Differences in Volatile Compounds of Citrus medica‘Guangdong Xiangshui’Fruits in Different Harvesting Seasons from Weishan of Yunnan Province

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0943

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (9): 2439-2452.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0943

• Cultivation·Physiology & Biochemistry • Previous Articles Next Articles

Differences in Volatile Compounds of Citrus medica‘Guangdong Xiangshui’Fruits in Different Harvesting Seasons from Weishan of Yunnan Province

LI Xue¹^,², CAI Zhonghu³, GAO Junyan⁴, CHEN Jiajing¹^,², LIU Yuan¹^,²^,^*(), XU Juan¹^,²^,^*()

¹ National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops， College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences，Huazhong Agricultural University， Wuhan 430070， China
² Horticultural Products Sensory Evaluation and Quality Testing Center， Huazhong Agricultural University， Wuhan 430070， China
³ Yunnan Dali Weishan Jufeng Agricultural Technology Co.， Ltd，Dali， Yunnan 671000， China
⁴ Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops， Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Baoshan， Yunnan 678000， China

Received:2025-04-23 Revised:2025-07-07 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-09-24
Contact: LIU Yuan, XU Juan

Abstract

Abstract:

Taking the fruits of‘Guangdong Xiangshui’lemon（Citrus medica）harvested in spring，summer，autumn and winter in Weishan area of Yunnan as materials，the volatile profiles of fruit slices at post flowering stage，enlargement stage and commercial maturity stage were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）. The results showed that 32 volatile compounds were detected in all the samples，including 8 monoterpenes，2 monoterpene alcohols，3 monoterpene aldehydes，3 monoterpene esters，1 monoterpene oxide，10 sesquiterpenes，1 sesquiterpene alcohol，3 aldehydes and 1 other compound. Monoterpenes were dominated by d-Limonene and β-Myrcene，and d-Limonene accounted for 86.08% to 92.02% of the total volatiles；monoterpene aldehydes were dominated by β-Citral，α-Citral and Citronellal. Among different development stages，volatile compounds were most abundant in the post flowering stage. Regarding commercial maturity stage fruits of each season，winter fruits had the highest total volatile content，the richest compounds were found in summer fruits，whereas spring fruits had the least compounds and lowest content. PLS-DA analysis based on volatiles can effectively distinguish commercial maturity stage fruits harvested from different seasons；α-Terpinol content was the highest in autumn fruits，reaching（2.49 ± 0.18）μg · g^-1，whilst it was only（1.59 ± 0.18）μg · g^-1 in summer fruits；Undecanal was detected only in winter fruits. Largely variated volatile compounds richness and contents at different development stages of four seasons in the slices of Guangdong Xiangshui lemon fruits were investigated. During the enlargement stage in autumn，the fruits had the best aroma quality due to the accumulation of aroma active compounds such as citronellal，β-citral and α-citral；the aroma quality of fruits at the commercial maturity stage was superior when harvested in winter and summer；the fruits at post flowering stage harvested in summer had the highest content of volatile compounds. The results of this study can provide data support for timely harvesting and quality monitoring of Guangdongxiangshui lemon in Weishan，Yunnan.

Key words: Citrus medica‘Guangdong Xiangshui’, volatile compounds, harvested seasons, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

LI Xue, CAI Zhonghu, GAO Junyan, CHEN Jiajing, LIU Yuan, XU Juan. Differences in Volatile Compounds of Citrus medica‘Guangdong Xiangshui’Fruits in Different Harvesting Seasons from Weishan of Yunnan Province[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(9): 2439-2452.

Figures/Tables 9

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序号 Number	化合物 Compounds	CAS号 CAS number	分子式 Formula	来源 Source
1	β-月桂烯 β-Myrcene	123-35-3	C₁₀H₁₆	上海源叶生物科技有限公司 Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co.，Ltd
2	γ-松油烯 γ-Terpinene	99-85-4	C₁₀H₁₆	上海源叶生物科技有限公司 Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co.，Lt
3	萜品油烯Terpinolene	586-62-9	C₁₀H₁₆	SAFC
4	芳樟醇 Linalool	78-70-6	C₁₀H₁₈O	上海源叶生物科技有限公司 Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co.，Lt
5	香茅醛 Citronellal	106-23-0	C₁₀H₁₈O	上海源叶生物科技有限公司 Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co.，Lt
6	乙酸橙花酯 Neryl acetate	141-12-8	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	Alfa Aesar
7	乙酸香叶酯 Geranyl acetate	105-87-3	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	Sigma-Aldrich
8	壬醛 Nonanal	124-19-6	C₉H₁₈O	Sigma-Aldrich
9	癸醛 Decanal	112-31-2	C₁₀H₂₀O	Macklin

