research trends of strawberry aroma is provided.

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• Research Progress in Coloration Mechanism of Brassica Plants
• TIAN Mixia, ZHOU Fuhui, JIANG Aili, ZHU Pengfang, CHEN Chen, LIU Chenghui, YUAN Chang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 1971-1986. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0750
• Abstract ( 117 ) HTML ( 90 ) PDF (1812KB) ( 90 ) 　　　

• This article focused on the effects of key genes in the metabolic pathways of chlorophyll，carotenoids and anthocyanins，as well as genes related to the plastid，photosynthetic system and miRNA on the color of Brassica plants. The regulatory mechanisms of transcription factors，plant hormones and the environment on these genes were reviewed，and the existing problems of the research were discussed.

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• Research Progress on the Resting Spore and Zoospore of Plasmodiophora brassicae
• PENG Yulong, SUN Xiaofang, WANG Shuangshuang, HAN Chang, LIU Ting, HUANG Yun
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 1987-1996. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0610
• Abstract ( 146 ) HTML ( 50 ) PDF (1009KB) ( 50 ) 　　　

• Clubroot，caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae，is an important disease of cruciferous crops. Zoospores and resting spores play vital roles in the infection process of P. brassicae. This review summarized research progresses on the behavior and the role of primary and secondary zoospores in different infection stages，analyzed research breakthroughs on the formation，the maturation，the release，the soil survival，the germination，the distribution，the dissemination and the assessment technologies of resting spores，and discussed future perspectives of P. brassicae research，aiming to provide references to further elucidation on the pathogenesis of P. brassicae and the disease cycle of clubroot.

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• Advances in Research on Improving Tomato Disease Resistance and Stress Resistance by Grafting Technology
• WEI Jianming, LI Yunzhou, LIANG Yan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 1997-2014. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0569
• Abstract ( 230 ) HTML ( 141 ) PDF (930KB) ( 141 ) 　　　

• Grafting technology is one of the important methods to improve tomato（Solanum lycopersicum）resistance to disease and stress. This paper focuses on the types of tomato grafted rootstocks，the improvement of plant resistance to biotic stress（viruses，bacteria，fungi，root-knot nematodes，etc.），abiotic stress（flooding，drought，temperature and salt stress，etc.），improvement of fruit quality and its mechanism and other aspects to summarize，summarize the research progress of tomato grafting，in order to provide reference for the research and application of vegetable crops such as Solanaceae to improve plant disease resistance and stress resistance through grafting.

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• Research Progress on the Regulatory Mechanism of Shape Formation in Tomato Fruit
• JI Yajing, LI Jinyan, ZHANG Peiyu, MA Liqun, ZHU Hongliang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 2015-2030. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0786
• Abstract ( 233 ) HTML ( 224 ) PDF (1892KB) ( 224 ) 　　　

• Tomato is a model plant for fruit research. The study of fruit shape formation is helpful to understand the regulatory mechanisms of fruit morphogenesis. This review summarizes the progress of fruit shape formation in tomato from the aspects of QTL gene regulation，transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation，and plant hormones. This work contributes to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying tomato fruit shape formation，and provides new insights for tomato quality breeding.

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• Review on Transcriptional Regulation of Chlorophyll Metabolism Network in Tomato Fruits
• ZHANG Qiaoli, CHEN Di, SONG Yanping, ZHU Hongliang, LUO Yunbo, QU Guiqin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 2031-2047. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0110
• Abstract ( 169 ) HTML ( 145 ) PDF (3572KB) ( 145 ) 　　　

• The chlorophyll content of tomato（Solanum lycopersicum）fruit modulates many metabolic processes including sugar metabolism，and therefore affects the quality of ripe fruit. Chlorophyll content is largely regulated at the transcriptional level. In the current review，the synthesis and degradation process of chlorophyll was first introduced. The regulation mechanism of transcription factor families including BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN，MYB and ARF on genes related to chlorophyll metabolism（such as POR，SGR and CAB）in tomato fruits was reviewed. The interactions between different transcription factors and the regulatory network of chlorophyll metabolism in toamto fruits were also prospected.

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• Research Progress on the Mechanism of the Mushroom Formation in the Button Mushroom（Agaricus bisporus）Induced by Casing Soils
• ZHANG Chaohui, YAN Peng, ZHANG Guang, WEN Jinjin, WU Zhongwei, WANG Zhenhe, QIU Liyou
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 2048-2058. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0460
• Abstract ( 165 ) HTML ( 57 ) PDF (1399KB) ( 57 ) 　　　

• Casing soil is essential for the mushroom formation of Agaricus bisporus, which limits the efficient development of the mushroom industry. This paper reviews the research progress on the mechanisms of ethylene and 1-octen-3-ol on the casing-induced mushroom formation of Agaricus bisporus, including the synthesis and action mechanism of the volatile self-inhibitors for the mushroom formation, and prospects for future research directions.

