The Comparative Studies on Phytochemicals of Leaf Coloration of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0815

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 1969-1982.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0815

• Research Papers • Previous Articles Next Articles

The Comparative Studies on Phytochemicals of Leaf Coloration of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum

CHEN Qianru¹, CAI Wenqi¹, ZHANG Xia¹, ZHANG Damao¹, LI Weidong², XU Lu¹, YU Xiaoying¹^,³^,^**(), LI Yanlin¹^,³^,^**()

¹College of Horticulture,Hunan Agricultural University,Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center,Changsha 410128,China
²Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Comprehensive Utilization of Garden Flowers,Changsha 410128,China
³Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding,Ministry of Education,Changsha 410128,China

Received:2021-09-14 Revised:2021-10-15 Online:2021-10-25 Published:2021-11-01
Contact: YU Xiaoying,LI Yanlin E-mail:yuxiaoying1578@hunau.net;liyanlin@hunau.net

Abstract

Abstract:

Three different superior individuals of Loropetalum plants were used as research materials in this study. The phytochemical mechanism of leaf coloration of L. chinense var. rubrum was investigated with RHSCC colorimetric card colorimetry,spectrophotometer detection method,leaf anatomical structure characteristic,the measurement of pigments content,UPLC-MS/MS technology plus with MetWare metabolism self-built plant-specific DataBase（MWDB）and public metabolite information platform. The results indicated that the leaf color was significant difference among the three different superior individuals. The anthocyanins was distributed in palisade tissue,spongy tissue,accessory cells and lower epidermis of L. chinense var. rubrum. The high ratio of total anthocyanins and chlorophyll content in the leaves was responsible for the red colored leaves of L. chinense var. rubrum. And then a total of 185 flavonoids were identified by UPLC-MS/MS,including 15 anthocyanins,7 isoflavones,104 flavones,20 flavanones and 39 flavonols. And 22 polyphenol acids including of 19 phenolic acids and three proanthocyanidins were also identified together. The 13 anthocyanins,which are belonging to glycosides of peonidin,delphinidin,cyanidin,malvidin and petunidin are the main phytochemicals of leaf pigments in L. chinense var. rubrum. The significant differences in the contents of non-anthocyanins polyphenols such as flavones,flavonols,flavanones,isoflavones,phenolic acids and proanthocyanidins in the leaves of L. chinense var. rubrum,are the auxiliary pigments of leaf coloration difference. It is also the important secondary metabolites for the color difference among dissimilar cultivars（lines）of L. chinense var. rubrum.

Key words: Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum, flavonoids, leaf color, metabonomics

CLC Number:

S682.36

CHEN Qianru, CAI Wenqi, ZHANG Xia, ZHANG Damao, LI Weidong, XU Lu, YU Xiaoying, LI Yanlin. The Comparative Studies on Phytochemicals of Leaf Coloration of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(10): 1969-1982.

