Progress in Functional Gene Research on Important Traits of Melons

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0936

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (8): 2208-2232.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0936

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Progress in Functional Gene Research on Important Traits of Melons

LI Xiao¹, YANG Qinrong¹, XIA Yuelin¹, WANG Chenhao¹, JIN Rongrong³, CAO Hong³, BO Yongming², ZHANG Mingfang¹, and LÜ Xiaolong¹^,^*()

¹ College of Agriculture and Biotechnology， Zhejiang University， Hangzhou 310058， China
² Ningbo Weimeng Seed Industry Co.， Ltd.，Ningbo， Zhejiang 315100， China
³ Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Harbin， 150029， China

Received:2025-02-05 Revised:2025-06-04 Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-08-19
Contact: and LÜ Xiaolong

Abstract

Abstract:

This article systematically reviews and summarizes research progress on the melon genome，including genes that control important agronomic traits such as plant development，disease resistance，yield，quality，and stress tolerance. It also covers the application of molecular breeding techniques in the functional analysis of key traits in melons. The goal is to provide a reference for the future application and development of molecular breeding technologies in melons.

Key words: melon, key functional genes, review

LI Xiao, YANG Qinrong, XIA Yuelin, WANG Chenhao, JIN Rongrong, CAO Hong, BO Yongming, ZHANG Mingfang, and LÜ Xiaolong. Progress in Functional Gene Research on Important Traits of Melons[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(8): 2208-2232.

Figures/Tables 8

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品种名 Accession	亚种 Group	基因组全长/Mb Total length	序列N50长度/Mb Contig N50	基因数 No. of genes	完整度评估/% Completeness	参考文献 References
DHL92	ssp. melo × ssp. agrestis	375	0.72	29 980	88.30	Ruggieri et al.,2018
Payzawat	ssp. melo	386	2.86	22 924	92.78	Zhang et al.,2019
Harukei-3	ssp. melo	366	8.60	33 829	95.30	Yano et al.,2020
HS	ssp. agrestis	366	3.45	28 898	91.80	Yang et al.,2020a
IVF77	ssp. agrestis	360	0.49	27 073	88.44	Ling et al.,2021
Tam Dew	ssp. melo	367	3.40	28 256	96.00	Oren et al.,2023
Dulce	ssp. melo	365	7.10	28 203	96.00	Oren et al.,2023
Charmono	ssp. melo	366	6.80	31 348	96.40	Pichot et al.,2022
Kuizilikjiz	ssp. melo	378	31.70	32 693	98.60	Wei et al.,2023
821_Hap1	ssp. melo	373	10.26	27 685	95.30	Li et al.,2023a
821_Hap2	ssp. melo	364	11.86	27 258	95.00	Li et al.,2023a
Mapao	ssp. agrestis	392	12.12	21 192	97.82	Lyu et al.,2023
PI511890	ssp. agrestis	364	31.00	31 556	98.7	Mo et al.,2024
P84	ssp. agrestis	380	14.93	24 499	98.70	Chen et al.,2024

品种名 Accession	亚种 Group	基因组全长/Mb Total length	序列N50长度/Mb Contig N50	基因数 No. of genes	完整度评估/% Completeness	参考文献 References
DHL92	ssp. melo × ssp. agrestis	375	0.72	29 980	88.30	Ruggieri et al.,2018
Payzawat	ssp. melo	386	2.86	22 924	92.78	Zhang et al.,2019
Harukei-3	ssp. melo	366	8.60	33 829	95.30	Yano et al.,2020
HS	ssp. agrestis	366	3.45	28 898	91.80	Yang et al.,2020a
IVF77	ssp. agrestis	360	0.49	27 073	88.44	Ling et al.,2021
Tam Dew	ssp. melo	367	3.40	28 256	96.00	Oren et al.,2023
Dulce	ssp. melo	365	7.10	28 203	96.00	Oren et al.,2023
Charmono	ssp. melo	366	6.80	31 348	96.40	Pichot et al.,2022
Kuizilikjiz	ssp. melo	378	31.70	32 693	98.60	Wei et al.,2023
821_Hap1	ssp. melo	373	10.26	27 685	95.30	Li et al.,2023a
821_Hap2	ssp. melo	364	11.86	27 258	95.00	Li et al.,2023a
Mapao	ssp. agrestis	392	12.12	21 192	97.82	Lyu et al.,2023
PI511890	ssp. agrestis	364	31.00	31 556	98.7	Mo et al.,2024
P84	ssp. agrestis	380	14.93	24 499	98.70	Chen et al.,2024

