Research Advances on Fresh-keeping Technologies of Orchid Cut Flowers and Potted Plants

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0488

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (12): 2743-2760.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2022-0488

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Research Advances on Fresh-keeping Technologies of Orchid Cut Flowers and Potted Plants

CHEN Hemin¹^,², LI Zuo¹^,^*(), MA Nan³, XIAO Wenfang¹, CHEN Heming¹, LÜ Fubing¹, Li Zongyan², ZHU Genfa¹^,^*()

¹Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization，Environmental Horticulture Research Institute，Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Guangzhou 510640，China
²College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences，Southwest Forestry University，Kunming 650224，China
³College of Horticulture，China Agricultural University，Beijing 100193，China

Received:2022-06-18 Revised:2022-10-07 Online:2022-12-25 Published:2023-01-02
Contact: LI Zuo,ZHU Genfa E-mail:lizuo8375@126.com;zhugenfa@gdaas.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

Orchid senescence caused by the external factors，the metabolic changes of internal organization during the senescence process，and the molecular mechanism of ethylene synthesis and signal transduction pathway regulating orchid senescence were reviewed. The common commercially popular fresh-keeping treatment technologies for cut and potted orchids and their application effects after treatment，and the improvement of orchid senescence-related genes were summarized. Additionally，modern genetic engineering technologies to delay the orchids senescence process and prolong the ornamental time by regulating functional genes were prospected.

Key words: orchid, senescence, ethylene-sensitive, preservation technology, genetic engineering

CLC Number:

S682.31

CHEN Hemin, LI Zuo, MA Nan, XIAO Wenfang, CHEN Heming, LÜ Fubing, Li Zongyan, ZHU Genfa. Research Advances on Fresh-keeping Technologies of Orchid Cut Flowers and Potted Plants[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(12): 2743-2760.