序号 Number	化合物 Compounds	CAS号 CAS number	分子式 Formula	来源 Source
1	β-月桂烯 β-Myrcene	123-35-3	C₁₀H₁₆	上海源叶生物科技有限公司 Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co.，Ltd
2	γ-松油烯 γ-Terpinene	99-85-4	C₁₀H₁₆	上海源叶生物科技有限公司 Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co.，Lt
3	萜品油烯Terpinolene	586-62-9	C₁₀H₁₆	SAFC
4	芳樟醇 Linalool	78-70-6	C₁₀H₁₈O	上海源叶生物科技有限公司 Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co.，Lt
5	香茅醛 Citronellal	106-23-0	C₁₀H₁₈O	上海源叶生物科技有限公司 Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co.，Lt
6	乙酸橙花酯 Neryl acetate	141-12-8	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	Alfa Aesar
7	乙酸香叶酯 Geranyl acetate	105-87-3	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	Sigma-Aldrich
8	壬醛 Nonanal	124-19-6	C₉H₁₈O	Sigma-Aldrich
9	癸醛 Decanal	112-31-2	C₁₀H₂₀O	Macklin

序号 Number	挥发性物质 Volatile compounds	保留时间/min Retention time	保留指数 RI	参考保留指数 Reference RI
单萜 Monoterpenes
1	α-蒎烯 α-Pinene	12.40	929	937
2	水合桧烯 Sabinen	14.90	969	974
3	β-月桂烯 β-Myrcene	16.23	991	991
4	d-柠檬烯 d-Limonene	18.67	1 027	1 031
5	顺式-β-罗勒烯 cis-β-Ocimene	19.45	1 038	1 038
6	反式-β-罗勒烯 trans-β-Ocimene	20.13	1 048	1 049
7	γ-松油烯 γ-Terpinene	20.74	1 057	1 060
8	萜品油烯 Terpinolene	22.72	1 086	1 088
单萜醇 Monoterpene alcohols
9	芳樟醇 Linalool	23.82	1 102	1 099
10	α-松油醇 α-Terpineol	30.05	1 191	1 189
单萜醛 Monoterpene aldehydes
11	香茅醛 Citronellal	27.38	1 153	1 153
12	β-柠檬醛 β-Citral	33.39	1 241	1 240
13	α-柠檬醛 α-Citral	35.45	1 271	1 270
单萜酯 Monoterpene esters
14	乙酸香茅酯 Citronellyl acetate	40.87	1 354	1 354
15	乙酸橙花酯 Neryl acetate	41.55	1 365	1 364
16	乙酸香叶酯 Geranyl acetate	42.79	1 384	1 382
单萜氧化物 Monoterpene oxides
17	反式-柠檬烯氧化物 trans-Limonene oxide	26.17	1 135	1 138
倍半萜 Sesquiterpenes
18	δ-榄香烯 δ-EIemene	39.59	1 334	1 338
19	β-榄香烯 β-Elemene	43.09	1 389	1 391
20	β-石竹烯 β-Caryophyllene	44.66	1 414	1 419
21	α-波旁烯 α-Bergamotene	45.83	1 433	1 435
22	α-石竹烯 α-Caryophyllene	46.79	1 449	1 454
23	反式-β-法尼烯 trans-β-Farnesene	47.28	1 457	1 457
24	吉马烯 D Germacrene D	48.48	1 477	1 481
25	顺式-α-红没药烯 cis-α-Bisabolene	49.98	1 502	1 504
26	β-红没药烯 β-Bisabolene	50.32	1 507	1 509
27	吉马烯 B Germacrene B	52.92	1 552	1 557
倍半萜醇 Sesquiterpene alcohols
28	α-红没药醇 α-Bisabolol	60.48	1 687	1 684
醛类 Aldehydes
29	壬醛 Nonanal	24.01	1 104	1 104
30	癸醛 Decanal	31.08	1 206	1 206
31	十一醛 Undecanal	37.85	1 307	1 307
其他 Others
32	2,4-二叔丁基苯酚 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol	51.17	1 522	1 519