性状 Trait	表型 Phenotype	遗传方式 Genetic method	候选功能基因 Candidate functional gene	基因编号 Gene ID	参考文献 Reference
植株结构 Plant structure	短节间Short internode	单隐性Single recessive	CmSI	MELO3C016916	Yang et al.,2020b
	全雄株Androecy	单隐性Single recessive	CmACS11	MELO3C010779	Boualem et al.,2015
	完全株Hermaphrodite	单隐性Single recessive	CmEIN3	Cmc02g0042081	Rashid et al.,2023
	完全株Hermaphrodite	单隐性Single recessive	CmEIL1	Cmc03g0073661	Rashid et al.,2023
雄性不育 Male sterility	雄性不育Male sterility	单隐性Single recessive	Ms-5/AMS	MELO3C021654	Sheng et al.,2017

性状 Trait	表型 Phenotype	遗传方式 Genetic method	候选功能基因 Candidate functional gene	基因编号 Gene ID	参考文献 Reference
植株结构 Plant structure	短节间Short internode	单隐性Single recessive	CmSI	MELO3C016916	Yang et al.,2020b
	全雄株Androecy	单隐性Single recessive	CmACS11	MELO3C010779	Boualem et al.,2015
	完全株Hermaphrodite	单隐性Single recessive	CmEIN3	Cmc02g0042081	Rashid et al.,2023
	完全株Hermaphrodite	单隐性Single recessive	CmEIL1	Cmc03g0073661	Rashid et al.,2023
雄性不育 Male sterility	雄性不育Male sterility	单隐性Single recessive	Ms-5/AMS	MELO3C021654	Sheng et al.,2017

性状 Trait	表型 Phenotype	遗传方式 Genetic method	候选功能基因 Candidate functional gene	基因编号 Gene ID	参考文献 Reference
分枝能力 Branching	多侧枝More branches	数量性状Quantitative trait	CmSVPc	MELO3C018601	Fang et al.,2023
性型分化 Floral sex type	雄全同株Andromonoecy	单隐性Single recessive	CmACS-7	MELO3C015444	Kenigsbuch &Cohen,1990；Boualem et al.,2008
	全雌株Gynoecy	单隐性Single recessive	CmWIP1	MELO3C000454	Kenigsbuch & Cohen,1990；Martin et al.,2009
	全雄株Androecy	单隐性Single recessive	CmCRC	Cmc10g0266651	Zhang et al.,2022c
	雄全同株Andromonoecy	单隐性Single recessive	CmHB40	MELO3C007809	Rashid et al.,2023
	完全株Hermaphrodite	单隐性Single recessive	CmCPR5	MELO3C007802	Wang et al.,2022c

Progress in Functional Gene Research on Important Traits of Melons

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性状 Trait	表型 Phenotype	遗传方式 Genetic method	候选功能基因 Candidate functional gene	基因编号 Gene ID	参考文献 Reference
果实大小 Fruit size	大果 Big fruit	数量性状Quantitative trait		MELO3C007596	Zhao et al.,2019a
		数量性状Quantitative trait		MELO3C007597	Zhao et al.,2019a
		数量性状Quantitative trait	Cm-HMGR	MELO3C026512	Zhao et al.,2019a
		数量性状Quantitative trait		MELO3C014402	Pereira et al.,2018
		数量性状Quantitative trait		MELO3C007596	Zhao et al.,2019a
		数量性状Quantitative trait		MELO3C007597	Zhao et al.,2019a
		数量性状Quantitative trait	Cm-HMGR	MELO3C026512	Zhao et al.,2019a
		数量性状Quantitative trait		MELO3C025758	Lian et al.,2021
		数量性状Quantitative trait		MELO3C004493	Lian et al.,2021
		数量性状Quantitative trait		MELO_Chr02G13770	Lyu et al.,2023
	斑纹Mottled	单显性Single dominant	CmMt1/CmAPRR2	MELO3C003375	Oren et al.,2019； Shen et al.,2021
	斑纹Mottled	单显性Single dominant	CmMt2	MELO3C026282	Shen et al.,2021
	黄色果皮Yellow rind	单显性Single dominant	CmKFB	MELO3C011980	Tadmor et al.,2010； Feder et al.,2015
	绿色果皮Green rind	单显性Single dominant	CmAPRR2	MELO3C003375	Oren et al.,2019； Zhao et al.,2019a
	黄，绿，白色果皮均有 Yellow，green，white rind	数量性状Quantitative trait		MELO3C003097	Zhao et al.,2019a
	网纹Netted	单显性Single dominant	CmSN	MELO3C010288	Liang et al.,2023
	果皮缝合线 Rind suture	单隐性 Single recessive		MELO3C019694	Zhao et al.,2019a； Perin et al.,2002
果肉 Flesh color	绿肉Green flesh	单隐性Single recessive	Gf/CmOr	MELO3C005449	Tzuri et al.,2015
	白肉White flesh	单隐性Single recessive	Wf/CmPPR1	MELO3C003069-70	Galpaz et al.,2018
	白肉White flesh	单隐性Single recessive	Wf	MELO3C003097	Zhao et al.,2019a
	绿肉Green flesh	数量性状Quantitative trait	CmAPRR2	MELO3C003375	Oren et al.,2020
	非呼吸跃变型 Non-climacteric	数量性状Quantitative trait	CmCTR1	MELO3C024518	Pereira et al.,2020
果实风味 Fruit flavor	苦味Bitterness	数量性状Quantitative trait	CmBi	Melo3C022374	Zhou et al.,2016； Zhao et al.,2019a
	苦味Bitterness	数量性状Quantitative trait	CmBt	Melo3C005611	Zhou et al.,2016； Zhao et al.,2019a
	酸味Sourness	单显性 Single dominant	CmPH	MELO3C025264	Cohen et al.,2014
	蔗糖Sucrose	数量性状 Quantitative trait	CmMYB113	MELO3C013364	Gao et al.,2021
		数量性状 Quantitative trait	CmMYB44	MELO3C016789	Gao et al.,2023
		数量性状 Quantitative trait	CmERFI-2	MELO3C002624	Gao et al.,2023
		数量性状 Quantitative trait	CmGH3N	MELO_Chr02G06050	Lyu et al.,2023
	香气Aroma	数量性状 Quantitative trait	CmATT1	MELO3C024766	Liu et al.,2020a
		数量性状 Quantitative trait	CmATT2	MELO3C024766	Liu et al.,2020a
		数量性状 Quantitative trait	CmThAT1	MELO3C026065	Galpaz et al.,2018
种子颜色 Seed coat color	白色White seed	单显性 Single dominant	CmSC1	MELO3C014406	马建 et al.,2021
种子颜色 Seed coat color	黄色Yellow seed	单显性 Single dominant	CmBS-1	MELO3C019554	Hu et al.,2022