Figures/Tables 6

References 34

[1]	Archetti M. 2000. The origin of autumn colours by coevolution. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 205:625-630. pmid: 10931756
[2]	Boldt J K, Erwin J E, Meyer M H. 2014. Foliar anthocyanins:A horticultural review. Horticultural Reviews, 42:209-251.
[3]	Chalker-Scott L. 1999. Environmental significance of anthocyanins in plant stress responses. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 70 (1):1-9. doi: 10.1111/php.1999.70.issue-1 URL
[4]	Chen W, Gong L, Guo Z, Wang W, Zhang H, Liu X, Yu S. 2013. A novel integrated method for large-scale detection,identification,and quantification of widely targeted metabolites:application in the study of rice metabolomics. Molecular Plant, 6 (6):1769-1780. doi: 10.1093/mp/sst080 pmid: 23702596
[5]	Cui Hu-liang, He Xia, Zhang Qian. 2021. Anthocyanins and flavonoids accumulation forms of five different color tree peony cultivars at blooming stages. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 54 (13):2858-2869.(in Chinese)
	崔虎亮, 贺霞, 张前. 2021. 不同牡丹品种开花期间花瓣花青素和类黄酮组成的动态变化. 中国农业科学, 54 (13):2858-2869.
[6]	Dai Si-lan, Hong Yan. 2016. Molecular breeding for flower colors modification on ornamental plants based on the mechanism of anthocyanins biosynthesis and coloration. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 49:529-542.(in Chinese)
	戴思兰, 洪艳. 2016. 基于花青素苷合成和呈色机理的观赏植物花色改良分子育种. 中国农业科学, 49:529-542.
[7]	Dong T, Han R, Yu J, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Li Z. 2019. Anthocyanins accumulation and molecular analysis of correlated genes by metabolome and transcriptome in green and purple asparaguses(Asparagus officinalis L.). Food Chem, 271:18-28. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.120 URL
[8]	Gu K D, Wang C K, Hu D G, Hao Y J. 2019. How do anthocyanins paint our horticultural products? Scientia Horticulturae, 249:257-262. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2019.01.034 URL
[9]	Hughes , Nicole M, Lev-Yadun S. 2015. Red/purple leaf margin coloration:Potential ecological and physiological functions. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 119:27-39. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2015.05.015 URL
[10]	Hou Bo-xin, Lin Feng, Li Wu-ping, Wang Xiao-ming, Yu Ge-fei, Song Qing-an. 2003. List of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum classification system. Forest Research, 16:430-433.(in Chinese)
	侯伯鑫, 林峰, 李午平, 王晓明, 余格非, 宋庆安. 2003. 红花檵木品种分类系统. 林业科学研究, 16:430-433.
[11]	Li Cong-hui, Wang Liang-sheng, Shu Qing-yan, Xu Yan-jun, Zhang Jie. 2008. Pigments composition of petals and floral color change during the blooming period in Rhododendron mucronulatum. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 35 (7):1023-1030.(in Chinese)
	李崇晖, 王亮生, 舒庆艳, 徐彦军, 张洁. 2008. 迎红杜鹃花色素组成及花色在开花过程中的变化. 园艺学报, 35 (7):1023-1030.
[12]	Li W X, Yang S B, Lu Z G, He Z C, Jin B. 2018. Cytological,physiological,and transcriptomic analyses of golden leaf coloration in Ginkgo biloba L. Horticulture Research, 5 (1):12-26. doi: 10.1038/s41438-018-0015-4 URL
[13]	Li Wei-xing, Yan Shun-bo, He Zhi-chong, Jin Biao. 2017. Research advances in the regulatory mechanisms of leaf coloration. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 44 (9):1811-1824.(in Chinese)
	李卫星, 杨舜博, 何智冲, 金飚. 2017. 植物叶色变化机制研究进展. 园艺学报, 44 (9):1811-1824.
[14]	Li Yan-lin, Xiong Xing-yao, Yu Xiao-ying, He Chang-zheng, Lü Chang-ping, Yuan Fei-rong, Zhu Jie-hui. 2010. Biological characteristics of variegated bud sports of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 46 (8):56-61,183.(in Chinese)
	李炎林, 熊兴耀, 于晓英, 何长征, 吕长平, 袁飞荣, 朱杰辉. 2010. 红花檵木花叶芽变生物学特性. 林业科学, 46 (8):56-61,183.
[15]	Li Yan-lin, Zhong Zhi-ping, Li Da, Yu Xiao-ying, Chen Hai-xia, Ding Jiang-nan. 2011. Selection-breeding of variegated bud sports of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum‘Huayejimu 1’. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University (Natural Sciences), 37 (1):31-33,2.(in Chinese)
	李炎林, 钟志平, 李达, 于晓英, 陈海霞, 丁江南. 2011. 红花檵木花叶芽变1号的选育. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 37 (1):31-33,2.
[16]	Liang Ling, Huang Yu-qiong, Chen Xiao-hong. 2020. Anatomical structure and pigment content of Davidia involucrate leaves and bracts with different color. Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin, 40 (9):1539-1548.(in Chinese)
	梁玲, 黄玉琼, 陈小红. 2020. 不同色彩珙桐叶片和苞片解剖结构及色素含量比较研究. 西北植物学报, 40 (9):1539-1548.
[17]	Liu De-liang, Zhang Qing. 2001. The germplasm resources of Lorpetalum chinese var. rubum and their further exploitation. Chinese Wild Plant Resources, 20 (5):17-18,35.(in Chinese)
	刘德良, 张琴. 2001. 红檵木种质资源及深层次开发利用. 中国野生植物资源, 20 (5):17-18,35.
[18]	Liu X, Zhang B, Wu J, Li Z Y, Han F Q, Fang Z Y, Zhuang M, Lv H H, Liu Y M, Li ZS, Yu H L, Li X, Zhang Y Y. 2020. Pigment variation and transcriptional response of the pigment synthesis pathway in the S2309 triple-color ornamental kale(Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) line. Genomics, 112:2658-2665. doi: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.02.019 URL
[19]	Manetas Yi. 2006. Why some leaves are anthocyanic and why most anthocyanic leaves are red?. Flora-Morphology,Distribution,Functional Ecology of Plants, 201:163-177.
[20]	Mozaffarian D, Wu J H Y. 2018. Flavonoids,dairy foods,and cardiovascular and metabolic health A review of emerging biologic pathways. Circulation Research A Journal of the American Heart Association, 122 (2):369-384.
[21]	Nakatsuka T, Suzuki T, Harada K, Kobayashi Y, Ohno H. 2019. Floral organ- and temperature-dependent regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Cymbidium hybrid flowers. Plant Science, 287:110173. doi: S0168-9452(19)30372-3 pmid: 31481204
[22]	Romero I, Sanchez-Ballesta M T, Maldonado R, Escribano M I, Merodio C. 2008. Anthocyanin,antioxidant activity and stress-induced gene expression in high CO₂ -treated table grapes stored at low temperature. Journal of Plant Physiology, 165:522-530. pmid: 17570561
[23]	Sheue C R, Pao S H, Chien L F, Chesson P, Peng C I. 2012. Natural foliar variegation without costs? The case of Begonia. Annals of Botany, 109:1065-1074. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcs025 URL
[24]	Tapas A R, Sakarkar D M, Kakde R B. 2008. Flavonoids as nutraceuticals:a review. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 7 (3):1089-1099.
[25]	Tang Qian-rui, Chen You-yun, Zhou Pu-hua. 2003. Study on the stability of anthocyanin and pH changes in cell sap of leaves in Loropetalum chinense var. rubum. Hunan Forestry Science & Technology, 30:24-25.(in Chinese)
	唐前瑞, 陈友云, 周朴华. 2003. 红檵木花青素苷稳定性及叶片细胞液pH值变化的研究. 湖南林业科学, 30:24-25.
[26]	Taylor S F, Lee D W, Holbrook N M. 2001. Why leaves turn red in autumn. The role of anthocyanins in senescing leaves of red-osier dogwood. Plant Physiology, 127 (2):566-574. doi: 10.1104/pp.010063 URL
[27]	Thévenot E A, Roux A, Xu Y, Ezan E, Junot C. 2015. Analysis of the human adult urinary metabolome variations with age,body mass index,and gender by implementing a comprehensive workflow for univariate and OPLS statistical analyses. Journal of Proteome Research, 14 (8):3322-3335. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00354 pmid: 26088811
[28]	Wan H, Yu C, Han Y, Guo X, Ahmad S, Tang A, Wang J, Cheng T, Pan H, Zhang Q. 2018. Flavonols and carotenoids in yellow petals of rose cultivar(Rosa Sun City)a possible rich source of bioactive compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66 (16):4171-4181. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01509 URL
[29]	Wang Jing. 2015. Production of flavonoids by cell suspension culture of Hypericum perforatum[M. D. Dissertation]. Shanghai: East China University Of Science and Technology.(in Chinese)
	王璟. 2015. 贯叶连翘悬浮细胞培养生产黄酮类物质的研究[硕士论文]. 上海: 华东理工大学.
[30]	Wang Zhen-xing, Cao Jian-ran, Qin Hong-yan, Zhao Ying, Chen Li, Ai Jun, Liu Tao. 2016. Common effect of pigment content and leaf structure on leaf color in Actinidia Kolomikta. Plant Physiology Journal, 52 (12):1921-1926.(in Chinese)
	王振兴, 曹建冉, 秦红艳, 赵滢, 陈丽, 艾军, 刘涛. 2016. 狗枣猕猴桃彩叶色素含量和结构共同影响叶色简. 植物生理学报, 52 (12):1921-1926.
[31]	Yang Y, Chen X, Xu B, Li Y, Ma Y, Wang G. 2015. Phenotype and transcriptome analysis reveals chloroplast development and pigment biosynthesis together influenced the leaf color formation in mutants of Anthurium andraeanum‘Sonate’. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6:139-165.
[32]	Yang Y, Li B, Feng C, Wu Q, Wang L. 2020. Chemical mechanism of flower color microvariation in paeonia with yellow flowers. Horticultural Plant Journal, 6:179-190. doi: 10.1016/j.hpj.2020.04.002 URL
[33]	Yoshikazu T, Nobuhiro S, Akemi O. 2008. Biosynthesis of plant pigments: anthocyanins,betalains and carotenoids. The Plant Journal, 54:733-749. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03447.x pmid: 18476875
[34]	Zhang Y L, Fang Z Z, Ye X F, Pan S L. 2018. Identification of candidate genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation in the peel of jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora)fruits by transcriptomic analysis. Gene, 676:202-213. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.039 URL

