Effects of Fertilizer Hole Application Sites on Fine Root Growth,15N Absorption and Utilization,Yield and Quality of Apple Trees

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0280

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (7): 1545-1556.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0280

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Effects of Fertilizer Hole Application Sites on Fine Root Growth,¹⁵N Absorption and Utilization,Yield and Quality of Apple Trees

LIU Zhaoxia, ZHANG Xin, WANG Lu, MA Yuting, CHEN Qian, ZHU Zhanling, GE Shunfeng(), JIANG Yuanmao()

State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,College of Horticultural Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China

Received:2022-01-15 Revised:2022-02-25 Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-07-29
Contact: GE Shunfeng,JIANG Yuanmao E-mail:geshunfeng210@126.com;ymjiang@sdau.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to clarify the reasonable fertilizer application site in apple production,realize the efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilizer. In 2018 and 2019,we studied the effects of hole application sites of organic and inorganic fertilizers in root zone（control without organic fertilizer application,strip furrow application and 1-4 hole application）on the root growth,¹⁵N uptake,utilization and loss,and fruit yield and quality of the 6-year-old‘Yanfu 3’/SH6/Malus robusta by using ¹⁵N isotope labeling technology. The results showed that among the treatments with increasing organic fertilizer,the chlorophyll content,leaf area and total dry weight of fine roots were the hightest in 3 and 4 hole fertilization treatments,and the lowest in strip furrow fertilization treatments. In the fruit ripening period,the Ndff values of leaves,fine roots,large roots and fruits were significantly increased by 3 and 4 hole fertilization compared with strip furrow fertilization. The utilization rate of ¹⁵N in trees was 3 holes > 4 holes > 2 holes > 1 hole > strip furrow > control. The loss rate of ¹⁵N showed an opposite trend to the utilization rate of ¹⁵N,fertilization in 3 and 4 holes was lower. Compared with the control and strip furrow fertilization treatments,the fruit yield,fruit weight and soluble sugar content of 3 and 4 hole fertilization treatments were significantly increased. It can be seen that under a certain condition of the amount of organic fertilizer（5 kg）combined with inorganic fertilizer,3 and 4 hole fertilization promoted the growth of fine roots,improved the uptake of ¹⁵N by trees,reduced nitrogen loss,and also had a positive effect on improving fruit yield and quality.

Key words: apple, fertilizer, site of hole application, fine root, utilization of ¹⁵N, yield, quality

CLC Number:

S661.1

LIU Zhaoxia, ZHANG Xin, WANG Lu, MA Yuting, CHEN Qian, ZHU Zhanling, GE Shunfeng, JIANG Yuanmao. Effects of Fertilizer Hole Application Sites on Fine Root Growth,¹⁵N Absorption and Utilization,Yield and Quality of Apple Trees[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(7): 1545-1556.

Figures/Tables 7

References 37

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处理 Treatment	叶绿素 SPAD		叶面积/cm² Leaf area		净光合速率/（CO₂µmol · m^-2· s^-1） P_n
处理 Treatment	2018	2019	2018	2019	2018	2019
对照 Control	43.62 ± 1.53 d	45.28 ± 2.00 d	23.09 ± 1.02 d	22.42 ± 0.51 d	12.80 ± 0.95 d	11.80 ± 0.57 d
条状沟施Strip furrow	47.48 ± 1.18 c	48.15 ± 0.56 c	24.68 ± 0.51 c	24.02 ± 0.55 c	14.30 ± 1.41 cd	12.93 ± 0.74 c
1穴 One hole	51.57 ± 2.41 b	49.63 ± 1.53 c	26.54 ± 0.76 b	25.64 ± 1.08 b	15.60 ± 0.79 c	14.27 ± 0.40 b
2穴 Two holes	54.51 ± 1.07 b	52.84 ± 1.69 b	27.49 ± 1.06 ab	26.15 ± 0.24 b	15.90 ± 0.56 bc	14.90 ± 0.56 ab
3穴 Three holes	58.19 ± 1.15 a	55.86 ± 1.40 a	28.51 ± 0.68 a	27.84 ± 0.91 a	18.27 ± 0.80 a	15.63 ± 0.51 a
4穴 Four holes	57.73 ± 2.30 a	54.07 ± 1.39 ab	27.99 ± 0.48 a	27.66 ± 0.75 a	17.60 ± 1.06 ab	15.93 ± 0.81 a