Figures/Tables 6

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[85]	Zhang Qi-xun, Li Nian, Zhang Tian-hong. 2003. Ethylene and darkness cause wilting of potted flowers and buds of butterflies. Chinese Society for Horticultural Science, 49 (2):173-182. (in Chinese)
	张绮恂, 李哖, 张天鸿. 2003. 乙烯与黑暗引起蝴蝶兰盆花花朵及花苞萎蔫. 中国园艺, 49 (2):173-182.
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	周彩莲. 2007. 1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)等处理对切花与盆花产后品质及有关机理的影响[硕士论文]. 南京: 南京农业大学.
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种属 Genus	衰老因素 Senescence factor	衰老主要表现 Senescence performance	参考文献 Reference
文心兰属 Oncidium	温度偏高或偏低 The storage temperature is higher or lower	高于15 ℃，衰老加快，褪色;低于9 ℃，造成寒害，花苞不开放 Flowers senescence accelerates and the color fade when the temperature is higher than 15 ℃，cold damage occurs and flower buds not blooming when the temperature is lower than 9 ℃	潘英文等，2011
	花药帽脱落 Anther cap shedding	花瓣提前1 ~ 3 d失水皱缩衰老 Petals dehydration and shrinkage earlier than the control for 1 to 3 days	李欣等，2021
	外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene	花梗发黄，叶片黄化，花蕾脱落 Yellowing of the pedicels and the leaves，bud dropping on cut inflorescences	Raffeiner et al.，2009a
		花期缩短 Florescence shortening	程裕轩等，2017
		花瓣提前2 ~ 3 d失水皱缩衰老 Petal dehydration and shrinkage earlier than the control for 2 to 3 days	李欣等，2021
石斛属 Dendrobium	正常大气压贮藏 Normal atmosphere storage	生理活性增大，贮藏寿命缩短6 ~ 17 d Physiological activity increased，storage life shortened by 6 to 17 days	Poonsri，2020
	授粉 Pollination	衰老进程加速，寿命缩短13.1 d Induced earlier senescence，vase life shortened by 13.1 days	Ketsa & Luangsuwalai，1996
	授粉 Pollination	授粉13 h后花瓣、萼片萎蔫 Visible wilting of petals and sepals after 13 h of pollination	Ketsa & Rugkong，1999
	外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene	花苞在3 ~ 4 d内褪色和枯萎 Flower buds faded and wilted in 3 to 4 days	王郁芬等，2009
		花朵萎蔫率增加23.83%，叶片黄化率增加24% Flower wilting rate increased by 23.83%，leaf yellowing rate increased by 24%	周彩莲，2007
		花蕾、花朵3 d内完全脱落 All floral buds and all open flowers abscised within 3 days	Uthaichay et al.，2007
蝴蝶兰属 Phalaenopsis	低温摆放 Storage under low temperature	低于10 ℃，易受寒害，花朵花苞凋谢 Cold damage occurs and flowers and floral buds wilting when the temperature is lower than 10 ℃	田丹青等，2008
	季节差异 Seasonal differences	春、夏两季瓶插寿命短于秋季1.6 ~ 2.7 d Longer vase life of 1.6 to 2.7 days in autumn than in spring or summer	Kim & Lee，2021
	黑暗储运 Storage and shipping under dark conditions	储运4 d，小花苞黄化、萎蔫 Flower buds yellowing and wilting after 4 days of storage and shipping	张绮恂等，2003
	黑暗储运 Storage and shipping under dark conditions	储运21 d，叶片黄化 Leaf yellowing after 21 days of storage and shipping	Hou et al.，2010
	干旱、干旱和黑暗储运 Storage and shipping under drought or drought and dark conditions	干旱：开花提前，开花数少，品质下降;干旱和黑暗：开花延迟，开花数少，叶片黄化 Drought induced early flowering with less flower number and lower quality;drought and darkness induced delayed flowering with fewer flower number and yellowing leaves	Jeong & Oh，2021
种属 Genus	衰老因素 Senescence factor	衰老主要表现 Senescence performance	参考文献 Reference
	授粉 Pollination	2 ~ 4 h后乙烯敏感性增加，12 h后乙烯产量增加，花朵在2 d内萎蔫 Ethylene sensitivity increased after 2 to 4 hours，ethylene production increased after 12 hours, and flowers wilted within 2 days	Porat et al.，1995
	外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene	处理7 d，萎蔫率达35.5% ~ 88.9% The wilting rate up to 35.5% to 88.9% after 7 days of treatment	张绮恂等，2003
		花蕾花朵在3 d内衰败 Floral buds and flowers senescence within 3 days	Sun et al.，2009
		花朵和花蕾萎蔫率达90%以上，花色变淡Floral buds and flowers senescence percentage up to more than 90%，and flower color fades	Favero et al.，2016
兰属 Cymbidium	外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene	瓶插寿命缩短1.8 d，唇瓣变色萎蔫 Flower vase life shortening 1.8 days，labellum discoloration and wilting	Heyes & Johnston，1998
兰属 Cymbidium	授粉 Pollination	缩短瓶插寿命5.8 d Flower vase life shortening 5.8 days	Heyes & Johnston，1998
卡特兰属 Cattleya	外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene	衰老加速，缩短瓶插寿命3.5 d Increasing senescence，shortening flower vase life of 3.5 days	Yamane et al.，2004
指甲兰属 Aerides	授粉 Pollination	授粉后2 ~ 3 d内萎蔫，提前12 d衰败 Flower senescence in 2 to 3 days after pollination，earlier wilting of 12 days	Attri et al.，2008
钻喙兰属 Rhynchostylis	授粉 Pollination	授粉后3 ~ 4 d内萎蔫，提前17 d衰败 Flower senescence in 3 to 4 days after pollination，earlier wilting of 17 days	Attri et al.，2008
虾脊兰属 Calanthe	采收阶段 Harvest stage	开放20朵时采收较未开放采收缩短瓶插16 d Shorter vase life of 16 days during inflorescences harvested in the blooming period（20 opened florets）compare with in the budding period（0 opened florets）	Tsai et al.，2021
齿舌兰属 Odontoglossum	外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene	7 d后花梗发黄，花蕾萎蔫 Yellowing of the pedicels and bud dropping on cut inflorescences after 7 days	Raffeiner et al.，2009a