材料 Material	株系名称 Name	L^*	a^*	b^*
檵木Loropetalum chinense	湘农湘韵Xiangnong Xiangyun	101.52 ± 0.97 a	-27.85 ± 1.73 c	41.32 ± 0.83 a
红花檵木L. chinense var. rubrum	湘农霓裳Xiangnong Nichang	84.64 ± 0.42 c	15.69 ± 0.79 b	-8.68 ± 0.09 c
	湘农粉娇Xiangnong Fenjiao	87.20 ± 0.87 b	23.77 ± 1.91 a	-4.98 ± 0.05 b

材料 Material	株系名称 Name	L^*	a^*	b^*
檵木Loropetalum chinense	湘农湘韵Xiangnong Xiangyun	101.52 ± 0.97 a	-27.85 ± 1.73 c	41.32 ± 0.83 a
红花檵木L. chinense var. rubrum	湘农霓裳Xiangnong Nichang	84.64 ± 0.42 c	15.69 ± 0.79 b	-8.68 ± 0.09 c
	湘农粉娇Xiangnong Fenjiao	87.20 ± 0.87 b	23.77 ± 1.91 a	-4.98 ± 0.05 b

材料 Material	株系名称 Name	叶绿素/（mg · g^-1） Chlorophyll			类胡萝卜素/ （mg · g^-1） Carotenoid	花青素苷/ （mg · kg^-1） Anthocyanidins	总黄酮/ （mg · kg^-1-1） Total flavones	CI
材料 Material	株系名称 Name	a	b	a + b	类胡萝卜素/ （mg · g^-1） Carotenoid	花青素苷/ （mg · kg^-1） Anthocyanidins	总黄酮/ （mg · kg^-1-1） Total flavones	CI
檵木Loropetalum chinense	湘农湘韵 Xiangnong Xiangyun	0.52 ± 0.09 a	0.26 ± 0.02 ab	0.78 ± 0.08 a	0.28 ± 0.06 a	140.50 ± 6.40 c	635.90 ± 20.70 c	4.53
红花檵木L. chinense var. rubrum	湘农倪裳 Xiangnong Nichang	0.36 ± 0.04 b	0.20 ± 0.03 b	0.56 ± 0.05 b	0.22 ± 0.03 a	2 074.60 ± 22.60 a	2 053.90 ± 49.00 a	0.98
	湘农粉娇 Xiangnong Fenjiao	0.29 ± 0.04 c	0.13 ± 0.03 c	0.42 ± 0.08 c	0.21 ± 0.02 a	764.50 ± 11.00 b	706.20 ± 37.70 b	0.92

材料 Material	株系名称 Name	叶绿素/（mg · g^-1） Chlorophyll			类胡萝卜素/ （mg · g^-1） Carotenoid	花青素苷/ （mg · kg^-1） Anthocyanidins	总黄酮/ （mg · kg^-1-1） Total flavones	CI
材料 Material	株系名称 Name	a	b	a + b	类胡萝卜素/ （mg · g^-1） Carotenoid	花青素苷/ （mg · kg^-1） Anthocyanidins	总黄酮/ （mg · kg^-1-1） Total flavones	CI
檵木Loropetalum chinense	湘农湘韵 Xiangnong Xiangyun	0.52 ± 0.09 a	0.26 ± 0.02 ab	0.78 ± 0.08 a	0.28 ± 0.06 a	140.50 ± 6.40 c	635.90 ± 20.70 c	4.53
红花檵木L. chinense var. rubrum	湘农倪裳 Xiangnong Nichang	0.36 ± 0.04 b	0.20 ± 0.03 b	0.56 ± 0.05 b	0.22 ± 0.03 a	2 074.60 ± 22.60 a	2 053.90 ± 49.00 a	0.98
	湘农粉娇 Xiangnong Fenjiao	0.29 ± 0.04 c	0.13 ± 0.03 c	0.42 ± 0.08 c	0.21 ± 0.02 a	764.50 ± 11.00 b	706.20 ± 37.70 b	0.92

The Comparative Studies on Phytochemicals of Leaf Coloration of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 6

