Investigation and Analysis of the Flower Bud Freezing Injury in 164 Peach Cultivars After Late Spring Coldness

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0653

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (6): 1613-1622.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0653

• Genetic & Breeding · Germplasm Resources · Molecular Biology • Previous Articles Next Articles

Investigation and Analysis of the Flower Bud Freezing Injury in 164 Peach Cultivars After Late Spring Coldness

TIAN Zhendong, TIAN Qihang, LI Jie, LIU Guojian, WANG Yu, WANG Zhaoyuan, CHANG Ruifeng, LI Yonghong^*()

Changli Fruit Institute， Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences，Qinhuangdao， Hebei 066600， China

Received:2026-01-15 Revised:2026-05-13 Online:2026-06-24 Published:2026-06-24
Contact: LI Yonghong

Abstract

Abstract:

The freezing injury rates of flower buds in 164 peach cultivars and 438 hybrids of the ‘Donghe 1’×‘21st Century’were investigated after the late spring coldness in 2025 at two experimental fields in Qinhuangdao，Hebei Province. The results showed that the flower bud freezing injury rates of the 164 peach cultivars conformed to the distribution characteristics of quantitative traits，presenting a skewed normal distribution. There was a significant negative correlation between the fruit setting number and the flower bud freezing injury rates. The flower bud freezing injury rates of the upper tree was significantly lower than that of the lower tree，and the two are significantly correlated. The overall flower bud freezing injury rate of the hybrid population was relatively high. The vast majority of individual plants showed poor resistance of flower buds to low temperatures below 0 ℃，exhibiting trait decline compared with their parents. In addition to cultivars characteristic，wide spacing，appropriate water，mature age，and the planting point locating in the south，facing the sun and sheltered from the wind had lower flower bud freezing injury rates. Moreover，11 cultivars with high resistance to late spring coldness were Identified，which can be used for breeding and introduction of peach cultivars resistant to late spring coldness.

Key words: peach, late spring coldness, flower bud, cold resistance

TIAN Zhendong, TIAN Qihang, LI Jie, LIU Guojian, WANG Yu, WANG Zhaoyuan, CHANG Ruifeng, LI Yonghong. Investigation and Analysis of the Flower Bud Freezing Injury in 164 Peach Cultivars After Late Spring Coldness[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(6): 1613-1622.

Figures/Tables 13

References 24

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试验点 Experimental field	面积/m² Area			灌溉方式 Irrigation method
孔庄2区Kongzhuang Experimental field 2	8 000	25	2.5 × 4.5	滴灌Trickle irrigation
孔庄3区Kongzhuang Experimental field 3	4 300	39	1.5 × 4.5	喷灌Spray irrigation
孔庄4区Kongzhuang Experimental field 4	5 700	82	2.5 × 4.5	微喷Micro-sprinkler irrigation
施各庄1区Shigezhuang Experimental field 1	6 600	12	2.5 × 4.5	滴灌Trickle irrigation
施各庄5区Shigezhuang Experimental field 5	2 300	6	2.0 × 4.5	滴灌Trickle irrigation
总计Total		164

试验点 Experimental field	面积/m² Area			灌溉方式 Irrigation method
孔庄2区Kongzhuang Experimental field 2	8 000	25	2.5 × 4.5	滴灌Trickle irrigation
孔庄3区Kongzhuang Experimental field 3	4 300	39	1.5 × 4.5	喷灌Spray irrigation
孔庄4区Kongzhuang Experimental field 4	5 700	82	2.5 × 4.5	微喷Micro-sprinkler irrigation
施各庄1区Shigezhuang Experimental field 1	6 600	12	2.5 × 4.5	滴灌Trickle irrigation
施各庄5区Shigezhuang Experimental field 5	2 300	6	2.0 × 4.5	滴灌Trickle irrigation
总计Total		164

