PpC3H37 Involvement in ALA-Enhanced Cold Tolerance of Peach Ovary During Bloom Stage

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0703

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (1): 41-55.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2025-0703

• Genetic & Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Biology • Previous Articles Next Articles

PpC3H37 Involvement in ALA-Enhanced Cold Tolerance of Peach Ovary During Bloom Stage

CHEN Zheng, WANG Xiaojun, YAN Juan, CAI Zhixiang, ZHANG Binbin, XU Jianlan, MA Ruijuan, YU Mingliang, SHEN Zhijun^*()

Institute of Pomology， Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement， Nanjing 210014， China

Received:2025-10-14 Revised:2025-11-27 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-01-26
Contact: SHEN Zhijun

Abstract

Abstract:

Previous studies have found that ALA（5-aminolevulinic acid）can up-regulate PpC3H37 to promote the expression of PpWRKY and enhance the cold resistance of peach blossoms. Building on previous research，the result demonstrated that 50 mg · L^-1 ALA pretreatment enhanced cold tolerance by increasing antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase catalase（POD），catalase（CAT）activities，proline content，and soluble sugar/protein levels while reducing malondialdehyde（MDA）and reactive oxygen species（ROS）accumulation in peach flowers. Yeast one-hybrid screening using the PpC3H37 promoter as bait identified the ALA-responsive transcription factor PpC2H2. GUS staining and dual-luciferase assays revealed that ALA upregulates PpC2H2 expression and activates the PpC3H37 promoter. Transient overexpression of PpC2H2 significantly improved cold tolerance in floral organs.

Key words: peach, floral organ, ALA, low-temperature stress, cold resistance, PpC3H37, PpC2H2

CHEN Zheng, WANG Xiaojun, YAN Juan, CAI Zhixiang, ZHANG Binbin, XU Jianlan, MA Ruijuan, YU Mingliang, SHEN Zhijun. PpC3H37 Involvement in ALA-Enhanced Cold Tolerance of Peach Ovary During Bloom Stage[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2026, 53(1): 41-55.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1 The primer used in this study

用途 Usage	引物名称 Primer name	正向引物（5′-3′） Forward primer	反向引物（5′-3′） Reverse primer
实时荧光定量 qRT-PCR	PpTEF	ggtgtgacgatgaagagtgatg	tgaaggagagggaaggtgaaag
	Prupe.6G278600	atggagggacatcatcgtcatcatc	tcaccgtgcttgccttatt
	Prupe.1G313300	atggctgctgtcacaaagagtgcat	tgttcttcctggcaaatgctgtg
	Prupe.2G205700	atggggtgcaaggaacaacaccaca	tcgttctcgccgcctccatcac
	Prupe.2G135000	atggaaataggtgggaacatgaaca	gctctttcgtcttcgctca
	Prupe.1G508100	atgttacaagagagaatgagctatc	ctccagttgtgccagtttt
	Prupe.2G058400	atggggatctttgaagaaatgggtt	gctgttgcctctgggtcat
	PpC3H37	ggggaatgtaggtttggcga	cgtttgcttcccctccagat
转录活性验证 Transcriptional activity verification	pGBKT7-PpC2H2	catatggccatggaggccgaattcatggggtgcaaggaacaaca	cgctgcaggtcgacggatccttagtaatgacaatccaccagaatttgt
亚细胞定位 Subcellular localization	1302-PpC2H2	actcttgaccatggtagatctatggggtgcaaggaacaaca	aaagttcttctcctttactagtgtaatgacaatccaccagaatttgtgtt
Y1H验证 Y1H verification	pHIS2-proPpC3H37	gactcactatagggcgaattcccccccccccccccacaaacttt	ttcgcgaacgcgtgagctctgattgttatgagatgtaaatcccaaatt
Y1H验证 Y1H verification	pGADT7-PpC2H2	gaattcactggcctccatggcatggggtgcaaggaacaacac	gctcgagctcgatggatccttagtaatgacaatccaccagaatttgt
GUS活性验证 GUS activity verification	PBI121-proPpC3H37	gagaacacgggggactctagaccccccccccccccacaaact	ctgaccacccggggatcctgattgttatgagatgtaaatcccaaat
双荧光素酶报告实验 Luciferase complementation assay	proC3H37-LUC	tatcgaattcctgcagcccgggccccccccccccccacaaactt	cgctctagaactagtggatcctgattgttatgagatgtaaatccc

Fig. 1 Effects of ALA pretreatment on phenotype（A）and physiological-biochemical indices（B） of peach floral organs under low-temperature stress Control：Cultured in distilled water at normal temperature；LT：Low-temperature treatment，cultured in distilled water and subjected to-3 ℃ for 6 h；ALA + LT：Pretreatment with 50 mg · L-1 ALA followed by the-3 ℃ low-temperature treatment for 6 h. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level. The same below

Table 2 Screened proteins that may interact with the PpC3H37 promoter

编号 Number	序列号 Accession No.	注释 Description	相似度/% Similarity
1	Prupe.6G278600	Trihelix transcription factor GT-3b-like	90.94
2	Prupe.1G313300	Transcription factor MYB62	96.96
3	Prupe.2G205700	PpC2H2_zinc finger protein ZAT5	99.69
4	Prupe.2G135000	Squamosa promoter-binding-like protein 7	90.89
5	Prupe.1G508100	Transcription factor TGA7	99.46
6	Prupe.2G058400	ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3-like 1	99.77

Fig. 2 The influence of ALA treatment on the relative expression of candidate genes in peach gynoecium under low-temperature treatment

Fig. 3 PpC2H2 transcriptional activity assay and subcellular localization A：The functional domain predication of PpC2H2；B：the PpC2H2 transcriptional activity assay. The combination of BD-53 plus AD-T was used as a positive control，and BD-empty was used as a negative control，where BD was pGBKT7 vector；C：The subcellular localization of PpC2H2 in tobacco leaves

Fig. 4 Yeast One-Hybrid Assay show that PpC2H2 interacted with the promoter of the PpC3H37 in yeast A：PpC3H37 promoter auto-activation assay；B：Yeast one-hybrid pairwise validation. SD-TL：-trp，-leu；SD-TLH：-trp，-leu，-his；3-AT：3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole

Fig. 5 ALA promotes PpC2H2-mediated activation of the PpC3H37 promoter activity A：GUS staining；B：GUS activity；C：Dual-luciferase reporter assay；D：Ratio of LUC to REN in tobacco leaves after co-transfection with“effector”and“reporter”constructs（for standardizing the activation level of the promoter）

Fig. 6 Transient expression of PpC2H2 enhances cold resistance in peach flowers A：Phenotype of peach flowers under low-temperature treatment；B：Quantitative real-time PCR（qRT-PCR）of PpC2H2； C：Quantitative real-time PCR of PpC3H37；D：Determination of physicochemical parameters in peach flowers under low-temperature treatment

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PpC3H37 Involvement in ALA-Enhanced Cold Tolerance of Peach Ovary During Bloom Stage

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