References 34

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

种类 Type			化合物名称 Compound name		湘农霓裳 Xiangnong Nichang		湘农粉娇 Xiangnong Fenjiao			湘农湘韵 Xiangnong Xiangyun
异黄酮 Isoflavone			大豆苷元Daidzein		1.60E+04		2.82E+04			4.22E+04
			奥洛波尔 Orobol (5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyisoflavone)		8.66E+04		3.27E+04			3.49E+04
			黄豆黄苷Glycitin		3.02E+03		9.00E+00			7.10E+03
			羟基金雀异黄2'-Hydroxygenistein		9.00E+00		9.00E+00			9.00E+00
			李属异黄酮Prunetin		3.45E+04		2.79E+04			1.30E+04
			鹰嘴豆素7-O-葡萄糖苷(印度黄檀苷) Sissotrin		1.53E+05		7.29E+04			7.26E+04
			芒柄花苷Formononetin 7-O-glucoside (Ononin)		4.55E+05		7.21E+05			6.65E+05
黄酮醇 Flavonol			槲皮素丙二酰基葡萄糖苷Quercetin-3-(6''-malonyl)-Glucoside		1.29E+04		9.00E+00			1.03E+04
			山奈Kaempferide		9.00E+00		9.00E+00			9.00E+00
			阿亚黄Ayanin		3.58E+03		6.50E+03			4.63E+03
			异鼠李素O-己糖苷Isorhamnetin O-hexoside		1.15E+07		3.02E+07			2.17E+06
			丁香亭O-己糖苷Syringetin 3-O-hexoside		1.40E+05		5.44E+05			7.41E+04
			异鼠李素5-O-己糖苷Isorhamnetin 5-O-hexoside		2.17E+06		5.63E+06			4.22E+05
			紫云英苷Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside (Astragalin)		5.06E+06		5.07E+06			1.13E+07
			槲皮素7-O-芸香糖苷Quercetin 7-O-rutinoside		7.81E+04		2.10E+05			4.39E+05
			异鼠李素O-乙酰己糖Isorhamnetin O-acetyl-hexoside		5.46E+03		6.57E+04			1.55E+03
			槲皮素O-乙酰基己糖苷Quercetin O-acetylhexoside		2.58E+04		1.62E+05			1.90E+04
			3,7-二氧-甲基槲皮素 Di-O-methylquercetin		1.36E+05		6.52E+04			1.32E+05
			槲皮素3-O-芸香糖苷 (芦丁) Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (Rutin)		4.98E+03		1.71E+04			3.43E+04
			山奈酚Kaempferol		1.13E+06		1.21E+06			4.56E+06
			扁蓄苷Quercetin 3-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (Avicularin)		6.04E+06		7.85E+06			3.64E+06
			山奈酚3-O-芸香糖苷Kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (Nicotiflorin)		7.70E+03		1.66E+05			1.48E+05
			杨梅素Myricetin		1.58E+05		7.37E+05			7.11E+05
			华良姜素Kumatakenin		5.74E+04		5.86E+04			2.49E+04
			山奈酚7-O-鼠李糖苷Kaempferol 7-O-rhamnoside		1.27E+07		1.03E+07			1.50E+07
			紫杉叶素Dihydroquercetin (Taxifolin)		6.08E+04		1.48E+05			5.81E+04
			异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮糖苷Isorhamnetin 3-O-neohesperidoside		2.93E+03		7.35E+03			5.59E+03
			杨梅苷Myricetin 3-O-rhamnoside (Myricitrin)		5.75E+06		1.78E+07			3.46E+07
			异鼠李素Isorhamnetin		4.31E+05		2.15E+06			6.65E+04
			山奈酚3-O-洋槐糖苷Kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside (Biorobin)		7.33E+03		1.61E+05			1.38E+05
			山奈苷 Kaempferol 3,7-dirhamnoside (Kaempferitrin)		4.78E+03		1.20E+04			1.65E+04
			二氢杨梅素Dihydromyricetin		2.60E+05		1.44E+05			1.55E+05
			槲皮素Quercetin		4.84E+05		7.53E+05			3.75E+05
			二氢山奈酚Aromadedrin (Dihydrokaempferol)		4.34E+05		4.38E+05			1.32E+06
			绣线菊甙Quercetin 4'-O-glucoside (Spiraeoside)		1.65E+06		2.22E+06			1.32E+06
			异槲皮甙Quercetin 3-O-glucoside (Isotrifoliin)		4.55E+05		1.04E+06			3.34E+05
			三叶豆甙Kaempferol 3-O-galactoside (Trifolin)		3.34E+06		3.07E+06			6.05E+06
			3,7-二-O-甲基槲皮素 3,7-Di-O-methylquercetin		2.74E+04		2.07E+04			6.95E+03
			阿福豆苷(番泻叶山奈苷) Kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside (Kaempferin)		1.55E+07		2.20E+07			3.36E+07
			7-氧甲基槲皮素Rhamnetin (7-O-methxyl quercetin)		4.03E+03		1.53E+04			3.29E+03
			黄颜木素Fustin		1.49E+04		1.24E+04			3.63E+04
			丁香亭Syringetin		9.61E+04		3.72E+05			2.61E+04
			3'-氧甲基杨梅素Laricitrin		1.08E+04		1.47E+05			4.36E+04
			木犀草素7-O-葡糖醛酸Quercetin 7-O-β-D-Glucuronide		6.65E+04		1.40E+05			1.87E+05
			杨梅酮3-O-半乳糖苷Myricetin 3-O-galactoside		3.05E+05		1.33E+06			1.67E+06
			桑色素水合物Morin		3.11E+04		5.70E+04			2.36E+04
黄烷酮 Flavanone			橙皮素O-葡萄糖醛酸Hesperetin O-Glucuronic acid		9.00E+00		2.75E+04			9.00E+00
			橙皮素O-丙二酰基己糖苷Hesperetin O-malonylhexoside		2.60E+05		9.89E+05			1.45E+05
			4'-羟基-5,7-二甲氧基黄酮 4'-Hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavanone		2.44E+06		3.44E+06			2.81E+06
			新橙皮苷Hesperetin 7-O-neohesperidoside (Neohesperidin)		1.76E+03		7.01E+03			4.15E+03
