The Impact of Tepal Structure and Pigment Composition on the Flower Colour of Lily

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0519

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 1873-1884.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2021-0519

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The Impact of Tepal Structure and Pigment Composition on the Flower Colour of Lily

WANG Qing¹, LÜ Tong², LÜ Yingmin¹^,^**()

¹College of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China
²Plant Institute,Beijing Botanical Garden,Beijing 100094,China

Received:2021-07-19 Revised:2021-08-30 Online:2021-10-25 Published:2021-11-01
Contact: LÜ Yingmin E-mail:Luyingmin@bjfu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

Twenty-seven lily cultivars of seven colour group were used to analyze the lily tepal structure,the pigments exist in upper and lower epidermis of lily tepals. The upper and lower epidermal cells are irregular rectangular in most of the lily cultivars while some epidermal cells present closely regular polygon that contain anthocyanin. At the same time,tepal spots contained anthocyanins. Sixty-one lily cultivars and two wild species of seven colour group were used to analyze the tepal pigment composition,twenty-three kinds of flavonoid compounds,one kind of anthocyanin （ cyaniding-3-O- rutinoside ） and ten carotenoids （ 9Z-violaxanthin,antheraxanthin,9Z-antheraxanthin,mutatoxanthin,capsanthin,lutein,zeaxanthin,β-cryptoxanthin,β-carotene,and 9Z-β-carotene ） were identified by HPLC-QTOF-MS from lily tepal. The lily tepal all contained flavonoids. White tepal mainly contained flavonoids and some cultivars had a tiny amount of carotenoids. Red tepal contained anthocyanins,carotenoids and flavonoids while carotenoids and anthocyanins were the main pigment,flavonoids served as co-pigment. Purple-red and pink tepal contained anthocyanins and flavonoids while yellow and orange tepal mainly contained carotenoids.

Key words: lily, tepal structure, flower color, pigment

CLC Number:

S682.2

WANG Qing, LÜ Tong, LÜ Yingmin. The Impact of Tepal Structure and Pigment Composition on the Flower Colour of Lily[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(10): 1873-1884.

Figures/Tables 8

References 33

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色系（数量） Group（number）	品种 Cultivar	野生种 Wild species
白（8）White group	Navona,Annemnrie’s Dream,Merluza,Ercolano,Selene Zanlosele,Big Tower,Siberia,White Heaven
粉（6）Pink group	Vermeer,Sugar Diamond,Merlet,Elodie,Trudy,Dolcetto
红（8）Red group	Detroit,Black Out,Prunotto,红色拉丁Hongse Lading,Red Life,Red Velvet,Red Alert,Fangio
紫红（8）Purple-red group	Rosella’s Dream,Toronto,Senna,冠军Guanjun,Esta Bonita,Pink Flavour,Miyabi,Pearl Loraine
橙（9）Orange group	Loreto,Tresor,Campeche,Lancifolium Flore Pleno,Honesty,Brunello,African Queen	卷丹Lilium lancifolium, 兰州百合L. davidii var. willmottiae
黄（13）Yellow group	Grand Cru,Aladdin,Dazzle,Scipione,Pavia,Mannisa,Freya,Ballroom,Yelloween,Saltarella,Conca D’or,Pearl Stacey,Tiger Babies
复色（11） Double colour group	Easy Waltz,Black spider,Orange Electric,Cancun,Party Diamond,Triumphator,Donato,Sannomiya,Pearl Jessica,Prince Promise,Mitsuyo

色系（数量） Group（number）	品种 Cultivar	野生种 Wild species
白（8）White group	Navona,Annemnrie’s Dream,Merluza,Ercolano,Selene Zanlosele,Big Tower,Siberia,White Heaven
粉（6）Pink group	Vermeer,Sugar Diamond,Merlet,Elodie,Trudy,Dolcetto
红（8）Red group	Detroit,Black Out,Prunotto,红色拉丁Hongse Lading,Red Life,Red Velvet,Red Alert,Fangio
紫红（8）Purple-red group	Rosella’s Dream,Toronto,Senna,冠军Guanjun,Esta Bonita,Pink Flavour,Miyabi,Pearl Loraine
橙（9）Orange group	Loreto,Tresor,Campeche,Lancifolium Flore Pleno,Honesty,Brunello,African Queen	卷丹Lilium lancifolium, 兰州百合L. davidii var. willmottiae
黄（13）Yellow group	Grand Cru,Aladdin,Dazzle,Scipione,Pavia,Mannisa,Freya,Ballroom,Yelloween,Saltarella,Conca D’or,Pearl Stacey,Tiger Babies
复色（11） Double colour group	Easy Waltz,Black spider,Orange Electric,Cancun,Party Diamond,Triumphator,Donato,Sannomiya,Pearl Jessica,Prince Promise,Mitsuyo

