不同砧木‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄幼树对盐与低温复合胁迫的生理响应

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以1年生‘阳光玫瑰’的5BB、抗砧3号、SO4和101-14砧木嫁接苗为材料进行低温与盐复合胁迫耐受性研究。结果表明，盐胁迫下，与自根苗相比，4种砧木嫁接苗均能不同程度地降低丙二醛（MDA）含量和相对电导率水平，增加脯氨酸、可溶性糖（101-14除外）和可溶性蛋白等渗透调节物质含量，提高POD抗氧化酶活性，其中SO4嫁接苗对盐胁迫的耐受性表现最好。低温胁迫下，嫁接苗与自根苗的各项生理生化指标变化趋势与盐胁迫下相似，但变化幅度不同，5BB嫁接苗表现出更强的低温耐受性。盐与低温复合胁迫下，SO4嫁接苗的MDA含量显著低于其他砧木嫁接苗，受害程度最轻，3种有机渗透调节物质可溶性蛋白、可溶性总糖和游离脯氨酸含量显著高于盐和低温单一胁迫处理，CAT和POD活性也显著升高。隶属函数综合评价，SO4嫁接的‘阳光玫瑰’在盐与低温复合胁迫下抗性最强，更适宜进一步推广使用，砧木5BB更适合在低温冷害环境中使用。

关键词: 葡萄, 砧木, 盐, 低温, 抗逆性, 生理响应

Abstract:

‘Shine Muscat’grape was grafted onto‘5BB’‘Kangzhen 3’‘SO4’and‘101-14’rootstocks to investigate their tolerance. The results showed that the grafted seedlings could reduce the content of MDA and relative electrical conductivity，increase the content of osmoregulatory substances（including proline，soluble sugars，and soluble proteins），and improve the antioxidant enzymes activity and photosynthetic capacity at varying degrees under salt stress compared to self rooted seedlings，among them，‘Shine Muscat/SO4’showed the best tolerance to salt stress. In addition，under low temperature stress，the changes in various physiological and biochemical indicators of grafted and self rooted seedlings are similar to those under salt stress，but the amount and degree of change was different obviously.‘Shine Muscat/5BB’exhibit stronger low temperature tolerance. Under combined stress of salt and low temperature，the MDA content of‘Shine Muscat/SO4’was significantly lower than that of other rootstock grafted seedlings and showed the least damage symptoms，while the content of soluble proteins，total soluble sugars and free proline was significantly higher than that of individual salt and low temperature stress treatment，the same as the stimulative activities of CAT and POD. Overall，comprehensive comparative analysis indicated the‘Shine Muscat’grafted onto‘SO4’has the strongest resistance to the combined salt and low temperature stress，and is most suitable for further promotion and utilization，while ‘5BB’is more suitable for improving the cold resistance of grapevines.

Key words: grape, rootstock, salt, low temperature, resistance, physiological response

邢志淦, 雷向朝, 王浩臣, 冯铭鑫, 李靖雯, 刘羽佳, 房玉林, 孟江飞. 不同砧木‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄幼树对盐与低温复合胁迫的生理响应[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(3): 693-704.

XING Zhigan, LEI Xiangzhao, WANG Haochen, FENG Mingxin, LI Jingwen, LIU Yujia, FANG Yulin, MENG Jiangfei. Physiological Response of Shine Muscat Grape Seedlings Grafted with Different Rootstocks to Combined Stress of Salt and Low Temperature[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(3): 693-704.

图/表 10

图1 盐与低温复合胁迫下‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄不同砧木嫁接苗叶片表型变化

Fig. 1 Phenotypic changes of leaves of‘Shine Muscat’grape grafted seedlings of different rootstocks under combined stress of salt and low temperature

图2 盐与低温复合胁迫对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄不同砧木嫁接苗叶片叶绿素含量的影响不同小写字母表示相同处理不同砧木间的差异显著性（P < 0.05）。下同

Fig. 2 Effects of combined salt and low temperature stress on chlorophyll content in‘Shine Muscat’grape leaves of different rootstocks of grafted seedlings Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different rootstocks in same treatment（P < 0.05）. The same below

图3 盐与低温复合胁迫对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄不同砧木嫁接苗叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响

Fig. 3 Effects of combined salt and low temperature stress on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in‘Shine Muscat’grape leaves of different rootstocks of grafted seedlings

图4 盐与低温复合胁迫对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄不同砧木嫁接苗叶片光合参数的影响

Fig. 4 Effects of combined salt and low temperature stress on photosynthetic parameters in‘Shine Muscat’grape leaves of different rootstocks of grafted seedlings

图5 盐与低温复合胁迫对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄不同砧木嫁接苗叶片相对电导率和丙二醛含量的影响

Fig. 5 Effects of combined salt and low temperature stress on relative electrical conductivity and MDA content in‘Shine Muscat’grape leaves of different rootstocks of grafted seedlings

图6 盐与低温复合胁迫对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄不同砧木嫁接苗叶片渗透调节物质的影响

Fig. 6 Effects of combined salt and low temperature stress on osmotic adjustment substance in‘Shine Muscat’grape leaves of different rootstocks of grafted seedlings

图7 盐与低温复合胁迫对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄不同砧木嫁接苗叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响