性状 Trait	表型 Phenotype	遗传方式 Genetic method	候选功能基因 Candidate functional gene	基因编号 Gene ID	参考文献 Reference
果实形状 Fruit shape	长果Oblong	数量性状Quantitative trait	CmACS-7	MELO3C015444	Perin et al.,2002； Boualem et al.,2008； Abdelmohsin ME,2008
	五心室 Pentamerous ovary	单隐性Single recessive	CmCLV3	MELO3C035640	Perin et al.,2002； Liu et al.,2020a
	长果Oblong	数量性状Quantitative trait	CmSUN23-24	MELO3C006884	Ma et al.,2022b
	长果Oblong	数量性状Quantitative trait	CmSUN25-26-27c	MELO3C013004	Ma et al.,2022b
	长果Oblong	不完全显性 Incompletely dominant	CmFSI8/CmOFP13	MELO3C025208	Ma et al.,2022a
果实果皮 Fruit rind pattern	绿色条纹 Green stripe	数量性状Quantitative trait	CmMYC2-like	MELO3C003412	Liu et al.,2019； Lyu et al.,2023
果实成熟 Fruit ripening	呼吸跃变型 Climacteric	数量性状Quantitative trait	CmNAC-NOR	MELO3C016540	Rios et al.,2017
果实成熟 Fruit ripening	非呼吸跃变型 Non-climacteric	数量性状Quantitative trait	CmROS1	MELO3C024516	Pereira et al.,2020