组分 Peak No.	保留时间/min Retention time	吸收波长/nm Absorption maxima	质谱信息（m/z） [M + H]⁺	推定结果 Tentative identification
1	21.20	327,411,433,464	601.4256	9Z-紫黄质 9Z-Violaxanthin
2	21.60	373.5,412,443,460	585.4312	花药黄质 Antheraxanthin
3	24.50	407^sh,428,450	585.4374	橘黄质 Mutatoxanthin
4	25.80	423^sh,444,473	569.4042	叶黄素 Lutein
5	27.80	290.3,472.6	585.4317	辣椒红素 Capsanthin
6	29.60	428^sh,448,476	569.4421	玉米黄质 Zeaxanthin
7	30.60	330,416^sh,440,467	585.4326	9Z-花药黄质9Z-Antheraxanthin
8	37.20	430^sh,454,476	553.4412	β-隐黄质 β-Cryptoxanthin
9	42.80	416^sh,440,481	537.4490	β-胡萝卜素 β-Carotene
10	43.00	344,422^sh 447,471	537.4542	9Z-β-胡萝卜素9Z-β-Carotene

组分 Peak No.	保留时间/min Retention time	吸收波长/nm Absorption maxima	质谱信息（m/z） [M + H]⁺	推定结果 Tentative identification
1	21.20	327,411,433,464	601.4256	9Z-紫黄质 9Z-Violaxanthin
2	21.60	373.5,412,443,460	585.4312	花药黄质 Antheraxanthin
3	24.50	407^sh,428,450	585.4374	橘黄质 Mutatoxanthin
4	25.80	423^sh,444,473	569.4042	叶黄素 Lutein
5	27.80	290.3,472.6	585.4317	辣椒红素 Capsanthin
6	29.60	428^sh,448,476	569.4421	玉米黄质 Zeaxanthin
7	30.60	330,416^sh,440,467	585.4326	9Z-花药黄质9Z-Antheraxanthin
8	37.20	430^sh,454,476	553.4412	β-隐黄质 β-Cryptoxanthin
9	42.80	416^sh,440,481	537.4490	β-胡萝卜素 β-Carotene
10	43.00	344,422^sh 447,471	537.4542	9Z-β-胡萝卜素9Z-β-Carotene

色系 Colour group	低Low （0 ~ 50 μg · g^-1）	中Medium （50 ~ 100 μg · g^-1）	高High （> 100 μg · g^-1）
白色系 White group	Big Tower（1.43 ± 0.03）,Navona（4.51 ± 0.42）,Rosella’s Dream（5.08 ± 0.59）,White Heaven（9.31 ± 1.70）
黄色系 Yellow group	Tiger Babies（1.76 ± 0.07）,Freya（1.81 ± 0.31）,Ballroom（5.59 ± 0.51）,Conca D’or（8.94 ± 0.11）,Pearl Stacey（11.16 ± 1.94）,Saltarella（16.55 ± 2.88）,Mannisa（20.71 ± 4.90）,Pavia（22.86 ± 1.10）,Yelloween （23.48 ± 0.32）,Scipione（25.32 ± 1.47）,Dazzle（37.59 ± 0.53）,Grand Cru（39.49 ± 2.19）	Aladdin（82.23 ± 1.95）
红色系 Red group	Red Alert（10.22 ± 0.42）, Fangio（1.05 ± 0.17）	Black Out（54.79 ± 6.09）, Red Velvet（64.43 ± 7.51）, Prunotto（67.73 ± 1.16）	Red Life（120.78 ± 9.56）, 红色拉丁Hongse Lading（140.93 ± 5.80）,Detroit（252.70 ± 17.81）
橙色系 Orange group	Honesty（32.46 ± 3.92）, African Queen（41.40 ± 3.67）	Lancifolium Flore Pleno（52.58 ± 2.16）,卷丹Lilium lancifolium（56.28 ± 1.77）,Campeche （90.31 ± 5.36）	兰州百合L. davidii var. willmottiae（109.21 ±1.90）,Brunello（109.92 ± 2.10）,Tresor（141.38 ± 5.32）, Loreto（238.10 ± 9.08）
紫红色系 Purple-red group	Toronto（1.02 ± 0.03）, Pearl Loraine（4.66 ± 0.16）
复色系 Double color group	Prince Promise（2.81 ± 0.29）	Orange Electric（65.87 ± 0.18）,Cancun（73.87 ± 1.64）

