Studies on Flowering Characteristics and Breeding System of Hesperis oreophila

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-1133

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 607-619.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-1133

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Studies on Flowering Characteristics and Breeding System of Hesperis oreophila

DONG Mengyu¹, WU Meng¹, TONG Guanjie², WANG Jinxin¹, CHEN Xinna¹, ZHAO Xueyao¹, LI Yanhui¹^,^*()

¹College of Landscape and Tourism，Hebei Agricultural University，Baoding，Hebei 071000，China
²College of Economics and Management，Hebei Agricultural University，Baoding，Hebei 071000，China

Received:2022-03-04 Revised:2022-11-05 Online:2023-03-25 Published:2023-04-03
Contact: *（E-mail：yanhuili01@163.com）

Abstract

Abstract:

To reveal the floering characteristics and breeding types of wild flower Hesperis oreophila，the flowering dynamics and floral organ characteristics，pollen vitality and pollen tube behavior，stigma receptivity，the ratio of pollen and ovule（P/O），out crossing index（OCI）and artificial pollination test of H. oreophila which were introduced to Baoding area from Saihanba area of Hebei Province were observed and studied. The results showed that the flowering period of the introduced H. oreophila population was from early April to late May and lasted 55-60 days，with a single flowering period of 14 to 17 d. The pistils and stamens matured at the same time. Pollen and stigma had the highest vitality when the flower was fully expanded，and the pollen vitality was up to 69.81%. The fertilization process could be completed within 72 hours of self pollination. OCI，P/O and artificial pollination test results showed that it was a mixed mating system dominated by selfing and needed pollinators.

Key words: Hesperis oreophila, floral, pollen vitality, stigma receptivity, breeding system

CLC Number:

S682.19

DONG Mengyu, WU Meng, TONG Guanjie, WANG Jinxin, CHEN Xinna, ZHAO Xueyao, LI Yanhui. Studies on Flowering Characteristics and Breeding System of Hesperis oreophila[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(3): 607-619.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1 Inflorescence of Hesperis oreophila

Fig. 2 Flower morphology and detailed anatomy of Hesperis oreophila A1 and A2：Flower side view，top view；B：Anatomy of the flower；C：Longitudinal profile of flower；D：Ovary and ovule；E1 and E2：Stamens and anthers.

Table 1 Statistics of the floral organs of Hesperis oreophila

花器官 Floral organ	长度/mm Length	花器官 Floral organ	长度/mm Length
花柄长 Length of pedicel	9.78 ± 0.06	爪长 Length of claw	10.21 ± 0.05
萼片长 Length of calyx	7.87 ± 0.09	长花药长 Length of long anther	3.13 ± 0.06
萼片宽 Width of calyx	1.96 ± 0.03	长花丝长 Length of long filament length	6.81 ± 0.08
花冠直径 Corolla diameter	25.00 ± 0.75	短花药长 Length of short anther	3.39 ± 0.04
花瓣长 Length of petal	11.82 ± 0.09	短花丝长 Length of short filament length	2.64 ± 0.05
花瓣宽 Width of petal	9.15 ± 0.10	雄蕊长 Length of stamen	6.45 ± 0.08

Fig. 3 Changes of flower morphology（A）and stigma receptivity（B）in different developmental stages（P1-P9）of Hesperis oreophila

Fig. 4 Pollen morphology of Hesperis oreophila A：Group vision；B：Equatorial view；C：Polar view；D：Outer wall decoration.

Fig. 5 Changes of pollen vitality of Hesperis oreophila Different letters between different times meant significant differences at 0.05 level. The same below.

Fig. 6 Changes of pollen germination and pollen tube length of Hesperis oreophila in vitro culture

Fig. 7 Germination of pollen tube of Hesperis oreophila in vitro culture

Fig. 8 Pods（A，B）and seeds（C）of Hesperis oreophila in natural state

Fig. 9 Flower-visiting insects of Hesperis oreophila flowers A：Scaeva pyrastri；B：Helophilus virgatus；C：Syrphidae；D：Habropoda sinensis；E：Africanized honeybee；F：Vespidae；G：Pieris rapae；H：Papilio xuthus；I：Polygonia c-aureum.

Table 2 Fruiting rate and pods development of different pollination methods of Hesperis oreophila

处理方式 Processing method	坐果率/% Fruiting rate	荚果发育情况 Pods development	单果结实数 Number of single fruit
自然授粉（对照）Natural pollination（Control）	98.16 ± 1.14 a	饱满 Full	20 ~ 50
自花授粉Self-pollination	84.49 ± 2.05 b	较饱满 Relatively full	15 ~ 40
自然异花授粉Natural cross-pollination	34.38 ± 2.02 d	较饱满 Relatively full	10 ~ 30
无融合生殖Apomixis	2.25 ± 1.51 e	干瘪 Shriveled	4 ~ 8
同株异花授粉Strains cross-pollination	89.20 ± 3.50 b	饱满 Full	20 ~ 40
异株异花授粉Different strains cross-pollination	74.89 ± 3.33 c	饱满 Full	10 ~ 50

Fig. 10 Pollen germination，pollen tube growth and fertilization process of Hesperis oreophila A：Surface of stigma after pollination in 2 h；B：Middle and lower part after pollination in 24 h；C，D：Upper ovary after pollination in 48 h；E，F：Lower ovary after pollination in 72 h. PG：Pollen grain；PT：Pollen tube；OU：Ovule.

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Studies on Flowering Characteristics and Breeding System of Hesperis oreophila

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