Characteristic Analysis of Aroma Components in Interspecific Hybrids of Cymbidium

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0471

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (4): 897-907.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0471

• Genetic & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Biology • Previous Articles Next Articles

Characteristic Analysis of Aroma Components in Interspecific Hybrids of Cymbidium

WANG Jin¹, GAO Li², HE Hongyu³, TU Xunliang¹, JIANG Yu¹^,^*()

¹ Institute of Horticulture，Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Chengdu 610000，China
² Institute of Agrocultural Products Processing，Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Chengdu 610000，China
³ Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Chengdu 610000，China

Received:2025-02-05 Revised:2025-03-17 Online:2025-05-08 Published:2025-04-25
Contact: JIANG Yu

Abstract

Abstract:

Two hybrid progenies，O1 and O2，screened from Cymbidium georingii‘Songmei’（female）and C. sinense‘Cuiyu’（male），were evaluated. The floral morphological indicators were determined. Besides，headspace solid-phase microextraction（HS-SPME）combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）was used to determine the volatile components. Results showed that morphological indicators，such as main petal width，hold flap width，side petal width，and the number of inflorescence of hybrid progenies，were more similar to those of the female parent. On the contrary，traits like scape color，flower color，tongue color，and petal stripes of hybrid progenies were more similar to those of the male parent. Thirty-eight components were identified and sorted into eight major compounds based on their chemical structures：alcohols，terpenoids，esters，alkanes，aldehydes，ketones，alkanes，and acids. Compared with the male parent，the relative contents of common components of progenies significantly reduced，and the aroma substances showed specificity. The O1 had a fruity and green odor，with aldehydes as the main aroma-influencing substances；in contrast，O2 had a higher diversity of fragrance components，with a green odor characterized mainly by alcohol. Based on the characteristics of the components，terpenoids，alcohols，and ketones were critical aroma components of Chinese orchids，with methyl heptenone being a fundamental fragrance substance. The types and content of volatile components determine the material basis of the fragrance of Chinese orchids，and hybrids with unique fragrance types can be bred through hybridization.

Key words: Cymbidium, Chinese orchid, floral scent, volatile compounds

WANG Jin, GAO Li, HE Hongyu, TU Xunliang, JIANG Yu. Characteristic Analysis of Aroma Components in Interspecific Hybrids of Cymbidium[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(4): 897-907.

Figures/Tables 8

References 30

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样本 Sample	形态指标Morphological indices
样本 Sample	一箭着花数 Number of inflorescence	花莛颜色 Scape color	花色 Flower color	舌色 Tongue color	花瓣是否有红色条纹Whether the petals have red stripes
墨兰‘翠玉’ Cymbidium sinense‘Cuiyu’	6 ± 2 a	青红 Cyanine red	紫红色 Violet red	长舌，外卷，黄色，有红斑点、斑块 Long tongue，curling outward，yellow，with red spots and plaques	是 Yes
春兰‘宋梅’ C. georingii‘Songmei’	1 b	绿 Green	绿 Green	圆舌，白色，有红斑点 Round tongue，white，with red spots	否 No
杂交兰O1 Hybrid orchid O1	3 ± 1 b	红 Red	红 Red	长舌，外卷，黄色，有红斑点 Long tongue，curling outward，yellow，with red spots	是 Yes
杂交兰O2 Hybrid orchid O2	2 ± 1 b	红 Red	红 Red	圆长舌，外卷，黄色，有红色斑块 Long round tongue，curling outward，yellow，with red plaques	是 Yes

样本 Sample	形态指标Morphological indices
样本 Sample	一箭着花数 Number of inflorescence	花莛颜色 Scape color	花色 Flower color	舌色 Tongue color	花瓣是否有红色条纹Whether the petals have red stripes
墨兰‘翠玉’ Cymbidium sinense‘Cuiyu’	6 ± 2 a	青红 Cyanine red	紫红色 Violet red	长舌，外卷，黄色，有红斑点、斑块 Long tongue，curling outward，yellow，with red spots and plaques	是 Yes
春兰‘宋梅’ C. georingii‘Songmei’	1 b	绿 Green	绿 Green	圆舌，白色，有红斑点 Round tongue，white，with red spots	否 No
杂交兰O1 Hybrid orchid O1	3 ± 1 b	红 Red	红 Red	长舌，外卷，黄色，有红斑点 Long tongue，curling outward，yellow，with red spots	是 Yes
杂交兰O2 Hybrid orchid O2	2 ± 1 b	红 Red	红 Red	圆长舌，外卷，黄色，有红色斑块 Long round tongue，curling outward，yellow，with red plaques	是 Yes