			柚皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷 (樱黄素) Naringenin 7-O-glucoside (Prunin)		2.36E+06		9.00E+00			2.80E+05
			柚皮素Naringenin		1.07E+06		1.97E+06			8.36E+05
			根皮素Phloretin		2.03E+05		1.33E+05			2.61E+05
			圣草酚Eriodictyol		1.06E+07		3.39E+06			1.43E+06
			橙皮素5-O-葡萄糖苷Hesperetin 5-O-glucoside		4.72E+05		1.03E+06			3.54E+05
			7-氧甲基圣草酚7-O-Methyleriodictyol		1.83E+06		3.41E+05			1.31E+05
			橙皮素Hesperetin		2.77E+05		6.16E+04			1.51E+04
种类 Type		化合物名称 Compound name		湘农霓裳 Xiangnong Nichang				湘农粉娇 Xiangnong Fenjiao			湘农湘韵 Xiangnong Xiangyun
		橙皮苷Hesperetin 7-rutinoside (Hesperidin)		1.28E+03				7.20E+03			4.08E+03
		柚皮苷查尔酮Naringenin chalcone		1.76E+06				3.24E+06			1.36E+06
		乔松素Pinocembrin (Dihydrochrysin)		7.30E+04				3.55E+04			4.30E+04
		枸橘苷Isosakuranetin-7-neohesperidoside (Poncirin)		2.88E+06				3.25E+06			2.94E+06
		异甘草素Isoliquiritigenin		4.12E+03				1.83E+03			2.31E+03
		阿福豆素 Afzelechin (3,5,7,4'-Tetrahydroxyflavan)		6.77E+04				9.00E+00			9.00E+00
		高圣草酚Homoeriodictyol		8.62E+05				2.22E+05			1.48E+05
		异樱花亭Isosakuranetin (4'-Methylnaringenin)		2.62E+05				2.70E+05			9.68E+04
		4',5,7-三羟基黄烷酮 4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavanone		1.87E+06				7.52E+05			1.39E+06
花色素苷 Anthocyanins		矢车菊素3-O-葡萄糖苷Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (Kuromanin)		4.56E+07				4.39E+07			2.72E+06
		芍药花素Peonidin		9.00E+00				9.00E+00			9.00E+00
		矢车菊素O-丁香酸Cyanidin O-syringic acid		3.14E+06				3.84E+06			4.59E+04
		飞燕草素Delphinidin		7.55E+04				1.02E+05			3.17E+04
		花翠素3-O-葡萄糖苷Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside (Mirtillin)		1.02E+07				1.02E+07			9.26E+05
		矢车菊素3-O-芸香糖苷Cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside (Keracyanin)		9.00E+00				9.00E+00			9.00E+00
		矢车菊素3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷 Cyanidin 3,5-O-diglucoside		1.70E+07				5.83E+06			3.20E+05
		天竺葵素苷Pelargonin		2.58E+06				2.83E+06			3.17E+05
		矮牵牛素3-O-葡萄糖Petunidin 3-O-glucoside		3.40E+05				6.70E+05			9.00E+00
		天竺葵素-3-O-葡萄糖苷Pelargonidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside		9.00E+00				6.58E+05			9.00E+00
		矢车菊素Cyanidin		1.93E+06				1.36E+06			2.36E+06
		矢车菊素半乳糖苷Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside		1.72E+06				1.57E+06			9.00E+00
		矮牵牛素-3,5-葡萄糖苷 Petunidin 3,5-diglucoside		9.33E+07				1.25E+08			1.35E+07
		锦葵素-3-乙酰-5-双葡萄糖苷Malvidin 3-acetyl-5-diglucoside		4.48E+04				1.18E+05			9.57E+03
		芍药花素-3-槐糖苷-5-葡萄糖苷Peonidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside		9.00E+00				4.85E+03			9.00E+00
黄酮 Flavone		皂草苷Isovitexin 7-O-glucoside (Saponarin)		2.07E+05				4.11E+04			9.00E+00
		短叶松素-3-乙酸酯3-O-Acetylpinobanksin		7.46E+05				3.51E+05			2.00E+05
		高良姜素Galangin		8.74E+03				3.72E+03			3.30E+03
		水仙苷Narcissoside		5.95E+03				1.29E+05			1.35E+04
		金丝桃苷Hyperoside		1.79E+06				2.60E+06			1.53E+06
		异槲皮苷Isoquercitroside		2.00E+06				2.66E+06			1.64E+06
		银锻苷Tiliroside		1.87E+07				1.83E+07			1.74E+07
		荭草苷Orientin		6.43E+03				8.33E+03			1.58E+04
		甜橙素Sinensetin		9.00E+00				2.22E+02			6.33E+02
		5,7-二羟基色原酮 5,7-Dihydroxychromone		5.40E+04				1.74E+04			3.77E+03
		草质素Herbacetin		3.66E+04				6.63E+04			3.25E+04
		槲皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷Gossypitrin		1.46E+07				1.99E+07			1.23E+07
		黄杞苷Engeletin		2.65E+06				2.35E+06			3.24E+06
		斯皮诺素Spinosin		9.00E+00				9.00E+00			2.61E+04
		落新妇苷Astilbin		8.52E+05				6.06E+05			5.25E+05
		羟基芫花素Hydroxygenkwanin		9.00E+00				9.00E+00			9.00E+00
		桃苷Persicoside		6.16E+03				4.30E+04			9.00E+00
		胡麻黄酮Pedalitin		1.25E+06				7.87E+05			4.60E+05
		异鼠李素-3-O-葡萄糖苷Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside		6.93E+06				5.07E+07			1.19E+06
		5,7-二羟基-3',4',5'-三甲氧基 5,7-Dihydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyflavone		2.36E+04				1.94E+04			7.63E+03