序号 Number	挥发性物质 Volatile compounds	保留时间/min Retention time	保留指数 RI	参考保留指数 Reference RI
单萜 Monoterpenes
1	α-蒎烯 α-Pinene	12.40	929	937
2	水合桧烯 Sabinen	14.90	969	974
3	β-月桂烯 β-Myrcene	16.23	991	991
4	d-柠檬烯 d-Limonene	18.67	1 027	1 031
5	顺式-β-罗勒烯 cis-β-Ocimene	19.45	1 038	1 038
6	反式-β-罗勒烯 trans-β-Ocimene	20.13	1 048	1 049
7	γ-松油烯 γ-Terpinene	20.74	1 057	1 060
8	萜品油烯 Terpinolene	22.72	1 086	1 088
单萜醇 Monoterpene alcohols
9	芳樟醇 Linalool	23.82	1 102	1 099
10	α-松油醇 α-Terpineol	30.05	1 191	1 189
单萜醛 Monoterpene aldehydes
11	香茅醛 Citronellal	27.38	1 153	1 153
12	β-柠檬醛 β-Citral	33.39	1 241	1 240
13	α-柠檬醛 α-Citral	35.45	1 271	1 270
单萜酯 Monoterpene esters
14	乙酸香茅酯 Citronellyl acetate	40.87	1 354	1 354
15	乙酸橙花酯 Neryl acetate	41.55	1 365	1 364
16	乙酸香叶酯 Geranyl acetate	42.79	1 384	1 382
单萜氧化物 Monoterpene oxides
17	反式-柠檬烯氧化物 trans-Limonene oxide	26.17	1 135	1 138
倍半萜 Sesquiterpenes
18	δ-榄香烯 δ-EIemene	39.59	1 334	1 338
19	β-榄香烯 β-Elemene	43.09	1 389	1 391
20	β-石竹烯 β-Caryophyllene	44.66	1 414	1 419
21	α-波旁烯 α-Bergamotene	45.83	1 433	1 435
22	α-石竹烯 α-Caryophyllene	46.79	1 449	1 454
23	反式-β-法尼烯 trans-β-Farnesene	47.28	1 457	1 457
24	吉马烯 D Germacrene D	48.48	1 477	1 481
25	顺式-α-红没药烯 cis-α-Bisabolene	49.98	1 502	1 504
26	β-红没药烯 β-Bisabolene	50.32	1 507	1 509
27	吉马烯 B Germacrene B	52.92	1 552	1 557
倍半萜醇 Sesquiterpene alcohols
28	α-红没药醇 α-Bisabolol	60.48	1 687	1 684
醛类 Aldehydes
29	壬醛 Nonanal	24.01	1 104	1 104
30	癸醛 Decanal	31.08	1 206	1 206
31	十一醛 Undecanal	37.85	1 307	1 307
其他 Others
32	2,4-二叔丁基苯酚 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol	51.17	1 522	1 519

种类 Type	脱花后 Post flowering stage				膨大期 Enlargement stage
种类 Type	冬季 Winter	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn	冬季 Winter	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn
单萜 Monoterpenes	6	6	8	8	7	6	8	8
单萜醇 Monoterpene alcohols	2	2	2	2	1	2	2	2
单萜醛 Monoterpene aldehydes	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3
单萜酯 Monoterpene esters	3	3	3	3	2	3	3	3
单萜氧化物 Monoterpene oxides	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0
倍半萜 Sesquiterpenes	8	7	10	10	8	7	9	9
倍半萜醇 Sesquiterpene alcohols	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1
醛类Aldehydes	0	0	3	1	2	0	3	1
其他Others	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1
总计Total	22	21	32	30	23	21	30	28
种类 Type	商业成熟期 Commercial maturity stage
种类 Type	冬季 Winter	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn
单萜 Monoterpenes	7	6	8	8
单萜醇 Monoterpene alcohols	1	2	2	2
单萜醛 Monoterpene aldehydes	3	3	3	3
单萜酯 Monoterpene esters	2	1	2	2
单萜氧化物 Monoterpene oxides	0	0	0	0
倍半萜 Sesquiterpenes	8	6	10	9
倍半萜醇 Sesquiterpene alcohols	0	0	1	1
醛类Aldehydes	1	0	1	1
其他Others	0	0	1	1
总计Total	22	18	28	27