种属 Genus	衰老因素 Senescence factor	衰老主要表现 Senescence performance	参考文献 Reference
文心兰属 Oncidium	温度偏高或偏低 The storage temperature is higher or lower	高于15 ℃，衰老加快，褪色;低于9 ℃，造成寒害，花苞不开放 Flowers senescence accelerates and the color fade when the temperature is higher than 15 ℃，cold damage occurs and flower buds not blooming when the temperature is lower than 9 ℃	潘英文等，2011
	花药帽脱落 Anther cap shedding	花瓣提前1 ~ 3 d失水皱缩衰老 Petals dehydration and shrinkage earlier than the control for 1 to 3 days	李欣等，2021
	外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene	花梗发黄，叶片黄化，花蕾脱落 Yellowing of the pedicels and the leaves，bud dropping on cut inflorescences	Raffeiner et al.，2009a
		花期缩短 Florescence shortening	程裕轩等，2017
		花瓣提前2 ~ 3 d失水皱缩衰老 Petal dehydration and shrinkage earlier than the control for 2 to 3 days	李欣等，2021
石斛属 Dendrobium	正常大气压贮藏 Normal atmosphere storage	生理活性增大，贮藏寿命缩短6 ~ 17 d Physiological activity increased，storage life shortened by 6 to 17 days	Poonsri，2020
	授粉 Pollination	衰老进程加速，寿命缩短13.1 d Induced earlier senescence，vase life shortened by 13.1 days	Ketsa & Luangsuwalai，1996
	授粉 Pollination	授粉13 h后花瓣、萼片萎蔫 Visible wilting of petals and sepals after 13 h of pollination	Ketsa & Rugkong，1999
	外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene	花苞在3 ~ 4 d内褪色和枯萎 Flower buds faded and wilted in 3 to 4 days	王郁芬等，2009
		花朵萎蔫率增加23.83%，叶片黄化率增加24% Flower wilting rate increased by 23.83%，leaf yellowing rate increased by 24%	周彩莲，2007
		花蕾、花朵3 d内完全脱落 All floral buds and all open flowers abscised within 3 days	Uthaichay et al.，2007
蝴蝶兰属 Phalaenopsis	低温摆放 Storage under low temperature	低于10 ℃，易受寒害，花朵花苞凋谢 Cold damage occurs and flowers and floral buds wilting when the temperature is lower than 10 ℃	田丹青等，2008
	季节差异 Seasonal differences	春、夏两季瓶插寿命短于秋季1.6 ~ 2.7 d Longer vase life of 1.6 to 2.7 days in autumn than in spring or summer	Kim & Lee，2021
	黑暗储运 Storage and shipping under dark conditions	储运4 d，小花苞黄化、萎蔫 Flower buds yellowing and wilting after 4 days of storage and shipping	张绮恂等，2003
	黑暗储运 Storage and shipping under dark conditions	储运21 d，叶片黄化 Leaf yellowing after 21 days of storage and shipping	Hou et al.，2010
	干旱、干旱和黑暗储运 Storage and shipping under drought or drought and dark conditions	干旱：开花提前，开花数少，品质下降;干旱和黑暗：开花延迟，开花数少，叶片黄化 Drought induced early flowering with less flower number and lower quality;drought and darkness induced delayed flowering with fewer flower number and yellowing leaves	Jeong & Oh，2021
种属 Genus	衰老因素 Senescence factor	衰老主要表现 Senescence performance	参考文献 Reference
	授粉 Pollination	2 ~ 4 h后乙烯敏感性增加，12 h后乙烯产量增加，花朵在2 d内萎蔫 Ethylene sensitivity increased after 2 to 4 hours，ethylene production increased after 12 hours, and flowers wilted within 2 days	Porat et al.，1995
	外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene	处理7 d，萎蔫率达35.5% ~ 88.9% The wilting rate up to 35.5% to 88.9% after 7 days of treatment	张绮恂等，2003
		花蕾花朵在3 d内衰败 Floral buds and flowers senescence within 3 days	Sun et al.，2009
		花朵和花蕾萎蔫率达90%以上，花色变淡Floral buds and flowers senescence percentage up to more than 90%，and flower color fades	Favero et al.，2016
兰属 Cymbidium	外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene	瓶插寿命缩短1.8 d，唇瓣变色萎蔫 Flower vase life shortening 1.8 days，labellum discoloration and wilting	Heyes & Johnston，1998
兰属 Cymbidium	授粉 Pollination	缩短瓶插寿命5.8 d Flower vase life shortening 5.8 days	Heyes & Johnston，1998
卡特兰属 Cattleya	外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene	衰老加速，缩短瓶插寿命3.5 d Increasing senescence，shortening flower vase life of 3.5 days	Yamane et al.，2004
指甲兰属 Aerides	授粉 Pollination	授粉后2 ~ 3 d内萎蔫，提前12 d衰败 Flower senescence in 2 to 3 days after pollination，earlier wilting of 12 days	Attri et al.，2008
钻喙兰属 Rhynchostylis	授粉 Pollination	授粉后3 ~ 4 d内萎蔫，提前17 d衰败 Flower senescence in 3 to 4 days after pollination，earlier wilting of 17 days	Attri et al.，2008
虾脊兰属 Calanthe	采收阶段 Harvest stage	开放20朵时采收较未开放采收缩短瓶插16 d Shorter vase life of 16 days during inflorescences harvested in the blooming period（20 opened florets）compare with in the budding period（0 opened florets）	Tsai et al.，2021
齿舌兰属 Odontoglossum	外源乙烯 Exogenous ethylene	7 d后花梗发黄，花蕾萎蔫 Yellowing of the pedicels and bud dropping on cut inflorescences after 7 days	Raffeiner et al.，2009a