		桃苷元Persicogenin		1.52E+04				5.46E+03			4.23E+03
		芹菜苷Apiin		7.61E+05				3.74E+04			6.29E+04
		地奥司明Diosmin		2.13E+05				1.00E+04			9.00E+00
		鸢尾黄素Tectorigenin		7.04E+03				5.16E+02			9.00E+00
		光甘草定Glabridin		1.83E+04				7.23E+02			2.46E+04
		根皮苷Phloridzin		3.52E+06				1.91E+06			2.82E+06
		羟甲基黄酮 5-O-己糖苷Selgin 5-O-hexoside		3.88E+05				8.16E+05			4.64E+04
		氧甲基金圣草黄素 5-O-己糖苷O-methylChrysoeriol 5-O-hexoside		2.78E+04				2.24E+04			5.36E+04
		柚皮素C-己糖苷Naringenin C-hexoside		4.42E+06				1.20E+06			9.00E+00
		羟甲基黄酮O-丙二酰己糖苷Selgin O-malonylhexoside		2.64E+04				9.54E+04			2.97E+03
		麦黄酮O-鼠李糖-丙二酰己糖苷Tricin O-rhamnosyl-O-malonylhexoside		4.66E+03				1.67E+04			9.00E+00
		芹菜素C-葡萄糖苷Apigenin C-glucoside		2.32E+07				6.20E+06			2.79E+04
		氧甲基柚皮素C-戊糖苷O-methylnaringenin C-pentoside		5.94E+04				4.67E+04			9.00E+00
		木犀草素6-C-葡萄糖苷Luteolin 6-C-glucoside		1.25E+07				7.78E+05			3.27E+03
种类 Type	化合物名称 Compound name					湘农霓裳 Xiangnong Nichang			湘农粉娇 Xiangnong Fenjiao			湘农湘韵 Xiangnong Xiangyun
	C-己糖基白杨素O-阿魏酰己糖苷C-hexosyl-chrysin O-feruloylhexoside					9.00E+00			9.00E+00			9.00E+00
	毡毛美洲茶素Velutin					4.28E+04			3.78E+04			1.69E+04
	菠叶素Spinacetin					1.22E+05			3.24E+05			5.65E+04
	氧甲基金圣草黄素7-O-己糖苷O-methylChrysoeriol 7-O-hexoside					3.06E+04			2.18E+04			5.63E+04
	C-己糖基金圣草黄素O-己糖苷C-hexosyl-chrysoeriol O-hexoside					9.00E+00			9.00E+00			1.15E+04
	木犀草素O-己糖基-O-戊糖苷Luteolin O-hexosyl-O-pentoside					2.15E+04			5.59E+04			3.86E+04
	芹菜素O-丙二酰己糖苷Apigenin O-malonylhexoside					2.50E+05			3.55E+04			1.54E+04
	金圣草黄素O-芥子酰己糖苷Chrysoeriol O-sinapoylhexoside					9.00E+00			9.00E+00			9.00E+00
	白杨素5-O-己糖苷Chrysin 5-O-glucoside (Toringin)					2.67E+05			1.43E+05			7.88E+04
	木犀草素3',7-二氧葡萄糖苷Luteolin 3',7-di-O-glucoside					2.99E+05			4.00E+05			2.09E+06
	金圣草黄素O-己糖基-O-芸香糖苷Chrysoeriol O-hexosyl-O-rutinoside					9.00E+00			9.00E+00			9.00E+00
	金圣草黄素7-O-芸香糖苷Chrysoeriol 7-O-rutinoside					9.00E+00			9.00E+00			9.00E+00
	丁香亭7-O-己糖苷Syringetin 7-O-hexoside					8.56E+06			1.96E+07			3.22E+06
	8-C-己糖基-橙皮素O-己糖苷8-C-hexosyl-hesperetin O-hexoside					8.81E+06			1.97E+07			1.76E+06
	C-己糖基木犀草素O-己糖苷C-hexosyl-luteolin O-hexoside					8.19E+05			7.54E+04			9.00E+00
	6-C-己糖基-木犀草素O-己糖苷6-C-hexosyl-luteolin O-hexoside					5.16E+04			6.16E+04			1.39E+05
	圣草酚C-己糖基-O-己糖苷Eriodictiol C-hexosyl-O-hexoside					1.33E+06			1.44E+06			4.74E+06
	金圣草黄素6-C-己糖苷Chrysoeriol 6-C-hexoside					9.00E+00			4.70E+03			9.00E+00
	6-C-己糖基-橙皮素O-己糖苷6-C-hexosyl-hesperetin O-hexoside					1.43E+06			1.58E+06			1.56E+06
	8-C-己糖基-木犀草素O-戊糖苷8-C-hexosyl-luteolin O-pentoside					1.09E+04			2.22E+04			1.33E+04
	芹菜素C,C-二己糖苷di-C,C-hexosyl-apigenin					9.00E+00			9.00E+00			9.00E+00
	C-己糖基-木犀草素O-对香豆酰己糖苷C-hexosyl-luteolin O-p-coumaroylhexoside					9.00E+00			9.00E+00			1.43E+04
	8-C-己糖苷-木犀草素O-己糖苷8-C-hexosyl-luteolin O-hexoside					1.41E+04			1.03E+05			3.39E+03
	木犀草素8-C-己糖苷-O-己糖苷Luteolin 8-C-hexosyl-O-hexoside					5.39E+03			9.98E+03			2.22E+04
	金圣草黄素C-己糖苷Chrysoeriol C-hexoside					2.84E+04			2.28E+04			2.56E+04
	8-C-己糖基金圣草黄素O-己糖苷8-C-hexosyl chrysoeriol O-hexoside					8.03E+05			1.46E+06			9.00E+00
	金圣草黄素8-C-己糖苷Chrysoeriol 8-C-hexoside					1.65E+05			1.24E+04			9.00E+00
	麦黄酮7-O-己糖基-O-己糖苷Tricin 7-O-hexosyl-O-hexoside					1.72E+06			3.24E+06			2.42E+04
	麦黄酮O-鼠李糖苷Tricin O-rhamnoside					3.71E+05			1.75E+05			3.28E+05
	麦黄酮7-O-阿魏酰己糖苷Tricin 7-O-feruloylhexoside					2.83E+03			4.25E+03			4.33E+03
	麦黄酮5-O-阿魏酰己糖苷Tricin 5-O-feruloylhexoside					1.77E+04			1.54E+04			7.03E+03
	麦黄酮O-己糖基-O-丁香醇Tricin O-hexosyl-O-syringin alcohol					9.00E+00			2.53E+03			6.60E+03
	麦黄酮4'-O-愈创木基甘油醚Tricin 4'-O-β-guaiacylglycerol					8.95E+03			1.56E+04			3.06E+03
	麦黄酮Tricin					7.49E+04			9.79E+04			3.31E+04
	芹菜素C-戊糖基-O-二鼠李糖苷Chrysoeriol C-pentosyl-O-rhamnosyl-rhamnoside					5.46E+03			6.05E+03			9.84E+03
	金合欢素O-乙酰己糖苷Acacetin O-acetyl hexoside					1.92E+04			2.53E+04			1.87E+04
	金合欢素O-葡萄糖醛酸Acacetin O-glucuronic acid					2.51E+03			7.33E+03			9.00E+00