病害 Disease	生理小种 Race	遗传规律 Genetic law	基因代号 Symbol	染色体 Chromosome	候选基因 Candidate gene	参考文献 Reference
	生理小种2F Race 2F	显性上位基因 epistatic dominant	Pm2.1	2	MELO3C015353 MELO3C015354	Cui et al.,2020
	-	隐性基因 Recessive gene	pm12.1	12	MELO3C002439 MELO3C002440 MELO3C002442
霜霉病 Downy mildew	-	-	DM9.1	9	-	Zhang et al.,2023b
	交配型A1 Clade2，mating type A1	-	qPcub-10.3-10.4 qPcub-8.3	10	-	Toporek et al.,2023
	交配型A2 Clade1，mating type A2	-	qPcub-10.1	10	MELO3C012438	Toporek et al.,2021
	-	隐性基因 Recessive gene	qR-2-2-1	9	-	张学军 et al.,2016a
	-	隐性基因 Recessive gene	DM0231	-	-	张学军 et al.,2016b
	生理小种3 Race 3	不完全显性基因 Incompletely dominant gene	Pc-1 Pc-2	-	-	Cohen & Eyal,1987；Thomas et al.,1988
蔓枯病 Gummy stem blight	-	显性基因 Dominant gene	-	4	MELO03C012987	Hu et al.,2018
蔓枯病 Gummy stem blight	-	显性基因 Dominant gene	Gsb-7(t)	7	MELO3C010403	Ma et al.,2023
枯萎病 Fusarium wilt	生理小种0，生理小种2 Race 0，Race 2	显性基因 Dominant gene	Fom-1	-	-	Risser et al.,1976
	生理小种0，生理小种1 Race 0，Race 1	显性基因 Dominant gene	Fom-2	-	-
	生理小种2 Race 2	显性基因 Dominant gene	Fom-3	-	-	Zink & Gubler,1985
	生理小种0，生理小种2 Race 0，Race 2	隐性基因 Recessive gene	Fom-4	-	-	Oumouloud et al.,2010
	生理小种2 Race 2	-	Fom-1	9	MELO3C022146	Oumouloud et al.,2015
	生理小种1 Race 1	-	Fom-2	11	MELO3C021831	Branham et al.,2018
	-	显性基因 Dominant gene	Fom-5	5	-	Deol et al.,2022
叶枯病 Alternaria leaf blight	-	显性基因 Dominant gene	Ac	-	-	Thomas,1990
叶枯病 Alternaria leaf blight	-	-	qALB-10 qALB-12	10and12	-	Daley et al.,2017
细菌性果斑病 BFB		显性基因 Dominant gene	-	9	MELO3C022157	Islam et al.,2020
新德里番茄曲叶病毒ToLCNDV		-	CmARP4CmNAC	11	-	Román et al.,2019
害虫 Pest		-	Vat	5	-	Boissot et al.,2010

病害 Disease	生理小种 Race	遗传规律 Genetic law	基因代号 Symbol	染色体 Chromosome	候选基因 Candidate gene	参考文献 Reference
白粉病 powdery mildew	生理小种1 Race 1	显性上位基因 epistatic dominant	CmPMRl	12	MELO3C002441	Cui et al.,2022
		隐性基因 Recessive gene	CmPMrs	10	MELO3C012438
	-	隐性基因 Recessive gene	pm12.1	12	MELO3C002438
	交配型A2 Clade1，mating type A2	-	qPcub-10.1	10	MELO3C012438	Toporek et al.,2021
	-	隐性基因 Recessive gene	-	9	MELO3C022157	Hassan et al.,2018
黄瓜花叶病毒 CMV		隐性基因 Recessive gene	cmv1	12	MELO3C004827	Essafi et al.,2009； Guiu-Aragonés et al.,2015；Giner et al.,2017

逆境 Stress	基因代号 Symbol	染色体 Chromosome	候选基因 Candidate gene	功能注释 Annotation	参考文献 Reference
低温 Cold/Chilling	CMCT505_Chr.1	1	-	-	Hou et al.,2018
	qCⅡ_21-1	2	-	-	王艳玲,2019
	qCⅡ_111-1	11
	qCⅡ_111-2	11
	qCⅡ_111-3	11
	qCⅡ_111-4	11
盐渍 Salt	CmEAF7	-	MELO3C012147.2	核小体乙酰转移酶NuA4A亚基Nucleosome acetyltransferase NuA4A subunit	Li et al.,2023
	CmRR6	-	MELO3C012470.2	反应调节因子家族基因 Response regulator family gene	Li et al.,2024
	CmPRR3	-	MELO3C003075.2	反应调节因子家族基因 Response regulator family gene
	CmNHX1	-	-	液泡Na⁺ /H⁺逆向转运蛋白 Vacuolar Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter	Wang et al.,2011
	JZ477011	-	-	NAC家族基因NAC family gene	Wei et al.,2014
	CmNAC14	-	MELO3C010632	NAC家族基因NAC family gene	Wei et al.,2016
	CmRAV1	-	MELO3C003002	APETALA2/乙烯响应元件结合蛋白APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element binding protein	Zhao et al.,2019b
	CmCML13	-	-	钙调素样蛋白 Calmodulin-like protein	Yang et al.,2020a
	CmMYB1	-	-	MYB转录因子家族基因 MYB transcription factor family gene	Zhang et al.,2021
干旱 Drought	CmLOX10 CmCADs	5 -	-	脂肪氧合酶基因 Lipoxygenase gene	Xing et al.,2020
干旱 Drought	CmLOX10 CmCADs	5 -		肉桂醇脱氢酶基因 Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene	Liu et al.,2020b,2021
化感自毒Autotoxicity	CmMYB2R40 CmMYB2R54	4	-	MYB转录因子家族基因 MYB transcription factor family gene	Zhang et al.,2022c
硫的毒性 Sulfur Phytotoxicity	-	1	MELO3C02424	分选连接蛋白13 Sorting nexin 13	Branham et al.,2020

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