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New Cultivars

• A New Pineapple Cultivar‘Yuetian’
• LIU Chuanhe, HE Han, SHAO Xuehua, LAI Duo, KUANG Shizi, XIAO Weiqiang, LIU Yan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 2059-2060. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0957
• Abstract ( 186 ) HTML ( 72 ) PDF (1395KB) ( 72 ) 　　　

• ‘Yuetian’is a new pineapple cultivar bred by artificial hybridization. The plant is relatively short and open. There are spines around the leaf margin. The fruit is short-cylindric shaped，with short stalk. The skin of the fruit is yellow when ripened. The fruit eyes are shallow. The color of flesh pulp is orange. And the pulp is sweet and juicy with less fiber. After being cultivated at different sites for a few years，it was observed that‘Yuetian’performed well with high and stable yield as well as cold- and drought-resistance. The fruits are suitable for fresh and processing.

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• A New Tomato Cultivar‘Ouxiu 816’
• ZAI Wenshan, XIONG Zili, MA Yanru, SHI Jianlei, ZHANG Haili
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 2061-2062. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0388
• Abstract ( 121 ) HTML ( 67 ) PDF (1027KB) ( 67 ) 　　　

• ‘Ouxiu 816’is a new tomato cultivar，which was bred from the hybrid of CY-2-4-2-1-1-1- 1-1 and FA13-1-1-1-1-1-2-1. It is infinitely growing and has vigorous growth potential. The fruit is oblate and red，with single fruit weight 189 g，easy to store and transport. The soluble solid content is 4.1%，lycopene is higher，and taste is sweet and sour. The yield is 98151 kg · hm^-2. The cultivar has higher resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus and gray leaf spot disease. It is suitable for autumn extension，overwintering and early spring protected cultivation.

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• New Okra Cultivar‘Wan Qiukui 8’with Storage Resistance
• YE Sihong, NI Ying, SUN Hui, LIU Fei, DENG Xiaonan, WAN Lingzhong, WU Juan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 2063-2064. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0060
• Abstract ( 112 ) HTML ( 45 ) PDF (1228KB) ( 45 ) 　　　

• ‘Wan Qiukui 8’is a new cultivar selected by genealogy from the variation single plant of ‘Japanese Green Star’. The fruit skin is dark green and bright，the average fresh fruit length is 14-16 cm，the fruit thickness is 18-22 mm，the average single fruit weight is 14.8 g，and the number of capsules per plant is 37.3. The yield of fresh fruit of the 2-year product is 29 390.4 kg · hm^-2，and compared with the control‘Wujiao’，the yield increased by 11.6%. The closed storage time of the refrigerator at 0-5 ℃ is 15-20 days，which is about 5 days longer than that of the general cultivars. It is suitable for popularization and planting in Anhui Province.

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• A New Cultivar of Ornamental Lotus‘Fugui Chunguang’
• REN Liping, SU Xiaohui, YU Linjie, LIU Bin, WAN Wenyang, CAO Xiaohan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 2065-2066. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0705
• Abstract ( 117 ) HTML ( 67 ) PDF (828KB) ( 67 ) 　　　

• The new cultivar of ornamental lotus‘Fugui Chunguang’is selected by artificial hybridization between‘Zhongmei Youyi Mudanlian’and‘Xinghuang’，which has double-petals，yellow-green and large plant type. The plant height is 68-78 cm，the vertical leaf height is 58-70 cm，and the stalk height is 68-74 cm under the condition of cylinder with the diameter of 50 cm. Single cylinder grows 7-8 flowers，flower diameter is 18-20 cm，the number of flower petals is 55-60. The flower bud is round peach-shaped，the flower state is disk-shaped，no lotus. Suitable for neutral soil cultivation in the Huanghuai and Yangtze River Basin.

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• A New Waterlily Cultivar‘Datang Feixia’
• WEI Qian, LI Shujuan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2023, 50(9): 2067-2068. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0394
• Abstract ( 116 ) HTML ( 70 ) PDF (908KB) ( 70 ) 　　　

• The new cultivar of waterlily‘Datang Feixia’was bred from the seedlings of mixed natural hybrid. It is a small and medium-sized plant with flower of bowl-shaped first，then cuplike，pink-white blooms fading to white on the last day of bloom with a pale pink flush on the petal tips. Blooms float on the water’s surface，flowers are fragrant and measure 10-14 cm in diameter with 35-40 petals and four sepals per bloom. Leaves are olive-green，blade margin entire，lobes closed，the average leaf area is 15.3 cm × 16.5 cm.‘Datang Feixia’is a hardy waterlily and can overwinter outdoors in the soil under the ice in the form of underground stem.

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