Differences in Volatile Compounds of Citrus medica‘Guangdong Xiangshui’Fruits in Different Harvesting Seasons from Weishan of Yunnan Province

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物质 Compounds	冬季 Winter			春季 Spring
物质 Compounds	S1	S2	S3	S1	S2	S3
α-蒎烯 α-Pinene	14.22 ± 3.05 a	17.50 ± 2.45 a	17.51 ± 1.84 a	17.45 ± 1.83 a	16.73 ± 11.38 a	3.88 ± 1.13 a
水合桧烯 Sabinen	4.36 ± 0.79 b	4.72 ± 1.08 b	7.94 ± 0.37 a	5.18 ± 0.11 a	4.80 ± 3.25 a	1.26 ± 0.29 a
β-月桂烯 β-Myrcene	49.19 ± 10.08 a	61.71 ± 9.15 a	62.43 ± 5.55 a	61.88 ± 3.45 a	60.40 ± 40.54 a	14.94 ± 2.98 a
d-柠檬烯 d-Limonene	3 629.48 ± 782.71 a	4 350.68 ± 640.61 a	4 468.78 ± 412.54 a	4 387.38 ± 315.17 a	4 428.57 ± 3 222.75 a	1 077.83 ± 197.83 a
顺式-β-罗勒烯 cis-β-Ocimene	19.14 ± 5.04 a	13.03 ± 1.81 a	12.80 ± 0.78 a	25.00 ± 2.34 a	11.13 ± 8.88 b	2.31 ± 0.42 b
反式-β-罗勒烯 trans-β-Ocimene	25.40 ± 6.53 a	16.70 ± 2.61 b	16.58 ± 0.60 b	33.11 ± 2.89 a	14.20 ± 11.57 b	2.27 ± 0.22 b
γ-松油烯 γ-Terpinene	—	2.88 ± 1.40 a	3.15 ± 0.69 a	—	—	—
萜品油烯 Terpinolene	—	—	—	—	—	—
芳樟醇 Linalool	6.13 ± 1.03 b	10.71 ± 1.35 a	12.28 ± 1.70 a	4.84 ± 0.43 a	10.21 ± 5.82 a	4.00 ± 0.56 a
α-松油醇 α-Terpineol	4.28 ± 1.04 a	—	—	4.01 ± 0.38 a	4.78 ± 2.81 a	1.93 ± 0.28 a
香茅醛 Citronellal	33.55 ± 13.65 a	113.06 ± 34.62 a	113.30 ± 56.95 a	21.66 ± 9.18 a	40.79 ± 33.65 a	3.54 ± 0.38 a
β-柠檬醛 β-Citral	44.21 ± 6.61 b	114.37 ± 16.26 a	132.38 ± 21.69 a	26.14 ± 7.73 b	132.22 ± 75.41 a	47.42 ± 6.32 ab
α-柠檬醛 α-Citral	54.57 ± 9.85 b	156.25 ± 21.57 a	186.47 ± 32.09 a	23.70 ± 9.21 b	177.08 ± 100.54 a	65.40 ± 9.58 ab
乙酸香茅酯 Citronellyl acetate	1.60 ± 0.81 a	—	—	3.06 ± 0.98 a	1.94 ± 1.99 a	—
乙酸橙花酯 Neryl acetate	2.98 ± 0.85 a	5.21 ± 3.16 a	4.16 ± 0.18 a	4.86 ± 0.77 a	4.01 ± 3.07 a	—
乙酸香叶酯 Geranyl acetate	21.33 ± 2.07 a	22.62 ± 3.97 a	23.61 ± 5.40 a	25.33 ± 3.57 a	31.44 ± 19.47 a	7.44 ± 0.70 a
反式柠檬烯氧化物 trans-Limonene oxide	—	—	—	—	—	—
δ-榄香烯 δ-EIemene	8.49 ± 1.80 a	5.01 ± 0.58 b	5.17 ± 0.35 b	12.02 ± 1.05 a	5.93 ± 3.56 b	2.29 ± 0.39 b
β-榄香烯 β-Elemene	—	—	—	—	—	—
β-石竹烯 β-Caryophyllene	15.77 ± 4.59 a	5.80 ± 1.36 b	5.01 ± 0.55 b	19.08 ± 2.08 a	8.86 ± 5.47 b	1.76 ± 0.26 c
α-波旁烯 α-Bergamotene	23.71 ± 6.25 a	22.85 ± 3.76 a	20.52 ± 2.00 a	26.76 ± 2.89 a	20.98 ± 13.29 ab	5.15 ± 0.06 b