种属 Genus	处理方法 Treatment	瓶插（储藏）寿命延长/d Extension of vase life or storage time	其他效果 Other effect			参考文献 Reference
文心兰属 Oncidium	11 ℃，7 d	6.00	无冻害，老化率降低 No cold damage，decrease the rate of senescence			潘英文等， 2011
石斛属 Dendrobium	气调聚丙烯薄膜包装 + 13 ℃ Modified atmosphere （5% CO₂+ 2% O₂）with polypropylene（PP）film packaging + 13 ℃	7.99	降低呼吸速率、乙烯产生、花青素降解、蛋白质降解和电解质泄漏Efficiently reduced the respiration rate，ethylene production，anthocyanin degradation，protein degradation， and electrolyte leakage			Poonsri，2021
	CO₂+ O₂+ 13 ℃	16.60	ACC合成酶、ACC氧化酶活性下降 Lower ACC synthase and ACC oxidase activity			Poonsri，2020
	聚丙烯薄膜包装 + 13 ℃ Polypropylene（PP）film packaging + 13 ℃	9.00	降低呼吸速率、乙烯产生、花青素降解 Reduced the respiration rate，ethylene production and anthocyanin degradation			Yimyong & Soni，2014
石斛属 Dendrobium	SUC + AOA	6.90		促进开放，抑制花和蕾脱落、萎蔫 Promoted blooming， delayed floral bud or flowers abscission and petal wilting	Rattanawisal- anon et al.，2003
	SUC + 柠檬酸 + AgNO₃ SUC + citric acid + AgNO₃	8.00		保持花瓣形态及色泽 Maintained the shape and color of petals	马红芸等，2018
	SUC + Al₂(SO₄)₃	17.00		花蕾100%开放，花朵零脱落 Bud open rate reached to100%，no flower shedding	Muraleedharan et al.，2021
	咪鲜胺 + 温吐80（5 min） Prochloraz + Tween 80 （5 min）	/		抑制花药黑腐病，延迟花朵脱落，增强吸水 Protected against black anther disease，delayed floret dropping，enhance water uptake	Komol et al.，2017
	1-MCP + 臭氧水溶液 1-MCP + aquеous ozone	6.60		提高开花率，抑制微生物生长 Increased blooming rate，inhibited microbial growth	Almasi et al.，2015
	SUC + AOA	7.00		保持花的最高吸水性 Maintained the highest water uptake by the flowers	Chandran et al.，2006
蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis	STS，1.5 h + SUC + 8-HQS + STS	26.75		延缓鲜质量与超氧化物歧化酶活性降低的速度，减缓脯氨酸含量的升高 Decreased the fresh weight of cut flower and SOD content，slowed down the increase of amino acids contents	孔芳等，2013
卡特兰 Cattleya	（5 ℃ + CO₂），24 h	5.00		降低呼吸速率Reduced the respiration rate	Burana & Yamane，2017
	BA，24 h	3.40 or 9.40		抑制乙烯产生 Inhibited ethylene production	Yamane et al.，1997
	SUC + 1-MCP + BA	7.20		/	Yamane et al.，2004
万代兰 Vanda	1-MCP，6 h	/		抑制外源乙烯引起的衰老 Inhibited senescence induced by exogenous ethylene	Khunmuang et al.，2016
	STS，24 h + 活性氯 STS，24 h + chlorine	8.00		降低呼吸速率，提高花朵吸水和鲜质量 Reduced respiration rate，improved flower solution uptake and fresh weight	Khunmuang et al.，2018
	DICA	6.00		抑制微生物大量繁殖 Inhibited the proliferation of microorganisms	Sattayawong et al.，2010
莫氏兰 Mokara	DICA + CPB（pH 5.4）	9.20		抑制细菌繁殖 Inhibited bacterial growth	Buanong，2018
莫氏兰 Mokara	1-MCP，4 h	7.80		降低乙烯生成速率 Reduced ethylene production rate	Almasi et al.，2015
兰属 Cymbidium	1-MCP，12 h	6.90		/	Heyes & Johnston，1998

