蛋氨酸对桃树新梢生长和果实品质的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0295

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

桃树新梢生长量大，修剪用工多。前人的研究表明氨基酸肥料不仅可作为新型氮肥，还对控制新梢生长有一定效果，但使用蛋氨酸控梢的效果与作用机理并不清楚。以5年生‘元香蜜’桃为试材，叶面喷施等浓度的蛋氨酸和尿素，分析其对桃新梢生长和果实品质的影响，为寻找安全有效抑制桃树新梢冗余生长的营养型绿色化控物质提供理论依据。研究结果表明：与尿素处理相比，喷施低浓度蛋氨酸显著抑制了新梢生长，但喷施蛋氨酸叶片净光合速率显著提高（17.39%），并提高了枝梢内木质素、原果胶含量，增加了枝梢强度；降低了枝梢中赤霉素（36.85%）和生长素（24.96%）含量，同时可提高果实单果质量和可溶性固形物含量。

关键词: 桃, 蛋氨酸, 尿素, 新梢, 果实, 品质

Abstract:

Peach trees have a large amount of new shoot growth and require more pruning labor. Previous studies have shown that amino acid fertilizers can not only be used as a new type of nitrogen fertilizer，but also have a certain effect on controlling the growth of new shoots. However，the effect and mechanism of using methionine to control shoots are not clear. Using 5-year-old‘Yuanxiangmi’peaches as test materials，foliar spraying of equal concentrations of methionine and urea was conducted to analyze their effects on peach shoot growth and fruit quality，providing a theoretical basis for finding safe and effective nutritional green control substances to inhibit redundant growth of peach tree shoots. The research results showed that compared with urea treatment，spraying of low methionine significantly inhibited shoot growth. However，after methionine treatment the net photosynthetic rate of leaves was significantly increased（17.39%），and the content of lignin and pectin in the branches was increased，resulting in an increase in branch strength；Reduced the content of gibberellin（36.85%）and auxin（24.96%）in branches and shoots，while improving the quality of single fruit and increasing the content of soluble solids in fruit.

Key words: peach, methionine, urea, shoot, fruit, quality

杜豪, 赵世龙, 肖元松, 罗静静, 彭福田. 蛋氨酸对桃树新梢生长和果实品质的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(4): 973-983.

DU Hao, ZHAO Shilong, XIAO Yuansong, LUO Jingjing, PENG Futian. The Effect of Methionine on the Growth of Peach Tree Shoots and Fruit Quality[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(4): 973-983.

图/表 10

图1 蛋氨酸（Met）或尿素（Urea）叶面喷施处理对桃叶片NPK含量的影响邓肯氏检验，P < 0.05。下同

Fig. 1 The effect of foliar spraying of methionine（Met）or urea on the NPK content of peach leaves Duncan’s test，P < 0.05. The same below

图2 蛋氨酸（Met）或尿素（Urea）叶面喷施处理对桃叶片净光合速率的影响

Fig. 2 Effects of methionine（Met）or urea treatment on the net photosynthetic rate of fruit tree leaves

图3 蛋氨酸（Met）或尿素（Urea）叶面喷施处理对桃叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量的影响（2022-04-16）

Fig. 3 Effects of methionine（Met）or urea treatment on chlorophyll and carotenoid content in peach leaves

图4 蛋氨酸（Met）或尿素（Urea）叶面喷施处理对桃新梢生长的影响

Fig. 4 Effects of methionine（Met）or urea treatment on the growth of peach shoots

图5 蛋氨酸（Met）或尿素（Urea）叶面喷施处理对桃枝梢强度和木质素、纤维素、原果胶含量的影响（2024-04-21）

Fig. 5 Effects of methionine（Met）or urea treatment on stem strength，lignin content，cellulose content and original pectin content of peach branches and stems

图6 蛋氨酸（Met）或尿素（Urea）叶面喷施处理对桃枝梢GA和IAA含量的影响（2024-04-21）

Fig. 6 Effect of foliar spraying of methionine（Met）or urea on GA and IAA content in peach shoots

表1 蛋氨酸（Met）或尿素（Urea）叶面喷施处理对桃果实外在品质的影响

Table 1 Effects of methionine（Met）or urea treatment on the external quality of peach fruit

处理 Treatment	浓度/（g ∙ L^-1） Concentration	单果质量/kg Single fruit mass	纵径/mm Longitudinal diameter	横径/mm Transverse diameter	果形指数 Fruit shape index	花青素/（μg · g^-1） Anthocyanin
对照Control	0	0.265 ± 0.018 bcd	73.563 ± 1.133 cd	79.828 ± 1.860 cd	0.892 ± 0.024 c	0.025 ± 0.017 b
尿素Urea	2.5	0.323 ± 0.064 ab	77.963 ± 1.271 ab	88.256 ± 2.508 a	0.941 ± 0.093 a	0.025 ± 0.097 b
	5.0	0.327 ± 0.017 a	79.097 ± 2.311 a	85.613 ± 1.328 ab	0.925 ± 0.012 a	0.055 ± 0.057 a
蛋氨酸Methionine	2.5	0.293 ± 0.003 abc	77.274 ± 0.225 abc	85.739 ± 1.125 ab	0.902 ± 0.0147 b	0.028 ± 0.047 b
	5.0	0.297 ± 0.014 abc	76.267 ± 1.058 abc	82.317 ± 0.737 bc	0.929 ± 0.024 a	0.027 ± 0.070 b

表2 蛋氨酸（Met）或尿素（Urea）处理对桃果实内在品质的影响（2024-06-20）

Table 2 Effects of methionine（Met）or urea treatment on intrinsic quality of peach fruit

处理 Treatment	浓度/（g ∙ L^-1） Concentration	硬度/（kg · cm²）Hardness	可溶性固形物/% Soluble solid	可滴定酸/% Titrable acid	总酚/（μmol · g^-1） Total phenol	类黄酮/（μmol · g^-1） Flavonoid
对照Control	0	11.60 ± 0.08 b	12.12 ± 0.01 b	0.15 ± 0.07 a	0.71 ± 0.04 c	0.41 ± 0.09 bc
尿素Urea	2.5	12.20 ± 0.04 a	12.14 ± 0.09 b	0.13 ± 0.17 a	0.75 ± 0.06 c	0.40 ± 0.04 c
	5.0	12.00 ± 0.03 a	11.81 ± 0.02 bc	0.09 ± 0.06 b	0.83 ± 0.11 b	0.48 ± 0.05 b
蛋氨酸Methionine	2.5	11.70 ± 0.08 b	14.42 ± 0.01 a	0.12 ± 0.05 ab	0.93 ± 0.09 a	0.48 ± 0.08 b
	5.0	11.80 ± 0.05 b	14.15 ± 0.02 a	0.11 ± 0.11 ab	0.94 ± 0.03 a	0.51 ± 0.09 a

图7 蛋氨酸（Met）或尿素（Urea）处理对桃果实内还原糖和有机酸含量的影响（2024-06-20）

Fig. 7 Effect of methionine（Met）or urea treatment on reducing sugar and organic acid content in peach fruit

图8 蛋氨酸（Met）或尿素（Urea）处理对桃果实乙烯释放速率的影响

Fig. 8 Effect of methionine（Met）or urea treatment on ethylene release rate of peach fruit

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