Identification and Functional Analysis of Key Gene for Male Sterility in Wucai

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0923

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 2876-2888.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0923

• Genetic & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Biology • Previous Articles Next Articles

Identification and Functional Analysis of Key Gene for Male Sterility in Wucai

FENG Kezheng¹^,², WANG Kang¹^,², WANG Yongkang¹^,², ZHAO Longlong¹^,², LIAO Na¹^,², TANG Xiaoyan¹^,², WANG Wenjie¹^,², WANG Chenggang¹^,², YUAN Lingyun¹^,², HOU Jinfeng¹^,², WU Jianqiang¹^,², and CHEN Guohu¹^,²^,^*()

¹ College of Horticulture， Anhui Agricultural University；Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Crop Breeding，Hefei 230036，China Hefei 230036， China

Received:2025-05-21 Revised:2025-09-24 Online:2025-11-26 Published:2025-11-26
Contact: and CHEN Guohu

Abstract

Abstract:

A total of 6 657 differentially expressed genes（DEG）and 1 443 differentially expressed proteins（DEP）were identified between fertile and sterile Wucai（Brassica campestris L.）plants，based on transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. The DEG and DEP were primarily enriched in biological processes related to pollen development（GO：0009555）and pollen wall assembly（GO：0010208），as well as metabolic pathways including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis（ko00940），and cutin，suberin and wax biosynthesis（ko00073）. An integrated analysis identified 387 mRNA-protein association pairs showing a positive correlation between transcriptome and proteome data. Protein-protein interaction（PPI）network analysis of proteins involved in the pollen development and pollen wall assembly revealed that several proteins，including BraA05g034940.3C（FAR2），were highly interconnected with other proteins. Expression pattern analysis indicated that BcFAR2 gene was most highly expressed in floral bud tissue，particularly during the tetrad and mononucleate stages of anther development. Moreover，overexpression of BcFAR2 restored pollen fertility in Arabidopsis far2 mutants.

Key words: Wucai, transcriptome, proteome, male sterility, BcFAR2, functional analysis

FENG Kezheng, WANG Kang, WANG Yongkang, ZHAO Longlong, LIAO Na, TANG Xiaoyan, WANG Wenjie, WANG Chenggang, YUAN Lingyun, HOU Jinfeng, WU Jianqiang, and CHEN Guohu. Identification and Functional Analysis of Key Gene for Male Sterility in Wucai[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(11): 2876-2888.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1 Primer sequences

用途 Application	基因ID/引物名称 Gene ID/Primer name	引物（5′-3′） Primer sequence
克隆 Gene cloning	BcFAR2	F：ATGGAAGCTCTCTTCTTGAC	R：TTAAGCTCTTCCCTTCAAG
荧光定量PCR qRT-PCR	BraA01g038270.3C	F：AGGACTGGACCCTTTCATGG	R：CTAAGGTGCGCTTCTGTGTC
	BraA02g023150.3C	F：TGTGTCACGATGGACGATCA	R：GAGCTCGTTCTGGTCAAACC
	BraA03g045620.3C	F：CAAATGGCTCAGACCACACC	R：TTCGTGTCACAATTGGTGCT
	BraA04g008040.3C	F：TTTGGCTCCGGGAAGAGAAT	R：TCGAGCCAGTCCATTGAAGT
	BraA04g026900.3C	F：CAGGAAAGGCAACAGTGCTT	R：TGTAGCGGGTCTTCACAGTT
	BraA05g034940.3C	F：TGCTAAGCATGGAGTGGTGA	R：AAGAAGCTCTGCCAAGTCCT
	BraA09g012710.3C	F：GAGAATGTGGCGTTCGTTGA	R：ATCCCATACTCGGCGACATT
	BraA09g066080.3C	F：TATGGGACGACACTGACGAG	R：GCACCATCGTCACACCTAAC
	Actin BraA05g007930.3C	F：TGGGTTTGCTGGTGACGAT	R：TGCCTAGGACGACCAACAATACT
载体构建 Vector construction	pCAMBIA1305-FAR2	F：gacgatgacgataagggatccATGGAAGCTCTCTTCTTGACTTCTTC R：tgcctgcaggtcgactctagaTTAAGCTCTTCCCTTCAAGACATG
突变体鉴定 Mutant identification	far2	LP：GTTTTATGTTACGGGAAGGGG
		RP：GCATTACTATGAGAAGAGACTTTGCC
		LB：ATTTTGCCGATTTCGGAAC

Fig. 1 Comparison of Wucai flower characteristics between sterile line 12-14A and fertile line 12-14B