种属 Genus	处理方法 Treatment	瓶插（储藏）寿命延长/d Extension of vase life or storage time	其他效果 Other effect			参考文献 Reference
文心兰属 Oncidium	11 ℃，7 d	6.00	无冻害，老化率降低 No cold damage，decrease the rate of senescence			潘英文等， 2011
石斛属 Dendrobium	气调聚丙烯薄膜包装 + 13 ℃ Modified atmosphere （5% CO₂+ 2% O₂）with polypropylene（PP）film packaging + 13 ℃	7.99	降低呼吸速率、乙烯产生、花青素降解、蛋白质降解和电解质泄漏Efficiently reduced the respiration rate，ethylene production，anthocyanin degradation，protein degradation， and electrolyte leakage			Poonsri，2021
	CO₂+ O₂+ 13 ℃	16.60	ACC合成酶、ACC氧化酶活性下降 Lower ACC synthase and ACC oxidase activity			Poonsri，2020
	聚丙烯薄膜包装 + 13 ℃ Polypropylene（PP）film packaging + 13 ℃	9.00	降低呼吸速率、乙烯产生、花青素降解 Reduced the respiration rate，ethylene production and anthocyanin degradation			Yimyong & Soni，2014
石斛属 Dendrobium	SUC + AOA	6.90		促进开放，抑制花和蕾脱落、萎蔫 Promoted blooming， delayed floral bud or flowers abscission and petal wilting	Rattanawisal- anon et al.，2003
	SUC + 柠檬酸 + AgNO₃ SUC + citric acid + AgNO₃	8.00		保持花瓣形态及色泽 Maintained the shape and color of petals	马红芸等，2018
	SUC + Al₂(SO₄)₃	17.00		花蕾100%开放，花朵零脱落 Bud open rate reached to100%，no flower shedding	Muraleedharan et al.，2021
	咪鲜胺 + 温吐80（5 min） Prochloraz + Tween 80 （5 min）	/		抑制花药黑腐病，延迟花朵脱落，增强吸水 Protected against black anther disease，delayed floret dropping，enhance water uptake	Komol et al.，2017
	1-MCP + 臭氧水溶液 1-MCP + aquеous ozone	6.60		提高开花率，抑制微生物生长 Increased blooming rate，inhibited microbial growth	Almasi et al.，2015
	SUC + AOA	7.00		保持花的最高吸水性 Maintained the highest water uptake by the flowers	Chandran et al.，2006
蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis	STS，1.5 h + SUC + 8-HQS + STS	26.75		延缓鲜质量与超氧化物歧化酶活性降低的速度，减缓脯氨酸含量的升高 Decreased the fresh weight of cut flower and SOD content，slowed down the increase of amino acids contents	孔芳等，2013
卡特兰 Cattleya	（5 ℃ + CO₂），24 h	5.00		降低呼吸速率Reduced the respiration rate	Burana & Yamane，2017
	BA，24 h	3.40 or 9.40		抑制乙烯产生 Inhibited ethylene production	Yamane et al.，1997
	SUC + 1-MCP + BA	7.20		/	Yamane et al.，2004
万代兰 Vanda	1-MCP，6 h	/		抑制外源乙烯引起的衰老 Inhibited senescence induced by exogenous ethylene	Khunmuang et al.，2016
	STS，24 h + 活性氯 STS，24 h + chlorine	8.00		降低呼吸速率，提高花朵吸水和鲜质量 Reduced respiration rate，improved flower solution uptake and fresh weight	Khunmuang et al.，2018
	DICA	6.00		抑制微生物大量繁殖 Inhibited the proliferation of microorganisms	Sattayawong et al.，2010
莫氏兰 Mokara	DICA + CPB（pH 5.4）	9.20		抑制细菌繁殖 Inhibited bacterial growth	Buanong，2018
莫氏兰 Mokara	1-MCP，4 h	7.80		降低乙烯生成速率 Reduced ethylene production rate	Almasi et al.，2015
兰属 Cymbidium	1-MCP，12 h	6.90		/	Heyes & Johnston，1998