α-石竹烯 α-caryophyllene	—	—	—	—	—	—
反式-β-法尼烯 trans-β-Farnesene	3.39 ± 0.37 a	2.56 ± 0.44 a	2.55 ± 0.48 a	—	—	—
吉马烯 D Germacrene D	8.31 ± 1.62 a	3.98 ± 0.22 b	4.06 ± 0.37 b	10.69 ± 0.96 a	5.36 ± 3.83 b	1.62 ± 0.16 b
顺式-α-红没药烯 cis-α-Bisabolene	4.58 ± 1.00 a	3.19 ± 0.29 b	2.91 ± 0.18 b	4.99 ± 0.46 a	3.45 ± 2.16 a	—
β-红没药烯 β-Bisabolene	31.01 ± 8.90 a	29.12 ± 4.58 a	26.73 ± 2.61 a	33.70 ± 3.55 a	27.29 ± 17.81 ab	6.24 ± 0.31 b
吉马烯 B Germacrene B	14.62 ± 2.98 a	6.38 ± 0.24 b	6.47 ± 0.53 b	17.15 ± 1.42 a	9.74 ± 6.84 ab	2.87 ± 0.19 b
α-红没药醇 α-Bisabolol	—	—	—	—	—	—
壬醛 Nonanal	—	—	—	—	—	—
癸醛 Decanal	—	1.33 ± 0.26 a	—	—	—	—
十一醛 Undecanal	—	1.14 ± 0.38 b	1.98 ± 0.26 a	—	—	—
2,4-二叔丁基苯酚 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol	—	—	—	—	—	—
总计 Total	4 020.32 ± 871.62 a	4 970.80 ± 752.15 a	5 136.79 ± 547.71 a	4 767.99 ± 370.45 a	5 019.91 ± 3 549.09 a	1 252.15 ± 222.06 a
α-蒎烯 α-Pinene	37.21 ± 5.97 a	17.10 ± 1.71 b	10.75 ± 2.25 b	30.08 ± 3.01 a	24.09 ± 3.71 a	13.13 ± 1.73 b
水合桧烯 Sabinen	10.03 ± 1.21 a	5.45 ± 0.23 b	3.95 ± 0.65 b	8.97 ± 0.61 a	7.23 ± 0.79 b	4.24 ± 0.56 c
β-月桂烯 β-Myrcene	125.47 ± 18.88 a	60.49 ± 3.47 b	37.20 ± 6.78 b	105.33 ± 8.36 a	86.73 ± 12.80 a	46.08 ± 4.74 b
d-柠檬烯 d-Limonene	7 798.10 ± 1 046.86 a	3 769.61 ± 239.78 b	2 480.05 ± 396.91 b	6 241.53 ± 511.93 a	5 177.00 ± 713.05 a	2 824.16 ± 255.53 b
顺式-β-罗勒烯 cis-β-Ocimene	75.98 ± 7.61 a	23.18 ± 3.49 b	12.14 ± 1.04 c	61.18 ± 5.37 a	33.30 ± 0.61 b	17.32 ± 2.44 c
反式-β-罗勒烯 trans-β-Ocimene	82.69 ± 11.89 a	14.70 ± 1.11 b	6.73 ± 0.69 b	59.50 ± 3.07 a	26.31 ± 4.27 b	9.93 ± 1.04 c
γ-松油烯γ-Terpinene	2.84 ± 0.48 a	3.08 ± 0.91 a	3.14 ± 0.26 a	1.53 ± 0.21 b	1.67 ± 0.30 b	2.37 ± 0.44 a
萜品油烯Terpinolene	1.27 ± 0.13 a	0.80 ± 0.09 b	0.59 ± 0.17 b	0.91 ± 0.10 a	0.84 ± 0.08 a	0.57 ± 0.01 b
芳樟醇 Linalool	9.37 ± 1.65 a	5.32 ± 0.16 b	3.29 ± 0.09 c	6.31 ± 0.58 a	5.83 ± 2.15 a	3.89 ± 0.36 a
α-松油醇α-Terpineol	5.60 ± 0.57 a	3.48 ± 0.37 b	1.59 ± 0.18 c	4.26 ± 0.37 a	4.04 ± 1.11 a	2.49 ± 0.18 b
香茅醛 Citronellal	193.82 ± 20.03 a	112.08 ± 14.31 b	14.64 ± 0.64 c	253.90 ± 15.06 a	297.96 ± 49.43 a	109.73 ± 12.61 b