样本 Sample	相对含量/% Relative content
样本 Sample	萜烯类 Terpenoids	醇类 Alcohols	酯类 Esters	醛类 Aldehydes	酮类 Ketones	酸类 Acids	烷烃类 Alkanes	其他 Others
墨兰‘翠玉’Cymbidium sinense‘Cuiyu’	24.37	12.94	4.99	—	18.98	0.28	15.92	22.52
春兰‘宋梅’C. georingii‘Songmei’	14.08	65.20	3.18	—	2.41	0.82	3.09	11.23
杂交兰O1 Hybrid orchid O1	8.28	28.98	—	41.83	17.71	—	0.67	2.52
杂交兰O2 Hybrid orchid O2	28.11	49.59	—	1.16	10.44	—	4.76	5.96

样本 Sample	相对含量/% Relative content
样本 Sample	萜烯类 Terpenoids	醇类 Alcohols	酯类 Esters	醛类 Aldehydes	酮类 Ketones	酸类 Acids	烷烃类 Alkanes	其他 Others
墨兰‘翠玉’Cymbidium sinense‘Cuiyu’	24.37	12.94	4.99	—	18.98	0.28	15.92	22.52
春兰‘宋梅’C. georingii‘Songmei’	14.08	65.20	3.18	—	2.41	0.82	3.09	11.23
杂交兰O1 Hybrid orchid O1	8.28	28.98	—	41.83	17.71	—	0.67	2.52
杂交兰O2 Hybrid orchid O2	28.11	49.59	—	1.16	10.44	—	4.76	5.96

挥发性成分 Volatile components		相对含量/% Relative content
分类 Classification	组分 Components	墨兰‘翠玉’ Cymbidium sinens ‘Cuiyu’	春兰‘宋梅’ C. georingi ‘Songmei’	杂交兰O1 Hybrid orchid O1	杂交兰O2 Hybrid orchid O2
萜烯类 Terpenoids	α-蒎烯α-Pinene	7.61 ± 0.98	3.14 ± 0.34	—	4.13 ± 0.45
	柠檬烯D-Limonene	7.81 ± 1.21	—	4.59 ± 0.98	—
	罗勒烯 (E)-β-ocimene	—	—	—	11.44 ± 2.21
	3-蒈烯 3-Carene	—	—	—	4.56 ± 0.09
	4,8-二甲基-1,7-壬二烯 4,8-Dimethyl-1,7-nonadiene	8.95 ± 0.35	—	—	—
	大柱头-4,6(E),8(Z)-三 (6E,8Z)-Megastigma-4,6,8-triene	—	—	—	3.30 ± 0.19
	石竹烯 β-Caryophyllene	—	10.94 ± 1.71	—	2.99 ± 0.55
	α-香柠檬烯 α-Bergamotene	—	—	—	0.44 ± 0.09
	胡萝卜烯 Daucene	—	—	3.69 ± 0.28	1.25 ± 0.08
醇类 Alcohols	β-二氢香芹醇（1S,2R,4S）-Neo-dihydrocarveol	12.94 ± 1.54	—	—	2.94 ± 0.11
	6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇 6-Merhyl-5-hepten-2-ol	—	—	15.98 ± 2.63	34.73 ± 4.37
	苯甲醇 Benzyl alcohol	—	58.54 ± 6.53	—	—
	苯乙醇 Phenethyl alcohol	—	3.74 ± 0.60	—	—
	桉叶油醇 Eucalyptol	—	—	13.00 ± 1.24	—
	2,7-二甲基-2，6-辛二烯-1-醇 2,6-Octadien-1-ol, 2,7-dimethyl-	—	—	—	5.19 ± 0.29
	α-松油醇 α-Terpineol	—	0.35 ± 0.05	—	—
	木焦油醇 2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol	—	2.57 ± 0.37	—	1.97 ± 0.35
	2-乙烯基-2,5-二甲基-4-己烯-1-醇 2-Ethenyl-2,5-dimethyl-4-hexen-1-ol	—	—	—	2.61 ± 0.19
	4-萜烯醇 Terpinen-4-ol	—	—	—	2.15 ± 0.32
酯类Esters	己酸乙酯 Ethyl hexanoate	4.99 ± 0.55	—	—	—
酯类Esters	亚硝酸仲丁酯 sec-Butyl nitrite	—	3.18 ± 0.52	—	—
醛类Aldehyde	异戊醛 3-Methylbutanal	—	—	20.88 ± 3.89	—
	正庚醛 Heptanal	—	—	0.75 ± 0.06	1.16 ± 0.17
	己醛 Hexanal	—	—	14.30 ± 1.45	—
	6,6-二甲基双环[3.1.1]庚烷-2-甲醛; 6,6-Dimethylbicyclo(3.1.1)heptane-2-carbaldehyde	—	—	5.90 ± 0.46	—
酮类Ketone	侧柏酮 α-Thujene	—	—	—	4.38 ± 0.59
酮类Ketone	甲基庚烯酮 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one	18.98 ± 1.56	2.41 ± 0.45	17.71 ± 2.01	6.06 ± 1.03
酸类Acids	Z-L-精氨酸 Nalpha-Cbz-L-Arginine	0.28 ± 0.05	0.82 ± 0.08	—	—
烷烃类Alkanes	rel-（2R，3S））-2,3-环氧庚烷rel-(2R,3S)-2,3-Epoxyheptane	—	3.09 ± 0.29	—	—
	(1-甲基丁基)-环氧乙烷 2-pentan-2-yloxirane	15.92 ± 2.06	—	—	4.50 ± 0.79
	(±)-茶螺烷 Theaspirane	—	—	0.67 ± 0.07	0.26 ± 0.07
其他Others	对甲基苯甲醚 4-Methylanisole	—	8.95 ± 1.58	—	—
	(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3-蒎烷胺 (-)-Isopinocampheylamine	8.48 ± 0.79	—	—	1.90 ± 0.51
	2,4,6-三氯苯甲醚 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole	—	—	2.52 ± 0.23	1.72 ± 0.31
	3,4-二甲氧基甲苯 3,4-Dimethoxytoluene	—	—	—	2.34 ± 0.25
	对甲酚 4-Methylphenol	9.73 ± 1.03	—	—	—
	对苯二甲醚 1,4-Dimethoxybenzene	—	2.28 ± 0.33	—	—
	2-甲氧基-3-甲基苯酚 2-Methoxy-3-methylphenol	4.31 ± 0.63	—	—	—

