Abstract: The chromosome identifications of allotriploid and allotetraploid of Chinese cabbage–cauliflower were carried out by morphological，anatomical and cytological observation and molecular marker technique. The results showed that，compared with diploids，the polyploid plants possessed gigantism in the leaves，stomata，flowering organs and reduction in the density of stomata and fecundity， allotetraploid was more obvious than allotriploid generally. According to SRAP molecular marker analysis，the polyploids contained all genetic information of both parents，which showed that polyploids were real hybrids. Cytological identification revealed that chromosome number of allotetraploid was 2n = 4x = 38 and chromosome number of allotriploid was 2n = 3x = 29. The obtaining and identification of allopolyploids provide materials for creating new Chinese cabbage germplasm.

Key words: Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, allopolyploid, chromosome identification