β-柠檬醛 β-Citral	90.92 ± 12.59 ab	107.33 ± 1.46 a	85.49 ± 7.90 b	50.40 ± 6.09 b	88.12 ± 19.92 a	50.27 ± 5.64 b
α-柠檬醛 α-Citral	115.11 ± 19.03 b	144.64 ± 1.65 a	117.13 ± 10.88 b	56.41 ± 8.98 b	106.46 ± 32.12 a	61.41 ± 5.59 b
乙酸香茅酯 Citronellyl acetate	4.70 ± 0.40 a	1.52 ± 0.13 b	—	9.64 ± 0.98 a	5.38 ± 0.87 a	—
乙酸橙花酯 Neryl acetate	4.47 ± 0.69 a	1.65 ± 0.18 b	1.76 ± 0.21 b	4.74 ± 0.75 a	3.46 ± 0.21 b	2.52 ± 0.68 b
乙酸香叶酯 Geranyl acetate	33.87 ± 4.87 a	7.31 ± 0.20 b	5.33 ± 0.78 b	25.35 ± 1.85 a	12.39 ± 2.56 b	6.63 ± 1.17 c
反式柠檬烯氧化物 trans-Limonene oxide	1.10 ± 0.24 a	—	—	0.79 ± 0.05 a	—	—
δ-榄香烯δ-EIemene	17.21 ± 2.76 a	3.40 ± 0.34 b	4.24 ± 0.13 b	5.48 ± 0.40 a	4.05 ± 0.83 b	1.70 ± 0.19 c
β-榄香烯β-Elemene	2.95 ± 0.47 a	—	0.43 ± 0.11 b	2.35 ± 0.72 a	—	0.67 ± 0.08 b
β-石竹烯 β-Caryophyllene	20.60 ± 3.16 a	5.76 ± 0.46 b	3.45 ± 0.26 b	20.05 ± 0.86 a	8.56 ± 1.60 b	3.72 ± 0.46 c
α-波旁烯 α-Bergamotene	34.93 ± 5.25 a	13.70 ± 0.65 b	8.53 ± 1.13 b	27.35 ± 1.67 a	19.39 ± 3.64 b	11.10 ± 1.43 c
α-石竹烯 α-caryophyllene	2.27 ± 0.17 a	0.70 ± 0.04 b	0.25 ± 0.16 c	1.81 ± 0.07 a	1.24 ± 0.18 b	—
反式-β-法尼烯 trans-β-Farnesene	3.85 ± 0.46 a	1.95 ± 0.23 b	0.94 ± 0.14 c	2.79 ± 0.12 a	2.36 ± 0.65 ab	1.73 ± 0.23 b
吉马烯 D Germacrene D	12.98 ± 1.46 a	2.58 ± 0.16 b	2.29 ± 0.24 b	6.21 ± 0.11 a	3.54 ± 0.58 b	1.48 ± 0.23 c
顺式-α-红没药烯 cis-α-Bisabolene	6.58 ± 0.72 a	2.57 ± 0.25 b	1.20 ± 0.46 c	4.02 ± 0.11 a	3.05 ± 0.60 b	1.90 ± 0.23 c
β-红没药烯 β-Bisabolene	45.76 ± 6.20 a	17.62 ± 1.16 b	11.59 ± 1.38 b	33.93 ± 3.11 a	24.24 ± 5.01 b	13.24 ± 1.80 c
吉马烯 B Germacrene B	20.90 ± 3.12 a	4.07 ± 0.22 b	3.63 ± 0.47 b	9.47 ± 0.30 a	5.32 ± 0.54 b	2.21 ± 0.33 c
α-红没药醇 α-Bisabolol	2.84 ± 0.41 a	1.76 ± 0.12 b	1.34 ± 0.05 b	2.12 ± 0.45 a	1.75 ± 0.46 ab	1.30 ± 0.09 b
壬醛 Nonanal	4.44 ± 1.28 a	3.69 ± 0.13 ab	2.30 ± 0.51 b	2.14 ± 0.80 a	3.54 ± 1.16 a	2.51 ± 0.19 a
癸醛 Decanal	1.94 ± 0.18 a	1.82 ± 0.21 a	—	—	—	—
十一醛 Undecanal	1.60 ± 0.19 a	1.73 ± 0.14 a	—	—	—	—
2,4-二叔丁基苯酚 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol	5.05 ± 0.85 a	6.69 ± 1.09 a	4.65 ± 0.99 a	4.55 ± 0.16 b	6.02 ± 1.64 ab	6.97 ± 0.96 a
总计 Total	8 776.45 ± 1 180.63 a	4 345.78 ± 275.54 b	2 828.66 ± 435.46 c	7 043.10 ± 576.25 a	5 963.87 ± 860.87 a	3 203.27 ± 298.94 b

