间作喷硒对盆栽茶苗生长、茶叶品质及根际土壤酶活的影响

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2024-0546

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以一年生‘鄂茶10号’茶树（Camellia sinensis）盆栽苗为研究对象，设置单作与间作高硒积累型植物壶瓶碎米荠（Cardamine hupingshanensis）、结合喷硒与不喷硒处理，系统分析不同处理对茶树生长、茶叶品质和茶树根际土壤酶活性的影响。结果显示，间作壶瓶碎米荠联合喷硒处理，不仅显著促进了茶树主茎的增粗，增加了茶树根系的生物量，提高了茶鲜叶中游离氨基酸含量，同时降低了咖啡碱、儿茶素和黄酮类等多酚物质的含量。茶叶中的有机硒主要以硒代蛋氨酸和硒代半胱氨酸等生物有效态形式存在，其中硒代蛋氨酸占据主导地位。此外，间作联合喷硒处理显著增强了茶树根际土壤中β-葡萄糖苷酶、亮氨酸氨肽酶和N-乙酰-β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶的活性，而对芳基硫酸酯酶的活性和间作对酸性磷酸酶活性则表现出显著抑制效应。综上，间作壶瓶碎米荠联合喷硒处理不仅能够提升茶鲜叶的品质，促进富硒茶的生产，还能显著提高根际一些土壤酶的活性。

关键词: 茶树, 壶瓶碎米荠, 间作, 茶叶品质, 有机硒, 根际土壤酶活

Abstract:

The study aimed to investigate the effects of intercropping selenium（Se）-hyperaccumulated plant Cardamine hupingshanensis accompanied with Se spraying on tea plants’ growth，tea quality and rhizosphere enzymatic activities. The tea variety was‘ECha 10’. The Findings indicated that the combination of intercropping combined and Se treatment significantly stimulated the growth of tea plants，showing thicker main stems and a more vigorous root system. It also notably enhanced the content of free amino acid，decreased the content of caffeine，polyphenols of catechin and flavonoids in the young shoots. The primary selenium species in the tea leaves was identified as selenomethionine，followed by selenocysteine. Furthermore，this cultivation practices，intercropping combined with selenium spraying，substantially elevated the activities of β-glucosidase，leucine aminopeptidase，and N-acetyl-β- glucosaminidase in the rhizosphere soil. Conversely，it significantly suppressed the activity sulfatase. Meanwhile，intercropping suppressed the activity of acid phosphatase. In summary，The results highlight that the integration of C. hupingshanensis intercropping combined with selenium foliar spray treatment can synergistically improve tea plants’ growth，enhance the quality of fresh tea leaves，and promote the production of Se-enriched tea. This cultivation practice significantly enhances the enzyme activities of the rhizosphere soil of tea plants.

Key words: tea plants, Cardamine hupingshanensis, intercropping, tea quality, organic selenium, rhizosphere enzymatic activity

陈丹, 魏仪, 张乐慧, 郭飞, 王璞, 王明乐, 王郁, 赵华. 间作喷硒对盆栽茶苗生长、茶叶品质及根际土壤酶活的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2025, 52(9): 2491-2506.

CHEN Dan, WEI Yi, ZHANG Lehui, GUO Fei, WANG Pu, WANG Mingle, WANG Yu, ZHAO Hua. Effect of Intercropping and Selenium-Foliar Application on the Growth of Potted Tea Seedlings，Tea Quality，and Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activities[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2025, 52(9): 2491-2506.

图/表 12

图1 壶瓶碎米荠茶树单作（A）与间作（B）植株

Fig. 1 Tea plants in monoculture（A）and tea plants-Cardamine hupingshanensis intercropping（B）

图2 间作壶瓶碎米荠（CHP）联合硒处理对茶树叶片数（A）和株高（B）的影响对照：单作；CHP：间作壶瓶碎米荠；对照 + Se：单作喷硒（10 mg · L-1硒酸钠）；CHP + Se：间作壶瓶碎米荠喷硒。不同小写字母代表处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同