Characteristic Analysis of Aroma Components in Interspecific Hybrids of Cymbidium

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挥发性成分 Volatile component	CAS号 CAS number	香味描述 Aroma description	香味类型 Odor type
α-蒎烯 α-pinene	7785-70-8	薄荷味 Minty	草药香型 Herbal
柠檬烯 D-Limonene	5989-27-5	柑橘味，甜味Citrusy，sweet	果香型 Fruity
罗勒烯 (E)-β-ocimene	13877-91-3	柑橘味Citrusy	花香型 Floral
3-蒈烯 3-Carene	13466-78-9	药用木香 Medicinal woody	木香型 Woody
石竹烯 β-Caryophyllene	87-44-5	丁香味 Clove-like	香料型 Spicy
6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇6-Merhyl-5-hepten-2-ol	1569-60-4	香菜味 Parsley-like	清香型Green
苯甲醇 Benzyl alcohol	100-51-6	温和花香 Gentle floral	花香型 Floral
苯乙醇 Phenethyl alcohol	60-12-8	玫瑰花香 Rose-like	花香型 Floral
桉叶油醇 Eucalyptol	470-82-6	桉树、草药香 Eucalyptus-like，herbal	草药香型 Herbal
α-松油醇 α-Terpineol	98-55-5	紫丁香味 Lilac-like	花香型 Floral
木焦油醇 2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol	93-51-6	辛辣味、皮革味 Pungent，leather-like	香料型 Spicy
4-萜烯醇 Terpinen-4-ol	562-74-3	胡椒木质混合味Peppery mixed with woody	香料型 Spicy
己酸乙酯 Ethyl Hexanoate	123-66-0	甜味，果味 Sweet，fruity	果香型 Fruity
异戊醛 3-Methylbutanal	590-86-3	桃子味 Peach-like	果香型 Fruity
正庚醛 Heptanal	111-71-7	脂蜡气味 Wax-like	果香型 Fruity
己醛 Hexanal	66-25-1	青草香 Grass-like	清香型 Green
侧柏酮 α-Thujene	2867-05-2	木质气味 Woody	木香型 Woody
甲基庚烯酮 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one	110-93-0	柑橘味 Citrusy	果香型 Fruity
(±)-茶螺烷 Theaspirane	36431-72-8	辛辣木质香 Spicy woody	草药香型 Herbal
对甲酚 4-Methylphenol	106-44-5	酚类芳香味 Phenolic	化学型 Chemical
对甲基苯甲醚 4-Methylanisole	104-93-8	坚果味 Nutty	化学型 Chemical
对苯二甲醚 1,4-Dimethoxybenzene	150-78-7	甜味，茴香味Sweet,fennel	清香型 Green

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