The Impact of Tepal Structure and Pigment Composition on the Flower Colour of Lily

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材料 Metarial	9Z-紫黄质 9Z-Violaxanthin	花药黄质 Antheraxanthin	橘黄质 Mutatoxanthin	叶黄素 Lutein	辣椒红素 Capsanthin	玉米黄质 Zeaxanthin
Detroit	8.37 ± 0.26	4.97 ± 0.16	20.44 ± 2.14	12.90 ± 0.92	187.36 ± 12.11	2.55 ± 0.64
红色拉丁Hongse Lading	0.70 ± 0.38	0	6.37 ± 1.51	0.42	102.75 ± 19.22	6.02 ± 1.35
Red Life	3.05 ± 3.01	0	4.03 ± 0.57	0	93.09 ± 4.62	0.82 ± 0.77
Loreto	5.47 ± 0.73	4.70 ± 0.63	1.99 ± 0.03	5.92 ± 1.41	59.40 ± 5.89	25.21 ± 5.18
Brunello	2.15 ± 0.06	0	4.08 ± 0.28	0	74.54 ± 0.35	3.76 ± 0.35
Tresor	0.70 ± 0.30	0.59 ± 0.28	0	8.55 ± 2.41	94.86 ± 22.42	0.82 ± 0.44
兰州百合Lilium davidii var. willmottiae	0.47 ± 0.01	0	0	5.75 ± 0.24	60.37 ± 0.26	3.93 ± 0.39
材料 Metarial	9Z-花药黄质 9Z-Antheraxanthin	β-隐黄质 β-Cryptoxanthin	β-胡萝卜素 β-Carotene	9Z-β-胡萝卜素 9Z-β-Carotene	其他类胡萝卜素 Other carotenoids	总类胡萝卜素量 Total carotenoid amount
Detroit	0.62 ± 0.14	5.48 ± 0.85	0.18 ± 0.04	0	9.86 ± 1.35	252.70 ± 17.81
红色拉丁Hongse Lading	1.71 ± 0.28	2.58 ± 0.49	0.25 ± 0.04	0.03 ± 0.08	19.86 ± 1.35	140.93 ± 5.80
Red Life	2.83 ± 0.22	0.83 ± 0.29	0.17 ± 0.07	0.02 ± 0.03	15.94 ± 1.56	120.78 ± 9.56
Loreto	9.91 ± 1.47	1.25 ± 0.36	3.66 ± 0.52	1.07 ± 0.26	4.60 ± 0.23	238.10 ± 9.08
Brunello	0.87 ± 0.00	2.94 ± 0.45	0.23 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.01	21.23 ± 1.36	109.92 ± 2.10
Tresor	0.74 ± 0.20	1.72 ± 0.30	0.06 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.02	13.53 ± 1.22	141.38 ± 5.32
兰州百合Lilium davidii var. willmottiae	0	0	6.54 ± 0.18	0.37 ± 0.34	32.01 ± 1.53	109.21 ± 1.90

色系 Colour group	低 Low （0 ~ 100 μg · g^-1）	中 Medium （100 ~ 200 μg · g^-1）	高 High （> 200 μg · g^-1）
粉色系 Pink group	Dolcetto（5.19 ± 0.95）,Trudy （36.37 ± 3.84）,Elodie（40.84 ± 2.82）	Sugar Diamond（81.35 ± 6.29）,Vermeer（85.00 ± 1.69）,Merlet（90.34 ± 5.75）
复色系 Double color group	Triumphator（28.76 ± 2.66）,Sannomiya（33.67 ± 5.11）,Party Diamond（57.02 ± 2.92）,Pearl Jessica（69.89 ± 2.86）,Donato（55.54 ± 2.67）,Easy Waltz（94.36 ± 7.36）	Cancun（113.24 ± 2.90）
橙色系 Orange group			Lancifolium Flore Pleno（496.79 ± 15.23）
紫红色系 Purple-red group	冠军Guanjun（30.87 ± 4.36）Esta Bonita（83.82 ± 2.75）,Pink Flavour（88.78 ± 3.63）	Pearl Loraine（144.43 ± 2.51）,Rosella’s Dream（148.15 ± 6.62）,Toronto（198.59 ± 6.45）	Miyabi（266.65 ± 6.74）,Senna（273.41 ± 13.59）
红色系 Red group	Red Life（91.33 ± 3.94）	红色拉丁Honse Lading （161.72 ± 6.52）	Detroit（238.62 ± 1.77）,Prunotto（254.27 ± 0.62）,Red Velvet（380.17 ± 0.67）,Fangio（423.86 ± 14.38）,Black Out（497.51 ± 5.09）,Red Alert（600.81 ± 33.66）