处理 Treatment	叶绿素 SPAD		叶面积/cm² Leaf area		净光合速率/（CO₂µmol · m^-2· s^-1） P_n
处理 Treatment	2018	2019	2018	2019	2018	2019
对照 Control	43.62 ± 1.53 d	45.28 ± 2.00 d	23.09 ± 1.02 d	22.42 ± 0.51 d	12.80 ± 0.95 d	11.80 ± 0.57 d
条状沟施Strip furrow	47.48 ± 1.18 c	48.15 ± 0.56 c	24.68 ± 0.51 c	24.02 ± 0.55 c	14.30 ± 1.41 cd	12.93 ± 0.74 c
1穴 One hole	51.57 ± 2.41 b	49.63 ± 1.53 c	26.54 ± 0.76 b	25.64 ± 1.08 b	15.60 ± 0.79 c	14.27 ± 0.40 b
2穴 Two holes	54.51 ± 1.07 b	52.84 ± 1.69 b	27.49 ± 1.06 ab	26.15 ± 0.24 b	15.90 ± 0.56 bc	14.90 ± 0.56 ab
3穴 Three holes	58.19 ± 1.15 a	55.86 ± 1.40 a	28.51 ± 0.68 a	27.84 ± 0.91 a	18.27 ± 0.80 a	15.63 ± 0.51 a
4穴 Four holes	57.73 ± 2.30 a	54.07 ± 1.39 ab	27.99 ± 0.48 a	27.66 ± 0.75 a	17.60 ± 1.06 ab	15.93 ± 0.81 a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	产量/（kg · plant^-1） Yield	单果质量/g Single fruit weight	可溶性糖/% Soluble sugar	可滴定酸/% Titratable acid	糖酸比 Sugar/acid
2018	对照 Control	19.18 ± 0.46 d	213.15 ± 1.89 d	12.18 ± 0.25 d	0.44 ± 0.004 c	27.72 ± 0.79 d
	条状沟施 Strip furrow	20.98 ± 1.24 c	224.32 ± 3.83 c	12.91 ± 0.13 c	0.45 ± 0.010 bc	28.50 ± 0.37 cd
	1穴 One hole	21.34 ± 0.70 c	223.19 ± 4.15 c	13.00 ± 0.17 c	0.44 ± 0.004 c	29.29 ± 0.60 bc
	2穴 Two holes	22.32 ± 0.75 bc	232.53 ± 3.82 b	13.63 ± 0.50 b	0.46 ± 0.011 ab	29.31 ± 0.64 bc
	3穴 Three holes	24.97 ± 1.31 a	251.16 ± 2.02 a	14.30 ± 0.36 a	0.47 ± 0.008 a	30.63 ± 0.45 a
	4穴 Four holes	23.92 ± 1.25 ab	244.12 ± 8.59 a	14.20 ± 0.20 a	0.47 ± 0.006 a	30.36 ± 0.58 ab
2019	对照 Control	18.06 ± 1.09 d	197.01 ± 9.24 d	11.17 ± 0.33 d	0.43 ± 0.100 c	26.24 ± 1.34 d
	条状沟施 Strip furrow	19.56 ± 0.54 c	212.64 ± 5.84 c	12.07 ± 0.13 c	0.43 ± 0.006 bc	28.00 ± 0.64 c
	1穴 One hole	19.65 ± 0.59 c	219.96 ± 7.22 bc	12.47 ± 0.16 c	0.44 ± 0.001 b	28.56 ± 0.31 c
	2穴 Two holes	20.26 ± 0.48 bc	222.18 ± 5.42 bc	13.09 ± 0.28 b	0.45 ± 0.004 a	29.31 ± 0.35 bc
	3穴 Three holes	21.82 ± 1.00 a	235.47 ± 8.26 a	13.93 ± 0.36 a	0.45 ± 0.002 a	30.72 ± 0.62 a
	4穴 Four holes	21.35 ± 1.06 ab	231.77 ± 6.02 ab	13.76 ± 0.21 a	0.45 ± 0.002 a	30.41 ± 0.57 ab

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	产量/（kg · plant^-1） Yield	单果质量/g Single fruit weight	可溶性糖/% Soluble sugar	可滴定酸/% Titratable acid	糖酸比 Sugar/acid
2018	对照 Control	19.18 ± 0.46 d	213.15 ± 1.89 d	12.18 ± 0.25 d	0.44 ± 0.004 c	27.72 ± 0.79 d
	条状沟施 Strip furrow	20.98 ± 1.24 c	224.32 ± 3.83 c	12.91 ± 0.13 c	0.45 ± 0.010 bc	28.50 ± 0.37 cd
	1穴 One hole	21.34 ± 0.70 c	223.19 ± 4.15 c	13.00 ± 0.17 c	0.44 ± 0.004 c	29.29 ± 0.60 bc
	2穴 Two holes	22.32 ± 0.75 bc	232.53 ± 3.82 b	13.63 ± 0.50 b	0.46 ± 0.011 ab	29.31 ± 0.64 bc
	3穴 Three holes	24.97 ± 1.31 a	251.16 ± 2.02 a	14.30 ± 0.36 a	0.47 ± 0.008 a	30.63 ± 0.45 a
	4穴 Four holes	23.92 ± 1.25 ab	244.12 ± 8.59 a	14.20 ± 0.20 a	0.47 ± 0.006 a	30.36 ± 0.58 ab
2019	对照 Control	18.06 ± 1.09 d	197.01 ± 9.24 d	11.17 ± 0.33 d	0.43 ± 0.100 c	26.24 ± 1.34 d
	条状沟施 Strip furrow	19.56 ± 0.54 c	212.64 ± 5.84 c	12.07 ± 0.13 c	0.43 ± 0.006 bc	28.00 ± 0.64 c
	1穴 One hole	19.65 ± 0.59 c	219.96 ± 7.22 bc	12.47 ± 0.16 c	0.44 ± 0.001 b	28.56 ± 0.31 c
	2穴 Two holes	20.26 ± 0.48 bc	222.18 ± 5.42 bc	13.09 ± 0.28 b	0.45 ± 0.004 a	29.31 ± 0.35 bc
	3穴 Three holes	21.82 ± 1.00 a	235.47 ± 8.26 a	13.93 ± 0.36 a	0.45 ± 0.002 a	30.72 ± 0.62 a
	4穴 Four holes	21.35 ± 1.06 ab	231.77 ± 6.02 ab	13.76 ± 0.21 a	0.45 ± 0.002 a	30.41 ± 0.57 ab

Effects of Fertilizer Hole Application Sites on Fine Root Growth,¹⁵N Absorption and Utilization,Yield and Quality of Apple Trees

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