树体位置 The position of tree		平均受冻率/% Average of flower bud freezing injury rate	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
树体位置 The position of tree	上部 Upper	平均受冻率/% Average of flower bud freezing injury rate	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis	相关系数 Correlation coefficient		50	0.01	-1.10	0.60
下部 Lower		57^***	-0.29	-0.95						0.60

树体位置 The position of tree		平均受冻率/% Average of flower bud freezing injury rate	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
树体位置 The position of tree	上部 Upper	平均受冻率/% Average of flower bud freezing injury rate	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis	相关系数 Correlation coefficient		50	0.01	-1.10	0.60
下部 Lower		57^***	-0.29	-0.95						0.60

试验点 Experimental field	夜间平均气温/℃ The average nighttime temperature		夜间最低温度/℃ The nocturnal minimum temperature		夜间气温<-5 ℃持续时长/h The hours of temperature remained below-5 ℃		花芽受冻率/% The flower bud freezing injury rate
试验点 Experimental field	03-29	03-30	03-29	03-30	03-29	03-30	树体上部Upper	树体下部Lower
孔庄Kongzhuang	-4.9	-6.2	-7.9	-7.9	4.50	5.00	51	58
施各庄Shigezhuang	-5.2	-0.3	-7.2	-4.7	3.75	0	40	56

Investigation and Analysis of the Flower Bud Freezing Injury in 164 Peach Cultivars After Late Spring Coldness

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Figures/Tables 13

References 24

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品种名 Cultivar name	树体下部花芽受冻率/% The flower bud freezing injury rates in upper trees		树体上部花芽受冻率/% The flower bud freezing injury rates in lower trees
品种名 Cultivar name	3年 3 years	8年 8 years	3年 3 years	8年 8 years
寒公主 Hangongzhu	60	80	65	40
金霞早油蟠 Jinxiazao Youpan	100	10	15	20
中桃金阳 Zhongtao Jinyang	85	35	80	50
瑞蟠25 Ruipan 25	70	40	85	30
中桃绯玉 Zhongtao Feiyu	80	55	80	45
中油15 Zhongyoutao 15	30	10	40	40
中油20 Zhongyoutao 20	25	23	35	5
紫金红3 Zijinhong 3	65	40	70	50
中油蟠7 Zhongyoupan 7	70	40	70	45

坐果等级 Fruit setting grade	品种数 Cultivar number	平均花芽受冻率/% The average flower bud freezing injury rates
0	10	21.4 ± 12.4 c
1	35	48.9 ± 16.6 b
2	77	49.9 ± 18.1 b
3	38	71.0 ± 19.9 a
4	4	81.2 ± 22.8 a
总计Total	164

库圃编号 The cultivar number	抗倒春寒品种 The cultivars resistant to late spring coldness	花芽受冻率/% Flower bud freezing injury rates	库圃编号 The cultivar number	不抗倒春寒品种 The cultivars not resistant to late spring coldness	花芽受冻率/% Flower bud freezing injury rates
T0111	沪油018 Huyou 018	0	T0246	中油金桂 Zhongyou Jingui	100
无None	秋悦 Qiuyue	0	T0255	中蟠102 Zhongpan 102	100
T0135	瑞光美玉 Ruiguang Meiyu	0	T0268	锦冠 Jinguan	100
T0109	中农金辉 Zhongnong Jinhui	0	T0242	瑞蟠32 Ruipan 32	100
T0160	秋燕 Qiuyan	5	T0253	中蟠21 Zhongpan 21	100
T0115	霞晖6号 Xiahui 6	5	T0254	中蟠101 Zhongpan 101	100
无None	03-16-006	5	T0224	瑞蟠20 Ruipan 20	95
无None	秋诺 Qiunuo	10	T0260	郑11-36 Zheng 11-36	95
T0116	霞晖8号 Xiahui 8	10	无None	奶油蟠桃 Naiyou Pantao	95
无None	京清17号 Jingqing 17	10	无None	040206	95
无None	03-32-067	10	T0240	瑞蟠101 Ruipan 101	95

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