种类 Type	冬季 Winter	春季 Spring	夏季 Summer	秋季 Autumn
单萜 Monoterpenes	4 589.19 ± 422.37	1 102.49 ± 202.87	2 554.55 ± 408.75	2 917.80 ± 266.49
单萜醇 Monoterpene alcohols	12.28 ± 1.70	5.93 ± 0.84	4.88 ± 0.27	6.38 ± 0.54
单萜醛 Monoterpene aldehydes	432.15 ± 110.73	116.36 ± 16.28	217.26 ± 19.42	221.41 ± 23.84
单萜酯 Monoterpene esters	27.77 ± 5.58	7.44 ± 0.70	7.09 ± 0.99	9.15 ± 1.85
单萜氧化物 Monoterpene oxides	—	—	—	—
倍半萜 Sesquiterpenes	73.42 ± 7.07	19.93 ± 1.37	36.59 ± 4.48	37.75 ± 4.98
倍半萜醇 Sesquiterpene alcohols	—	—	1.34 ± 0.05	1.30 ± 0.09
醛类 Aldehydes	1.98 ± 0.26	—	2.30 ± 0.51	2.51 ± 0.19
其他 Others	—	—	4.65 ± 0.99	6.97 ± 0.96
总计 Total	5 136.79 ± 547.71	1 252.15 ± 222.06	2 828.66 ± 435.46	3 203.27 ± 298.94

挥发性物质 Volatile compounds	VIP	标志季节 Iconic season	挥发性物质 Volatile compounds	VIP	标志季节 Iconic season
α-松油醇 α-Terpineol	1.99	秋季 Autumn	α-柠檬醛 α-Citral	1.14	冬季 Winter
十一醛 Undecanal	1.55	冬季 Winter	壬醛 Nonanal	1.11	秋季 Autumn
β-榄香烯 β-Elemene	1.53	秋季 Autumn	β-柠檬醛 β-Citral	1.02	冬季 Winter
2,4-二叔丁基苯酚 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol	1.41	秋季 Autumn	吉马烯 B Germacrene B	1.01	冬季 Winter
δ-榄香烯 δ-EIemene	1.17	冬季 Winter	乙酸香叶酯 Geranyl acetate	1.01	冬季 Winter
萜品油烯 Terpinolene	1.15	秋季 Autumn	顺式-α-红没药烯 cis-α-Bisabolene	1.00	冬季 Winter

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