	金圣草黄素5-O-己糖苷Chrysoeriol 5-O-hexoside					6.07E+03			3.73E+04			4.50E+03
	芹菜素7-O-葡萄糖苷Apigenin 7-O-glucoside (Cosmosiin)					8.09E+05			1.58E+05			1.62E+05
	木犀草素O-琥珀酸-O-己糖苷Luteolin O-eudesmic acid-O-hexoside					7.90E+04			1.06E+05			2.96E+05
	圣草酚C-己糖Eriodictyol C-hexoside					1.93E+06			9.27E+05			9.02E+05
	木犀草素C-己糖苷Luteolin C-hexoside					4.05E+05			3.01E+04			3.13E+03
	麦黄酮O-丙二酰莽草酸Tricin O-malonyl shikimic acid					7.87E+02			5.73E+02			2.99E+03
	麦黄酮O-葡萄糖二酸Tricin O-saccharic acid					7.27E+05			3.85E+05			1.21E+06
	麦黄酮O-葡萄糖醛酸Tricin O-glucuronic acid					8.70E+02			9.00E+00			1.73E+04
	麦黄酮7-O-己糖苷Tricin 7-O-hexoside					3.40E+04			1.14E+04			9.08E+04
	麦黄酮4'-O-丁香醇醚 5-O-己糖苷Tricin 4'-O-(syringyl alcohol) ether 5-O-hexoside					9.00E+00			3.95E+04			2.03E+04
	木犀草素Luteolin					6.63E+05			1.75E+05			5.54E+04
	穗花杉双黄酮Amentoflavone					7.94E+03			3.57E+03			1.18E+04
	白杨素Chrysin					4.18E+04			2.76E+04			1.32E+04
	芹菜素7-O-新橘皮糖苷Apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside					9.00E+00			9.00E+00			9.00E+00
	芹菜素5-O-葡萄糖苷Apigenin 5-O-glucoside					8.46E+06			2.39E+06			1.30E+04
	金圣草(黄)素Chrysoeriol					4.74E+04			1.93E+04			1.38E+04
	异野漆树苷Apigenin 7-rutinoside (Isorhoifolin)					9.00E+00			9.00E+00			9.00E+00
	芹菜素Apigenin					1.82E+05			4.16E+04			5.94E+04
	黄芩素 Baicalein (5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone)					8.06E+03			3.55E+03			2.42E+03
	川陈皮素Nobiletin					3.35E+04			1.40E+04			1.81E+04
	金合欢素Acacetin					3.63E+04			2.73E+04			1.32E+04
	桔皮素Tangeretin					2.64E+04			9.42E+03			1.41E+04
	芹菜素 4'-O-鼠李糖苷Apigenin 4-O-rhamnoside					9.14E+04			8.21E+03			6.42E+03
种类 Type	化合物名称 Compound name					湘农霓裳 Xiangnong Nichang			湘农粉娇 Xiangnong Fenjiao			湘农湘韵 Xiangnong Xiangyun
	异柚葡糖苷Isohemiphloin					8.48E+04			1.99E+05			1.49E+05
	异牧荆素Isovitexin					2.11E+07			5.92E+06			2.64E+04
	樱花素sakuranetin					8.36E+03			1.69E+04			2.46E+03
	木犀草苷Luteolin 7-O-glucoside (Cynaroside)					8.68E+05			2.82E+05			5.16E+04
	五羟黄酮Tricetin					1.97E+06			1.25E+06			1.13E+06
	紫铆素Butin					1.76E+06			3.16E+06			1.32E+06
	7,4'-二羟基黄酮 7,4'-Dihydroxyflavone					9.63E+03			2.17E+04			2.97E+04
	芹菜素-6,8-二-C-葡萄糖苷 Apigenin 6,8-C-diglucoside					3.67E+05			9.78E+04			9.00E+00
	芹菜素-6,8-二-C-葡萄糖苷 6,8-di-C-glucoside Apigenine					1.31E+07			2.73E+06			2.05E+04
	4,2',4',6'-四羟基查尔酮 4,2',4',6'-Tetrahydroxychalcone					1.66E+06			6.32E+05			1.20E+06
	二没食子儿茶Gallocatechin-gallocatechin					1.94E+07			5.94E+06			3.30E+05
酚酸 Phenolic acid	咖啡酰原儿茶酸Protocatechuic acid O-glucoside					3.38E+06			3.06E+06			8.80E+05
	三儿茶素Catechin-catechin-catechin					6.88E+03			9.00E+03			1.24E+03
	表儿茶素表阿夫儿茶精Epicatechin-epiafzelechin					9.70E+02			9.00E+00			9.00E+00
	儿茶素Catechin					9.44E+05			7.74E+05			6.35E+04
	表儿茶素L-Epicatechin					3.81E+05			4.87E+05			1.45E+05
	表没食子酸儿茶素没食子酸酯Epigallate catechin gallate					1.15E+07			1.08E+07			5.38E+06
	表没食子酸儿茶素Epigallocatechin (EGC)					1.83E+05			2.99E+05			3.48E+04
	没食子儿茶素(+)-Gallocatechin (GC)					1.59E+06			1.20E+06			1.99E+05
	表儿茶素没食子酸Epicatechin gallate (ECG)					5.88E+06			2.19E+06			9.19E+05
	原儿茶酸Protocatechuic acid					7.53E+05			8.09E+05			1.46E+06
	鞣花酸Ellagic acid					2.00E+05			2.17E+05			1.83E+05
	原儿茶醛Protocatechuic aldehyde					2.00E+04			2.80E+04			1.86E+04
	儿茶素没食子酸酯Catechin gallate,CG					2.29E+05			7.49E+04			2.98E+04
	茶黄素-3-没食子酸酯Theaflavin-3-gallate					4.55E+06			1.36E+06			2.90E+05
	茶黄素-3'-没食子酸酯Theaflavin					4.95E+06			1.45E+06			3.18E+05
	(-)-表阿夫儿茶精 (-)-Epiafzelechin					9.00E+00			9.00E+00			9.00E+00
	没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯Gallocatechin gallate					4.62E+05			4.37E+05			1.92E+05
	6-姜酚6-Gingerol					8.71E+05			5.00E+05			1.25E+06
原花青素 Procyanidin	原花青素A1 Procyanidin A1					9.00E+00			3.56E+03			5.96E+03
	原花青素B2 Procyanidin B2					6.63E+04			9.02E+04			1.15E+04
	原花青素B3 Procyanidin B3					7.15E+04			1.02E+05			1.24E+04

