Abstract: The soil continuous cropping cucumber 8 years was as material，4 different cultivation systems were designed，excepting the tomato was planting in the early spring season in CS3 and cucumber was in the traditional two season. The experiment was carried by pot experiment 3-year. The summer season data in third year was used to examine the effect of four different cultivation systems on soil microbial function structure diversity，carbon sources，microbial biomass C and N，and autumn winter season cucumber yield. The results showed that，catching garlic（CS4），crown daisy（CS2）and spinach-chinese cabbage（CS3）could significantly increase microbial community function structure diversity，evenness and Average well color develop（AWCD）comparing to control. The AWCD value in the 72 h were increased by 57.0%，26.1%，57.2% separately. Principal component 1 and 1 to 3 weighting，control was obviously differed from other cultivation systems. Comparing to control，the utilization of polymer and carbohydrate by CS2，CS3，CS4 were significantly higher，and their microbial biomass C/N were 14.4，14.9，9.3，also significantly higher than control，the utilization of phenolic compounds by CS2 was significantly higher than others，and CS2 and CS4 increased autumn winter cucumber yield as well as. Sum the results up，CS2，CS3 and CS4 could change the carbon sources significantly，thus change the component of microbial community and the utilization of carbon sources. 　

Key words: cucumber, cultivation systems, soil microbial community