色系 Color group	品种 Cultivar	总花青素/（μg · g^-1） TA	总类黄酮/（μg · g ^-1FW） TF	共着色值（TF/TA） Co-pigmentation index
粉色系 Pink group	Dolcetto	5.19 ± 0.95	612.67 ± 16.45	117.96
	Sugar Diamond	81.35 ± 6.29	190.71 ± 5.51	2.34
	Vermeer	85.00 ± 1.69	473.87 ± 6.75	5.57
	Merlet	90.34 ± 5.75	324.94 ± 9.11	3.60
	Elodie	40.84 ± 2.82	205.43 ± 11.57	5.03
	Trudy	36.37 ± 3.84	232.08 ± 8.55	6.38
复色系 Double color group	Easy Waltz	94.36 ± 7.36	223.28 ± 11.99	2.37
	Party Diamond	57.02 ± 2.92	111.06 ± 4.03	1.95
	Black Spider		141.63 ± 1.34
	Orange Electric		109.52 ± 3.95
	Cancun	113.24 ± 2.90	519.81 ± 10.82	4.59
	Triumphator	28.76 ± 2.66	303.00 ± 0.30	10.54
	Donato	55.54 ± 2.67	819.13 ± 4.55	14.75
	Sannomiya	33.67 ± 5.11	797.78 ± 10.45	23.69
	Pearl Jessica	69.89 ± 2.86	267.21 ± 14.17	3.82
	Prince Promise		238.78 ± 8.33
	Mitsuyo		341.16 ± 5.89
紫红色系 Purple-red group	冠军 Guanjun	30.87 ± 4.36	1 345.39 ± 4.79	43.59
	Rosella’s Dream	148.15 ± 6.62	620.56 ± 3.61	4.19
	Esta Bonita	83.82 ± 2.75	941.51 ± 16.81	11.23
	Pearl Loraine	144.43 ± 2.51	203.69 ± 8.36	1.41
	Toronto	198.59 ± 6.45	416.51 ± 10.70	2.10
	Senna	273.41 ± 13.59	633.32 ± 7.69	2.32
	Miyabi	266.65 ± 6.74	363.99 ± 15.18	1.37
	Pink Flavour	88.78 ± 3.63	497.04 ± 1.51	5.60
红色系 Red group	Prunotto	254.27 ± 0.62	674.94 ± 16.92	2.65
	Red Velvet	380.17 ± 0.67	413.81 ± 1.26	1.09
	Detroit	238.62 ± 1.77	646.03 ± 21.77	2.71
	Red Alert	600.81 ± 33.66	486.63 ± 5.29	0.81
	Fangio	423.86 ± 14.38	278.95 ± 8.94	0.66
	红色拉丁Hongse Lading	161.72 ± 6.52	845.34 ± 36.50	5.23
	Red Life	91.33 ± 3.94	204.08 ± 5.77	2.23
	Black Out	497.51 ± 5.09	328.87 ± 8.89	0.66
橙色系 Orange group	Lancifolium Flore Pleno	496.79 ± 15.23	488.02 ± 13.60	0.98
	Loreto		220.04 ± 5.80
	Tresor		499.21 ± 6.24
	Campeche		415.32 ± 12.13
	Honesty		247.36 ± 12.81
	Brunello		340.81 ± 10.94
	African Queen		117.43 ± 6.36
	卷丹Lilium lancifolium		197.34 ± 9.36
	兰州百合L. davidii var. willmottiae		147.88 ± 10.15
黄色系 Yellow group	Grand Cru		319.08 ± 6.72
	Aladdin		627.03 ± 4.33
	Dazzle		717.67 ± 9.04
	Scipione		406.27 ± 17.31
	Pavia		198.42 ± 8.95
	Mannisa		592.59 ± 16.80
	Freya		269.18 ± 7.33
	Ballroom		212.52 ± 3.99
	Yelloween		590.84 ± 12.90
白色系 White group	Saltarella		497.08 ± 1.77
	Conca D’or		521.46 ± 10.74
	Pearl Stacey		601.18 ± 7.07
	Tiger Babies		330.65 ± 8.38
	Navona		231.74 ± 8.50
	Annemnrie’s Dream		261.79 ± 16.84
	Merluza		316.14 ± 10.01
	Ercolano		248.05 ± 4.45
	Selene Zanlosele		131.22 ± 1.80
	Big Tower		147.58 ± 4.12
	Siberia		520.28 ± 3.70
	White Heaven		171.27 ± 9.96

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