Fig. 7 Effects of combined salt and low temperature stress on antioxidant enzyme activity in‘Shine Muscat’grape leaves of different rootstocks of grafted seedlings

表1 ‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄不同砧木嫁接苗耐盐性隶属函数法综合评价

Table 1 Comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of different rootstock‘Shine Muscat’grape grafted seedlings

指标Index	砧木Rootstock				自根苗 Self-rooted plants
指标Index	5BB	SO4	101-14	抗砧3号Kangzhen 3	自根苗 Self-rooted plants
相对电导率REC	0.587	0.802	0.636	0.370	0.043
丙二醛MDA	0.709	0.882	0.637	0.505	0.101
叶绿素Chl	0.561	0.980	0.807	0.709	0.019
最大光化学效率F_v/F_m	0.715	0.961	0.863	0.715	0.076
潜在光化学效率F_v/F_o	0.572	0.963	0.767	0.595	0.061
净光合速率P_n	0.385	0.912	0.637	0.560	0.077
气孔导度G_s	0.149	0.860	0.708	0.416	0.185
胞间二氧化碳浓度C_i	0.619	0.901	0.738	0.243	0.082
蒸腾速率T_r	0.163	0.884	0.419	0.721	0.326
可溶性总糖SS	0.485	0.989	0.007	0.556	0.296
可溶性蛋白SP	0.069	0.947	0.561	0.301	0.031
游离脯氨酸Pro	0.619	0.952	0.286	0.417	0.119
过氧化氢酶CAT	0.356	0.895	0.632	0.442	0.052
过氧化物酶POD	0.355	0.917	0.694	0.320	0.042
超氧化物歧化酶SOD	0.405	0.916	0.714	0.500	0.119
平均值Mean	0.450	0.917	0.607	0.491	0.109
抗性级别Tolerance level	3	1	2	3	5

表2 ‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄不同砧木嫁接苗低温耐受性的综合评价

Table 2 Comprehensive evaluation of low temperature tolerance of different rootstock‘Shine Muscat’grape grafted seedlings

指标Index	砧木Rootstock				自根苗 Self-rooted
指标Index	5BB	SO4	101-14	抗砧3号Kangzhen 3	自根苗 Self-rooted
相对电导率REC	0.764	0.541	0.205	0.591	0.164
丙二醛MDA	0.981	0.792	0.540	0.396	0.115
叶绿素Chl	0.288	0.940	0.831	0.125	0.016
最大光化学效率F_v/F_m	0.735	0.321	0.231	0.923	0.105
潜在光化学效率F_v/F_o	0.649	0.155	0.179	0.932	0.058
净光合速率P_n	0.943	0.505	0.590	0.486	0.057
气孔导度G_s	0.804	0.490	0.139	0.682	0.380
胞间二氧化碳浓度C_i	0.864	0.825	0.545	0.377	0.139
蒸腾速率T_r	0.900	0.750	0.225	0.550	0.150
可溶性总糖SS	0.984	0.578	0.045	0.364	0.006
可溶性蛋白SP	0.933	0.113	0.563	0.122	0.043
游离脯氨酸Pro	0.965	0.614	0.263	0.070	0.158
过氧化氢酶CAT	0.831	0.598	0.292	0.252	0.108
过氧化物酶POD	0.954	0.667	0.758	0.257	0.061
超氧化物歧化酶SOD	0.901	0.333	0.550	0.300	0.101
平均值Mean	0.833	0.542	0.397	0.428	0.111
抗性级别Tolerance level	1	2	4	3	5

表3 ‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄不同砧木嫁接苗盐与低温复合耐受性的综合评价

Table 3 Comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance and low temperature tolerance of different rootstock‘Shine Muscat’grape grafted seedlings

指标 Index	砧木Rootstock				自根苗 Self-rooted
指标 Index	5BB	SO4	101-14	抗砧3号Kangzhen 3	自根苗 Self-rooted
相对电导率REC	0.506	0.796	0.333	0.423	0.075
丙二醛MDA	0.894	0.992	0.618	0.417	0.008
叶绿素Chl	0.144	0.988	0.144	0.742	0.004
最大光化学效率F_v/F_m	0.712	0.858	0.420	0.712	0.128
潜在光化学效率F_v/F_o	0.648	0.910	0.398	0.598	0.073
净光合速率P_n	0.764	0.944	0.596	0.371	0.067
气孔导度G_s	0.861	0.547	0.342	0.394	0.114
胞间二氧化碳浓度C_i	0.686	0.899	0.535	0.359	0.106
蒸腾速率T_r	0.263	0.895	0.509	0.351	0.105
可溶性总糖SS	0.577	0.991	0.077	0.495	0.007
可溶性蛋白SP	0.693	0.941	0.452	0.053	0.211
游离脯氨酸Pro	0.788	0.955	0.288	0.303	0.121
过氧化氢酶CAT	0.600	0.870	0.448	0.192	0.077
过氧化物酶POD	0.531	0.963	0.753	0.457	0.037
超氧化物歧化酶SOD	0.777	0.921	0.461	0.619	0.095
平均值Mean	0.630	0.898	0.425	0.432	0.082
抗性级别Tolerance level	2	1	3	3	5

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