[1]	YE Zimao, SHEN Wanxia, LIU Mengyu, WANG Tong, ZHANG Xiaonan, YU Xin, LIU Xiaofeng, and ZHAO Xiaochun, . Effect of R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor CitMYB21 on Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Citrus [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(2): 250-264.
[2]	JIANG Yu, TU Xunliang, and HE Junrong. Analysis of Differential Expression Genes in Leaves of Leaf Color Mutant of Chinese Orchid [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(2): 371-381.
[3]	GE Shibei, ZHANG Xuening, HAN Wenyan, LI Qingyun, LI Xin. Research Progress on Plant Flavonoids Biosynthesis and Their Anti-stress Mechanism [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(1): 209-224.
[4]	BI Sisheng, ZHANG Lanying, WANG Hongyong, WANG Zhenmeng, MA Bingyao, GAO Wei, and LIU Guimin, . A New Northern Red Oak Cultivar‘Golden Prince' [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(S1): 179-180.
[5]	JIANG Jing, CHEN Kun, LI Yidi, CHEN Su, and LIU Guifeng. A New Poplar Cultivar‘Huihuang 1’with Yellower Green Leaves [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(S2): 3011-3012.
[6]	LI Zhengpeng, LI Yu, CHEN Wanchao, ZHANG Henan, WU Di, and YANG Yan. A New Inontus hispidus Cultivar‘Huhuang 1’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(S2): 3023-3024.
[7]	MA Lulin, DUAN Qing, CUI Guangfen, DU Wenwen, JIA Wenjie, WANG Xiangning, WANG Jihua, CHEN Fadi. Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for qRT-PCR Analysis of the Correlated Genes in Flower Pigments Biosynthesis Pathway of Anemone obtusiloba [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(2): 377-388.
[8]	LU Suwen, ZHENG Xuanang, WANG Jiayang, FANG Jinggui. Research Progress on the Metabolism of Flavonoids in Grape [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(12): 2506-2524.
[9]	LIN Qifang, LIU Tingting, LIU Jieru, CAI Ming, CHENG Tangren, WANG Jia, ZHANG Qixiang, PAN Huitang. Flavonoids Composition and Content in Petals of Lagerstroemia and Heimia Species and Cultivars [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(10): 1956-1968.
[10]	WEN Jiaxin, WANG Chaolin, FENG Hui, LI Shanshan, WANG Liangsheng, WU Ronghua, ZHAO Shiwei. Research Progress on Flower Color of Rose [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(10): 2044-2056.
[11]	LIU Qingqing, ZHANG Dasheng, LIU Fengluan, CAI Dong, WANG Xiaohan, LIANG Lu, TIAN Daike, WANG Liangsheng. Advances in Flower Color Research on Lotus（Nelumbo） [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(10): 2100-2112.
[12]	JIANG Jing, ZHENG Yu, LI Huiyu, GANG Huixin, CHEN Su, and LIU Guifeng. A New Birch Cultivar‘Zhaoxia 2’ [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2020, 47(S2): 3125-3126.
[13]	LIU Fuzhong, ZHANG Ying, YANG Jinkun, CHEN Yuhui, SHU Jinshuai, LI shupei, and CHEN Lulu. Characterization and Genetic Analysis of a Yellowing Mutant of Eggplant Leaf Color [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2020, 47(12): 2340-2348.
[14]	ZHANG Lulu1，MAO Yunfei1，ZHANG Canhong2，ZHANG Duojiao2，and SHEN Xiang1,*. A New Ornamental Crabapple Cultivar‘Duojiao’ [J]. ACTA HORTICULTURAE SINICA, 2019, 46(S2): 2907-2908.
[15]	SHEN Wanxia，WANG Zhibin，XUE Yang，ZHAO Wantong，ZHU Shiping，and ZHAO Xiaochun*. Characterization of 4-coumarate：CoA Ligase（4CL）Gene Family in Citrus [J]. ACTA HORTICULTURAE SINICA, 2019, 46(6): 1068-1078.