品质保持技术 Preservation technology	种属 Genus	处理方法 Treatment	效果 Preservation effect	参考文献 Reference
物理处理 Physical treatment	墨兰 Cymbidium	昼：20 ℃（12 h），夜：10 ℃（12 h） Daytime：20 ℃（12 h），nightime：10 ℃ （12 h）	延长单花寿命3 d，延长花期 20 d Prolong the blooming time of single flower by 3 days and whole inflorescence by 20 days	李淑娴，2016
化学处理 Chemical treatment	蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis	1-MCP + 15 ℃贮藏4 d后，分别摆放在25、20、15、10和5 ℃的环境中 Plants storage with 1-MCP under 15 ℃ condition for 4 days, then placed at 25，20，15，10 and 5 ℃，respectively	摆放在25、20和10 ℃的环境下分别延长第1朵花寿命17、13和16.25 d Prolonged the first flower’s life by 17 days at 25 ℃，13 days at 20 ℃ and 16.25 days at 10 ℃，respectively	田丹青等，2008
		1-MCP或STS处理 Treatment by 1-MCP or STS	1-MCP 和STS分别延长第1朵花寿命16、18 d Prolonged the first flower’s life of 16 days by 1-MCP and 18 days by STS， respectively	田丹青等，2010
		0.1 μL · L^-1 1-MCP，12 h	萎蔫率降为0 Wilting rate reduced to 0	Chang et al.，2013
		200 nL · L^-11-MCP，24 h	抑制乙烯引起花朵、花苞的凋落 Inhibition flowers and floral buds from wilting and dropping caused by ethylene	Favero et al.，2016
		6% 1-MCP喷施花序 Spraying the inflorescence with 6% 1-MCP	延长花期最长14 d Prolonged flowering period up to 14 days	Gehl et al.，2019
		800 μL · L^-1 1-MCP	将乙烯和黑暗引起的花朵和花苞萎蔫率分别降低到：0、7.5%、2.9%、7.5% Reduced the wilting rates of flowers and floral buds caused by ethylene and darkness up to 0，7.5%，2.9% and 7.5 %，respectively	张绮恂等，2003
	石斛兰 Dendrobium	800 nL · L^-1 1-MCP	叶片黄化率降低2%，花朵脱落率降低 3.78% Reduced the yellowing rate of leaves by 2%, and the dropping rate of flowers by 3.78%	周彩莲，2007
	石斛兰 Dendrobium	800 nL · L^-11-MCP	花朵和花苞萎蔫率降低为3%、0 Reduced the wilting rates of flowers and floral buds up to 3% and 0，respectively	王郁芬等，2009
	兰属 Cymbidium	50 mg · L^-1SA喷施抽梗致大排铃期 Spraying the flowers from pedicel period to big bell stage with 50 mg · L^-1 SA	延长花期6.67 d Prolonged the flowering period of 6.67 days	李淑娴，2016
	兰属 Cymbidium	50 mg · L^-1 CCC处理花蕾 Treating the floral buds with 50 mg · L^-1 CCC	延长花期7 d Prolonged the flowering period of 7 days	颜凤霞等，2017