Fig. 2 Transcriptome analysis of Wucai flower buds in sterile and fertile plants at the tetrad stage A：Heatmap of DEG（MS：male sterile；MF：male fertile）；B：GO enrichment analysis of DEG；C：KEGG enrichment analysis of DEG

Fig. 3 Proteome analysis of Wucai flower buds in sterile and fertile plants at the tetrad stage A：Heatmap of DEP（MS：male sterile；MF：male fertile）；B：GO enrichment analysis of DEP；C：KEGG enrichment analysis of DEP

Fig. 4 Integrated analysis of transcriptome and proteome A：Venn diagram of overlapping DEG and DEP；B：Four-quadrant plot of DEG and DEP expression correlation，a total of 2 266 quantifiable mRNA-protein pairs were identified，NDEP indicates no difference in protein level，NDEG indicates no difference in transcription level；C：GO enrichment analysis of mRNA-protein association pairs；D：KEGG enrichment analysis of mRNA-protein association pairs；E：Heatmap of genes involved in pollen development pathway；F：Protein-protein interaction（PPI）network of genes associated with pollen development pathway

Table 2 GO and KEGG enrichment results for mRNA-protein association genes（top 10）

GO术语/KEGG通路 GO term/KEGG pathway	注释 Description	分类 Class	数量 Number	Q值 Q-value
GO：0010208	花粉壁组装Pollen wall assembly	生物过程 Biological process	27	2.11E-26
GO：0010927	参与形态发生的细胞成分组装 Cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis		27	2.11E-26
GO：0085029	细胞外基质组装Extracellular matrix assembly		27	2.11E-26
GO：0030198	细胞外基质组织Extracellular matrix organization		27	4.19E-26
GO：0043062	细胞外结构组织Extracellular structure organization		27	4.19E-26
GO：0009555	花粉发育Pollen development		27	6.28E-24
GO：0048646	参与形态发生的解剖结构形成 Anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis		27	5.11E-19
GO：0048229	配子体发育Gametophyte development		30	7.80E-14
GO：0045229	外部封装结构组织External encapsulating structure organization		40	1.02E-11
GO：0032989	细胞成分形态发生Cellular component morphogenesis		34	7.94E-10
ko00940	苯丙素生物合成Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis	代谢 Metabolism	12	4.52E-2
ko00073	角质、木栓质和蜡生物合成Cutin，suberine and wax biosynthesis		6	4.52E-2
ko00196	光合作用—天线蛋白Photosynthesis-antenna proteins		6	4.52E-2
ko00010	糖酵解/糖异生Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis		15	6.68E-2
ko00053	抗坏血酸和醛糖代谢Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism		6	3.70E-2
ko00310	赖氨酸降解Lysine degradation		5	3.70E-2
ko00280	缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸降解 Valine，leucine and isoleucine degradation		7	5.57E-2
ko00620	丙酮酸代谢Pyruvate metabolism		10	5.67E-2
ko00052	半乳糖代谢Galactose metabolism		6	5.67E-2
ko04626	植物—病原体相互作用Plant-pathogen interaction	生物系统 Organismal systems	9	5.67E-2

Fig. 5 Expression analysis of Wucai genes associated with pollen development Heatmaps show protein abundance in sterile and fertile lines based on transcriptome analysis；values are log2（count）and normalized，with color bars on the top representing protein abundance values

Fig. 6 Sequence alignment of the BcFAR2 in Wucai The blue box indicates the FAR-N domain（CCD：cd05236），the green box indicates the FAR-C domain（CCD：cd09071），and the red line indicates the NAD binding site（PF07933；Male sterility protein）；AtFAR2，A. thaliana（AT3G11980）；BcFAR2：Brassica campestris；BniFAR2：B. nigra（BniB01g052980.2N）；BoFAR2：B. oleracea（BolC05g054690.2J）；BrFAR2：B. rapa（BraA05g034940.3C）

Fig. 7 Subcellular localization analysis of BcFAR2 A：Vector construction for subcellular localization. B：Subcellular localization

Fig. 8 Expression analysis of Wucai BcFAR2 gene A：Expression of BcFAR2 in various tissues of Wucai. B：Expression of BcFAR2 in different stages of anther development in fertile Wucai. C：Relative expression of BcFAR2 at various anther development stages in sterile versus fertile lines. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences as determined by Duncan’s new multiple range test（p < 0.05）

Fig. 9 Functional analysis of Wucai BcFAR2 gene A：Phenotypic of the Arabidopsis far2 mutant transformed with the BcFAR2 gene. B：Pollen viability analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0，far2 mutant and far2/35S::BcFAR2 plants

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Identification and Functional Analysis of Key Gene for Male Sterility in Wucai

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