Fig. 2 The effect of intercropping with Cardamine hupingshanensis（CHP）and Se treatment on the number of leaves（A）and height（B）of tea plants Control：Monoculture；CHP：Tea plants-Cardamine hupingshanensis intercropping；Control + Se：Monoculture and spray Se（10 mg · L-1 Na2SeO4）；CHP + Se：Tea plants-Cardamine hupingshanensis intercropping and spray Se（10 mg · L-1 Na2SeO4）. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments（P < 0.05）. The same below

图3 间作壶瓶碎米荠联合喷硒处理对茶树根系干质量（A）和主茎直径（B）的影响

Fig. 3 The effect of Cardamine hupingshanensis-intercropping and Se treatment on the root dry weight（A）and main stem diameter（B）of tea trees

图4 间作壶瓶碎米荠联合喷硒处理对茶树叶片叶绿素含量的影响

Fig. 4 Effect of intercropping with Cardamine hupingshanensis and Se treatment on chlorophyll content of tea tree leaves

图5 间作壶瓶碎米荠联合喷硒处理对茶树不同成熟度叶片氮、磷、钾含量的影响

Fig. 5 Effect of intercropping with Cardamine hupingshanensis and Se treatment on nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium content in the tea leaves of gradient maturity

图6 间作壶瓶碎米荠联合喷硒处理对茶鲜叶游离氨基酸的含量的影响

Fig. 6 Effect of intercropping with Cardamine hupingshanensis and Se treatment on the content of free amino acids in tea fresh leaves

图7 间作壶瓶碎米荠联合喷硒处理对茶鲜叶关键氨基酸含量的影响

Fig. 7 Effect of the intercropping with Cardamine hupingshanensis and Se treatment on the content of main amino acid components in tea fresh leaves

图8 间作壶瓶碎米荠联合喷硒处理对茶鲜叶咖啡碱含量的影响

Fig. 8 Effect of intercropping with Cardamine hupingshanensis and Se treatment on the content of caffeine in tea fresh leaves

图9 间作壶瓶碎米荠联合喷硒处理对茶鲜叶类黄酮含量的影响

Fig. 9 Effect of intercropping with Cardamine hupingshanensis and Se treatment on the content of flavonoid content in tea fresh leaves

表1 硒处理条件下间作壶瓶碎米荠叶片与茶树一芽二叶中硒组分的含量（mg · kg-1 DW）

Table 1 The content of Se species in the leaves of Cardamine hupingshanensis and one bud with two leaves of tea plants intercropped with CHP-tea plants treated with Se（mg · kg-1 DW）

材料 Material	处理 Treatment	SeMet	MeSeCys	SeCys₂	SeCys	SeO₄^2-	SeO₃^2-
壶瓶碎米荠 Cardamine hupingshanensis	硒 + Se	46.6 ± 0.99	4.74 ± 0.18	2.64 ± 0.06	nd	nd	nd
茶树 Tea plant	单作 + 硒对照 + Se	3.27 ± 0.11 a	nd	nd	0.65 ± 0.04 a	nd	0.05 ± 0.01 a
茶树 Tea plant	间作 + 硒 CHP + Se	1.38 ± 0.08 b	nd	nd	0.21 ± 0.01 b	nd	0.03 ± 0.01 a

图10 间作壶瓶碎米荠联合喷硒处理对茶树根际土壤酶活的影响

Fig. 10 Effect of intercropping with Cardamine hupingshanensis and Se treatment on the enzyme activity of in the rhizosphere soil of tea trees

图11 茶树生长势、茶叶品质、茶树不同叶片养分含量和茶树根际土壤酶活性的PCA分析各指标详见图2 ~ 图10。YL：嫩叶；ML：成熟叶；SL：衰老叶。指标与处理的夹角 < 90°则表示正相关，且夹角越小正相关性越强，夹角 > 90°则表示负相关，且夹角越大负相关性越强

Fig. 11 PCA analysis of tea tree growth，tea quality and nutrient concentration in different leaves and enzymatic activity of rhizosphere soil The details of each indicator are shown in Figures 2-10. YL：Young leaf；ML：Mature leaf；SL：Senescent leaf. When the angle between an indicator and a treatment is < 90°，it indicates a positive correlation，and the smaller the angle，the stronger the positive correlation. When the angle is > 90°，it indicates a negative correlation，and the larger the angle，the stronger the negative correlation

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