Research Advances on Fresh-keeping Technologies of Orchid Cut Flowers and Potted Plants

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改良兰花种属 Orchid genus	功能基因 Functional gene	基因来源 Origin	改良效果 Improvement	参考文献 Reference
文心兰 Oncidium/ Oncidesa	mutant ethylene receptor ETHYLENE RESPONSE 1（etr1-1）	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	成功获得转基因植株，后续功能基因表达以及保鲜相关生理指标测定和分析有待开展 Oncidium‘Sweet Sugar’has been successfully transformed. In future gene expression of etr1-1 in different plant organs will be analysed and the postharvest physiology of etr1-1 transgenic plants tested	Raffeiner et al.，2009b
文心兰 Oncidium/ Oncidesa	Ethylene-insensitive 2，OnEIN2	文心兰 Oncidesa Gower Ramsey	转基因植株的EIN2表达量有所下降，低于对照野生型 The expression level of OnEIN2 of transgenic materials was decreased and lowers than in controls	时欢，2018
杂交文心兰 Burrageara	mutant ethylene receptor ETHYLENE RESPONSE 1（etr1-1）	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	可延长花朵寿命7 d，能显著延缓花芽凋落至少19 d Flower longevity was improved by 7 days，bud drop was efficiently prevented for at least 19 days in the transgenic plants	Winkelmann et al.，2016
石斛兰 Dendrobium	inverted repeat (IR) of ACC gene（IRACC）	苹果 Apple	与未转化对照相比，转基因株系在幼苗期抑制乙烯的能力显著高于非转基因株系 The ability for ethylene suppression by small potted transgenic plants was significantly higher in transgenic lines than in untransformed control	Zheng et al.，2012
	ACC oxidase（ACO）gene（CP-ACO1）	番木瓜 Carica papaya	转基因植株的ACO酶活性和乙烯含量均低于非转基因植株 Lower ACO enzyme activity and lower ethylene production in transgenic orchid than that of the non-transgenic orchid plants	Sornchai & Chanprame，2015
	ACC oxidase（ACO）gene（CP-ACO1）	番木瓜 Carica papaya	转基因植株的花苞显著延迟败育和脱落，开放花朵寿命延长，衰老和脱落推迟 Delayed the abortion and abscission in floral buds，the life span of open flowers were increased and delayed the senescence and abscission of open flowers in transgenic orchid	Sornchai et al.，2020
蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis	PaFYF1/2	蝴蝶兰 Phalaenopsis	作为抑制因子共同作用，通过抑制乙烯信号下游基因来抑制花器官的衰老和脱落 PaFYF1/2 work together to perform their functions as transcriptional repressors，to prohibit in regulating downstream of the ethylene signaling pathway genes，to prohibit flower senescence and abscission	Chen et al.，2021
齿舌兰属Odontoglossum	mutant ethylene receptor ETHYLENE RESPONSE 1（etr1-1）	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	已成功构建再生体系，携带功能基因的载体构建成功，后续有待获得转基因植株及保鲜功能验证 Successful establishment of a regeneration and transformation protocol，and an expression vector containing functional genes. In future transformed plants migh be obtained subsequently and gene expression will be analysed and the postharvest physiology tested	Raffeiner et al.，2009b
大花蕙兰Cymbidium hybrid	mutant ethylene receptor gene，ERS（boers）	花椰菜 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.	降低转基因植株对乙烯的敏感性，外源乙烯干扰下导致非转基因植株的叶子快速褐变，而转基因植株叶子却没有变化 Reduced the ethylene sensitivity of transgenic plants，and under exogenous ethylene treatments，leaf sections from nontransformed control plants turned yellow and discolored，in contrast，all leaves of boers-transformed plants retained their green color	Chen et al.，2007

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